Difference between pages "Metallic and Ceramic construction materials" and "Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)"

Revision as of 22:39, 5 August 2009

Introduction

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices with critical dimensions that lie within that size range.

Run of Nanotechnology

December 29, 1959: The first thought of Nanotechnology was given by Richard Feynman in "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech.
September, 1981: First technical paper published on molecular nanotechnology. The same year scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented.
1982-1990:Books and prizes on nanotechnology. Atomic force microscope invented in 1986.
1991: Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) discovered.
1997: First company on nanotechnology founded, it's name is Zyvex.
1998-2007: Research, investment, conferences and meetings on nanotechnology.

Applications of Nanotechnology

It has or will have applications in almost all areas we can think of.

Environment and Energy	Medical and Health	Electronics and Computers	Space, Aircraft and Transportation	Materials and Manufacturing
Clean Technology Reducing Global Warming Eco-friendly and Efficient Energy Eco-friendly Coatings Lotus-effect Surfaces Self-cleaning Glass Environmental Monitoring Remediation of Soil Remediation and Treatment of Water	Lab-on-a-chip: The Analytical Revolution Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery Nanoparticles and Gene Therapy Textured Surfaces for Tissue Regeneration Nanorobot Therapeutics	Desktop Manufacturing Electronic Paper Nanoelectronics and Computing Assemblers and Self-replicators Molecular Electronics	Space and Aeronautics Automobiles Transportation Infrastructure	New and Nanostructured Materials Nano-engineered Advanced Materials NanoGold: Carbon Nanotubes Potential Industrial Applications

(Source link)

Aerospace

Medicine

Identifying location of cancer cells. [1]
Delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to cancer cells.[2]
Nanoshells that concentrate the heat from infrared light to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. [3]
Nanotubes used in broken bones to provide a structure for new bone material to grow.[4]
Nanoparticles that can attach to cells infected with various diseases and allow a lab to identify, in a blood sample, the particular disease.[5]

Food Storage

Clay nanocomposites are being used to provide an impermeable barrier to gasses such as oxygen or carbon dioxide in lightweight bottles, cartons and packaging films.
Food storage bins are being produced with silver nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any food that was previously stored in the bins, minimizing health risks from harmful bacteria.[6]
It is possible to use nanosensors in plastic packaging to detect gases given off by food when it spoils. The packaging itself changes color to alert you to food gone bad.

Agriculture

Food will be more tastier and healthier using nanaotechnology.[7]
Research is also being conducted to develop nanocapsules containing nutrients that would be released when nanosensors detect a vitamin deficiency in your body.
Researchers are also working on pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles; that only release pesticide within an insect’s stomach, minimizing the contamination of plants themselves.
Another development being persued is a network of nanosensors and dispensers used throughout a food crop. The sensors recognize when a plant needs nutrients or water, before there is any sign that the plant is deficient. The dispensers then release fertilizer, nutrients, or water as needed, optimizing the growth of each plant in the field one by one.

Chemistry

Nanoparticles can be used as catalyst for chemical reactions.
Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors.[8]
ZnO nanowires may lead to better chemical sensors, high-speed electronics.[9]
Palladium nanoparticle hydrogen sensor.[10]

Semiconductor devices

Optics

The first sunglasses using protective and antireflective ultrathin polymer coatings are on the market.
Nanotechnology also offers scratch resistant surface coatings based on nanocomposites.
Nano-optics could allow for an increase in precision of pupil repair and other types of laser eye surgery.

Textile

The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free.
Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures.
Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.

Consumer products

Nanotechnology is now entered in almost all consumer products,for details see [11]

Number of products launched products launched vs categories

Source link

Carbon Nanotubes

3D model of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) are cylindrical shaped allotrope of carbon with length to diameter ratio exceeding 1,000,000.

Such cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of heat.

Types

Vectors representing orientation of three types of Single-walled CNT's

A Double-walled CNT formed by multiple Single-walled CNTs

Single-walled CNT's: This type of nanotube can be formed by rolling Graphene sheet. Graphene is a single planar sheet of sp²-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Types of Single-walled CNT's:
- Zig-zag(n,0)
- Armchair(n,n)
- Chiral(2n,n)
Multi-walled: Multi-walled nanotubes(MWNT) consist of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to form a tube shape.
Fullerite: Fullerites are the solid-state manifestation of fullerenes and related compounds and materials. Being highly incompressible nanotube forms, polymerized single-walled nanotubes (P-SWNT) are a class of fullerites and are comparable to diamond in terms of hardness.
Torus: A nanotorus is a theoretically described carbon nanotube bent into a torus (doughnut shape).
Nanobud: The material fullerene-like "buds" are covalently bonded to the outer sidewalls of the underlying carbon nanotube. This hybrid material has useful properties of both fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.

Properties

Physical Properties

Material	Young’s modulus (GPa)	Tensile Strength (GPa)	Density (g/cm3)
Single wall nanotube	1054	150	N/A
Multi wall nanotube	1200	150	2.6
Steel	208	0.4	7.8
Epoxy	3.5	0.005	1.25
Wood	16	0.008	0.6

Source link

Electrical Properties: Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties. For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is metallic, otherwise the nanotube is a semiconductor. Thus all armchair (n=m) nanotubes are metallic, and nanotubes (5,0), (6,4), (9,1), etc. are semiconducting. In theory, metallic nanotubes can have an electrical current density more than 1,000 times greater than metals such as silver and copper.

Method of fabrication

Arc discharge: It is the simplest and most commonly used method of producing Carbon nanotubes. This method creates CNTs through arc-vaporization of two carbon rods placed end to end, separated by approximately 1mm, in an enclosure that is usually filled with inert gas (helium, argon) at low pressure (between 50 and 700 mbar).
Laser ablation: In 1996, a dual-pulsed laser vaporization technique was developed, which produced SWNTs in gram quantities and yields of >70wt% purity. Samples were prepared by laser vaporization of graphite rods with a 50:50 catalyst mixture of Co and Ni (particle size ~1um) at 1200oC in flowing argon, followed by heat treatment in a vacuum at 1000oC to remove the C60 and other fullerenes.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD):Large amounts of CNTs can be formed by catalytic CVD of acetylene over Co and Fe catalysts supported on silica or zeolite.

Application of Carbon nanotubes

Polymer Composites: The first realized major commercial application of MWNTs is their use as electrically conducting components in polymer composites.Depending on the polymer matrix, conductivities of 0.01 to 0.1 S/cm can be obtained for 5% loading; much lower conductivity levels suffice for dissipating electrostatic charge. The low loading levels and the nanofiber morphology of the MWNTs allow electronic conductivity to be achieved while avoiding or minimizing degradation of other performance aspects, such as mechanical properties and the low melt flow viscosity needed for thin-wall molding applications.
Electrochemical devices: Because of the high electrochemically accessible surface area of porous nanotube arrays, combined with their high electronic conductivity and useful mechanical properties, these materials are attractive as electrodes for devices that use electrochemical double-layer charge injection.
Hydrogen storage: Nanotubes have been long heralded as potentially useful for hydrogen storage (for example, for fuel cells that power electric vehicles or laptop computers).
Field emission devices: Industrial and academic research activity on electronic devices has focused principally on using SWNTs and MWNTs as field emission electron sources for flat panel displays, lamps, gas discharge tubes providing surge protection, and x-ray and microwave generators.
Nanometer-sized electronic devices:
Sensors and probes: Possible chemical sensor applications of nonmetallic nanotubes are interesting, because nanotube electronic transport and thermopower (voltages between junctions caused by interjunction temperature differences) are very sensitive to substances that affect the amount of injected charge.The main advantages are the minute size of the nanotube sensing element and the correspondingly small amount of material required for a response.

Source link

Map categorization for CNT

Top ongoing projects on CNT's

The Ajayan group is using carbon nanotubes as templates and molds for fabricating nanowires, composites, and novel ceramic fibers.[12]
Dai group discovered how to grow nanotubes in specific directions and orientations on substrates using a chemical vapor deposition process.[13]
Smalley group is developing methods of production, purification, derivitization, analysis, and assembly of nanotubes to solve real world problems. [14]
Sun Research group is researching on polymeric nanocomposite materials based on carbon nanotubes and semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. [15]
Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Helsinki is researching on Ion irradiation as a tool for studying and modifying properties of carbon nanotubes.[16]

IP Activity on carbon nanotubes

Number of patents filled on nanotubes are increasing exponentially by years.
Last year i.e 2007, around 1450 patents are filled in this field.

IP Activity by year

Major IPC classes with description is given.

Top IPC

S. no.	IPC Classification	Description
1	H01J	ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
2	C01B	NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
3	H01L	SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES
4	B82B	NANOTECHNOLOGY
5	H01M	BATTERIES OR FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
6	B01J	CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
7	D01F	CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES, OR RIBBONS AND APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
8	G01N	INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
9	B32B	LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
10	C08K	USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS

Hon Hai Prec Ind Co leads the number of patent filing by a great margin with their competitors.
Samsung Electronics and Samsung SDI Co. Ltd. together contributes 148 patents.

Top Assignee

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Sample Analysis

Below is the link for sample spreadsheet analysis for Carbon nanotubes.

Sample analysis on carbon nanotubes

Dashboard

Dashboard Snapshots

Link to Dashboard

Dashboard for CNTs

Carbon nanotube in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps (IPC H01J)

IP Map

Map for electron emitter devices

IP Activity on carbon nanotubes in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps

IP activity by year

Top Assignee

Analysis

S.no	Patent/Publication No.	Assignee / Applicant	Title	Description of the device	Use of CNT in it	Technology Area
1	US7336028B2	Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.	Electron emission device having multi-layered gate electrode structure	A multilayered electron emission device is described with a predetermined gap between the electrodes.	Electron emission sources can be made up of CNTs.	Electron emission device
2	US7315129B2	Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.	Plasma producing apparatus and doping apparatus	A plasma chamber anad plasma appratus is described with two electrodes and sustrate and CNTs.	CNTs are on the surface of the cathode electrode.	Plasma Appratus
3	US7307432B2	Yokogawa Electric Corporation	Electron beam generating apparatus and optical sampling apparatus using the same	Optical sampling appratus with electrodes with deflection electrode and charge detection section.	Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.	Optical sampling appratus.
4	US7306503B2	Canon Kabushiki Kaisha	Method and apparatus of fixing carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process	Appratus for manufacturing substate with carbon nanotubes in it.	Arc dischage method is involved for producing CNTs and hence forming it on substrate.	Manufacturing and Processing of CNT’s
5	US7259510B1	Agere Systems Inc.	On-chip vacuum tube device and process for making device	Microwave vacuum tube is described with electrodes and CNTs.	Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.	Electron emission device
6	US7232987B2	None	Instrument and method to measure available light energy for photosynthesis	A device to calculate and filter amout of light required and available for photosynthesis of plants.	Photovoltaic material is made up of carbon nanotubes.	Optical Instrument
7	US7161148B1	Crystals and Technologies, Ltd.	Tip structures, devices on their basis, and methods for their preparation	A tip structure for an electron emissive device or a scanning probe device is described.	At least one link of the tip structure is made up of Carbon naotubes.	Electron emission device
8	US7175494B1	cDream Corporation	Forming carbon nanotubes at lower temperatures suitable for an electron-emitting device	An electron emission device is described comprising of carbon nanotubes.	Carbon nanotubes are manufactured at 300° C. to 500° C which makes them compatible with the thermal stress of the underlying substrate.	Electron emission device
9	US7161286B2	Tsinghua University \| Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.	Carbon nanotube array and method for making same	A carbon nanotube-based device is described which includes a substrate and number of catalytic nano-sized particles.	Carbon nanotubes are manufactured on the substrate.	Manufacturing and Processing of CNT’s
10	US7145528B2	Canon Kabushiki Kaisha	Display device and driving and controlling method therefor	A display device with display panel is described and use of electron emitters.	Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.	Electron emission device
11	US7115863B1	Hitachi, Ltd.	Probe for scanning probe lithography and making method thereof	A probe of scanning probe lithography is described	Shaft of the probe is made up of Carbon nanaotubes.	Manufacturing and Processing of CNT’s

Sample Analysis on use of Carbon nanotubes in discharge tubes and discharge lamps

Sample Analysis for discharge tubes and discharge lamps patents(30 patents)

Key Players

Universities

Universities play an important role in research and that's why it needs to be analyzed.
Only 245 patents are filled by the universities research division.
But companies are dependent on them for research activities.
The analysis will give the insight of most involved university in terms of research on Carbon nanotubes.

Number of patents by universities in Carbon nanotubes area

Companies

Large number of companies are now moving into this area.
Number of startups are coming into the picture.

Top Companies	Number of patents filled
Hon Hai Prec Ind Co	118
Samsung Electronics	77
Samsung SDI Co. Ltd.	71
Sony Corp.	70
Toray Industry	69
Fujitsu Ltd.	68
Nippon Electric Co.	64
Ind Tech Res Inst	62
Nat Inst for Materia	59
Others	58

Market Research

Nanotechnology market

Nanotechnology is a growing market.
Lux Research (a market research company in nanotechnology) believes that market will reach from $13 billion in 2005 to $292 billion in 2010.
In 2015 market for nano materials will reach to $340 billion and electronics market will reach to $300 billion.
US nanotech funding has increased from $270 million to $850 million.

Predictions of market by Lux research

US funding

Market by different categories

Carbon Nanotubes market

Market size will increase from $6 million in 2004 to $1,070 million in 2014.

Carbon nanotubes market estimate

Published Papers

Academic papers published on carbon nanotubes have been on the rise and patent filings have been keeping up with this upswing, says a review in the journal Science.
According to the review, around 1,500 scientific papers were published in 2001 compared to about 1,100 in 2000 and around 700 in 1999.

Source

SWOT analysis on nanotechnology

Strength	Weakness
In nanomaterials research and development	Critical issues(ecological meltdown,poverty and disease)
In biomimetics research	Lack of planet friendly scorecard for research
In nanoelectronics and IT research including quantum computing	No clear technology transfer routes to the less developed world.
In nanophotovoltaic research	Fragmented research infrastructure
In nanosensors research and development	Nationally variable industry pull through
In strong industrial base in instrumentation	Variable incentives/cultures for supporting start-ups
In nanomedicine	Funding slow and bureaucratic
In cultural differences resulting in imaginative approaches to results	No wide support for individual genius
In the ability to work in teams	Academic research often lags industry
Acceleration of new company formation underway	Funding may be duplicated
Openness in developing and adopting environmentally friendly techniques	Lack of fiscal incentives for environmentally friendly techniques;also lack of legal incentives
Openness to developing technologies for the less developed regions	Critically slow emergence of technology from the research base
	Lack of skilled staff
Opportunities	Threats
The exploitation of planet and people friendly research	Brain drain in life sciences,electronics,software and engineering
Development of widely available technologies(sensors,renewable energy,medicine etc.)	Public backlash to nanotechnology
Creation of new technologies(medical and non-medical)	Too little,too late, of the technologies that matter
Reduction animal experimentation through cell-base toxicity testing
Critical niche opportunities in areas such as lab-on-a-chip and sensor technology

Conferences

Major Conferences

S.no.	Conference	Location	Date	Email
1	Nanotech 2008 - 11th Annual NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show	Boston,USA	1-5June, 2008	bfr@nsti.org
2	NanoEurope 2008	St.Gallen, Switzerland	16-17 Sep, 2008	joerg.guettinger@ncb.ch
3	Nanotech Northern Europe 2008	Copenhagen,Denmark	23-25 Sep, 2008	katriina.forsstrom@spinverse.com

Complete list of Nanotechnology Conferences

http://www.allconferences.com/Science/Nanotechnology/

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-=== '''Construction materials and nanotechnology''' ===
+== Introduction ==
-[[Image:nano.jpg|right|300 px|thumb|Schematic drawing of nanoscale calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) particles in cement showing the multiple roles played by water as defined in the NIST/Northwestern experiments. Solid red areas are calcium silicate, pebbled areas in between show the water physically bound between the layers to form solid C-S-H. Dark blue holes around the C-S-H particles are water adsorbed on the surface; pale blue areas represent liquid water caught in nanopores]]
-The construction business will inevitably be a beneficiary of this nanotechnology; in fact it already is in the fields of concrete, steel and glass. Nanotechnology is coming into construction because there is a need to increase the mechanical and chemical properties of construction materials.
-Two nano-sized particles that stand out in their application to construction materials are titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes (CNT’s). These compounds and materials have unique properties which enable them to increase and modify glass strength and make it dust proof.
+=== Nanotechnology ===
+Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices with critical dimensions that lie within that size range.
-The sheer size and scope of the construction industry means that the accompanying economic impact will be huge.
+=== Run of Nanotechnology ===
+* '''December 29, 1959''': The first thought of Nanotechnology was given by Richard Feynman in "[http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom]" at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech.
+* '''September, 1981''': First technical paper published on molecular nanotechnology. The same year scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented.
+* '''1982-1990''':Books and prizes on nanotechnology. Atomic force microscope invented in 1986.
+* '''1991''': Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) discovered.
+* '''1997''': First company on nanotechnology founded, it's name is [http://www.zyvex.com/ Zyvex].
+* '''1998-2007''': Research, investment, conferences and meetings on nanotechnology.
-[http://www.nanoforum.org/dateien/temp/Nanotech%20and%20Construction%20Nanoforum%20report.pdf?22052008075427 Source link]
+=== Applications of Nanotechnology ===
+It has or will have applications in almost all areas we can think of.
-=== '''Metallic Construction Materials''' ===
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
-* '''Steel'''
+|-
+!Environment and Energy || Medical and Health || Electronics and Computers || Space, Aircraft and Transportation || Materials and Manufacturing
+|-
+| valign = "top" |
+* Clean Technology
+* Reducing Global Warming
+* Eco-friendly and Efficient Energy
+* Eco-friendly Coatings
+* Lotus-effect Surfaces
+* Self-cleaning Glass
+* Environmental Monitoring
+* Remediation of Soil
+* Remediation and Treatment of Water
+| valign = "top" |
+* Lab-on-a-chip: The Analytical Revolution
+* Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery
+* Nanoparticles and Gene Therapy
+* Textured Surfaces for Tissue Regeneration
+* Nanorobot Therapeutics
+| valign = "top" |
+* Desktop Manufacturing
+* Electronic Paper
+* Nanoelectronics and Computing
+* Assemblers and Self-replicators
+* Molecular Electronics
+| valign = "top" |
+* Space and Aeronautics
+* Automobiles
+* Transportation Infrastructure
+| valign = "top" |
+* New and Nanostructured Materials
+* Nano-engineered Advanced Materials
+* NanoGold: Carbon Nanotubes
+* Potential Industrial Applications
+|-
+|}
+([http://www.nipne.ro/rjp/2004_49_9-10/0767_0776.pdf Source link])
-Carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) are an exciting material with tremendous properties of strength and stiffness, they have found little application as an addition to steel as their inherent slipperiness (due to their graphitic nature) makes them difficult to bind to the bulk material and they pull out easily, rendering them ineffective. In addition, the high temperatures involved in steel manufacture and the effects of this on CNT’s presents a challenge for their effective use as a composite component.
+* '''Aerospace'''
+::* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3401/02.html Space Elevators]
+::* [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/16sep_rightstuff.htm Spaceship]
+::* [http://www.andybrain.com/extras/solar-sail.htm Solar Sails]
+::* [http://www.niac.usra.edu/files/library/meetings/annual/oct04/914Mavroidis.pdf Biorobots]
+* '''Medicine'''
+::* Identifying location of cancer cells. [http://www.physorg.com/news2850.html]
+::* Delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to cancer cells.[http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2006/April/11040601.asp]
+::* Nanoshells that concentrate the heat from infrared light to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. [http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?language=english&type=24119&article_id=218392390&cat=3_all]
+::* Nanotubes used in broken bones to provide a structure for new bone material to grow.[http://www.physorg.com/news5003.html]
+::* Nanoparticles that can attach to cells infected with various diseases and allow a lab to identify, in a blood sample, the particular disease.[http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=16228]
+* '''Food Storage'''
+::* [http://www.nanocor.com/nanocomposites.asp Clay nanocomposites] are being used to provide an impermeable barrier to gasses such as oxygen or carbon dioxide in lightweight bottles, cartons and packaging films.
+::* Food storage bins are being produced with silver nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any food that was previously stored in the bins, minimizing health risks from harmful bacteria.[http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1695]
+::* It is possible to use nanosensors in plastic packaging to detect gases given off by food when it spoils. The packaging itself changes color to alert you to food gone bad.
+* '''Agriculture'''
+::* Food will be more tastier and healthier using nanaotechnology.[http://nsrg.neu.edu/resources/regulatory_capacity/documents/NanoAgFood.pdf]
+::* Research is also being conducted to develop nanocapsules containing nutrients that would be released when nanosensors detect a vitamin deficiency in your body.
+::* Researchers are also working on pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles; that only release pesticide within an insect’s stomach, minimizing the contamination of plants themselves.
+::* Another development being persued is a network of nanosensors and dispensers used throughout a food crop. The sensors recognize when a plant needs nutrients or water, before there is any sign that the plant is deficient. The dispensers then release fertilizer, nutrients, or water as needed, optimizing the growth of each plant in the field one by one.
+* '''Chemistry'''
+::* Nanoparticles can be used as catalyst for chemical reactions.
+::* Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors.[http://people.nas.nasa.gov/~cwei/Publication/cnt_sensor.pdf]
+::* ZnO nanowires may lead to better chemical sensors, high-speed electronics.[http://www.physorg.com/news77303473.html]
+::* Palladium nanoparticle hydrogen sensor.[http://nano-proprietary.com/PDFs/Palladium%20Nanoparticle%20Hydrogen%20SensorMNPS.pdf]
+* '''Semiconductor devices'''
+::* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoelectromechanical_systems NEMS]
+::* [http://www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/18591/ OLED]
+::* [http://www.zurich.ibm.com/st/storage/concept.html Memory chips]
+::* [http://www.motorola.com/content.jsp?globalObjectId=8206 Nanoemmissive display panel]
+::* [http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/45nm-core2/index.htm  45 nm wide transistor gates]
+::* [http://www.voyle.net/Nano%20Electronics/Nano%20Electronics-2004-0040.htm Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM)]
+::* [http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/about/nanoelectronics.html Nanoscale integrated circuits]
+* '''Optics'''
+::* The first sunglasses using protective and antireflective ultrathin polymer coatings are on the market.
+::* Nanotechnology also offers scratch resistant surface coatings based on nanocomposites.
+::* Nano-optics could allow for an increase in precision of pupil repair and other types of laser eye surgery.
+* '''Textile'''
+::* The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free.
+::* Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures.
+::* Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.
+* '''Consumer products'''
+::* Nanotechnology is now entered in almost all consumer products,for details see [http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/browse/]
-[http://www.nanoforum.org/dateien/temp/Nanotech%20and%20Construction%20Nanoforum%20report.pdf?22052008075427 Source link]
+[[Image:report9.jpg|center|600 px|thumb|Number of products launched products launched vs categories]]
-=== '''Ceramic Construction Materials''' ===
+[http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/analysis_draft/ Source link]
-* '''Concrete''': Silica (SiO2) is present in conventional concrete as part of the normal mix. However, one of the advancements made by the study of concrete at the nanoscale is that particle packing in concrete can be improved by using nano-silica which leads to a densifying of the micro and nanostructure resulting in improved mechanical properties. Nano-silica addition to cement based materials can also control the degradation of the fundamental C-S-H (calcium-silicatehydrate) reaction of concrete caused by calcium leaching in water as well as block water penetration and therefore lead to improvements in durability.
-* '''Cement''': The nanostructure of cement is organized into a pyramid like shape, the most densely packed structure for spherical objects.A material can be used in the cement paste,This replacement material will be required to have the same packing density but not require the high production temperatures needed to produce standard cement.
-* '''Bricks''': Nanotechnology can promise strong and dust-proof bricks for construction. Nanotechnology can strongly bind the molecules resulting in good strength.Micro finish captures air born water molecules. These molecules create a microscopic film of water that resists dirt/soot from adhering to the finish.
-* '''Floor tiles''': Microscopic ceramic particles surround all open pores and prevent contaminants from getting in. Easy to handle and clean by using nanotechnology.
-* '''Glass''': Titanium dioxide (TiO2)is used in nanoparticle form to coat glazing since it has sterilizing and anti-fouling properties. The particles catalyze powerful reactions which breakdown organic pollutants, volatile organic compounds and bacterial membranes. In addition, TiO2 is hydrophilic and this attraction to water forms sheets out of rain drops which then wash off the dirt particles broken down in the previous process.
-[http://www.nanoforum.org/dateien/temp/Nanotech%20and%20Construction%20Nanoforum%20report.pdf?22052008075427 Source link]
-=== '''Coatings''' ===
+== Carbon Nanotubes ==
-Nanotechnology is being applied to paints and insulating properties, produced by the addition of nano-sized cells, pores and particles, giving very limited paths for thermal conduction, are currently available. This type of paint is used, at present, for corrosion protection under insulation since it is hydrophobic and repels water from the metal pipe and can also protect metal from salt water attack.
+[[Image:carbonnanotubes.png|Right|200 px|thumb|3D model of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes]]
-* '''Categorization by application'''
+Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) are cylindrical shaped allotrope of carbon with
-#Cross Cutting
+length to diameter ratio exceeding 1,000,000.
-#Food and Beverage
-#Home Furnishings
-#Personal Care
-#Pets
-#Sporting Goods
-#Paint
-#Clothing
-#Filtration
-#Automotive
-#Construction Materials
-#Electronics and Computers
-[http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/browse/categories/cross_cutting/coatings/ Source link]
+Such cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make
+them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology,
+electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. They
+exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties,
+and are efficient conductors of heat.
-=== '''Products search''' ===
+=== Types ===
-* Search Strategy
+[[Image:swcnt.jpg|right|200 px|thumb|Vectors representing orientation of three types of Single-walled CNT's]]
-# Product Search
+[[Image:dwcnt.jpg|right|200 px|thumb|A Double-walled CNT formed by multiple Single-walled CNTs]]
-# Database Search
+# '''[http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/ntproperties/equilibriumstructure.html Single-walled CNT's]''': This type of nanotube can be formed by rolling Graphene sheet. Graphene is a single planar sheet of sp²-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Types of Single-walled CNT's:
-# Conference and Tradeshows Search
+#* Zig-zag(n,0)
+#* Armchair(n,n)
+#* Chiral(2n,n)
+# '''[http://www.nanotech-now.com/nanotube-buckyball-sites.htm Multi-walled]''': Multi-walled nanotubes(MWNT) consist of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to form a tube shape.
+# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene Fullerite]''': Fullerites are the solid-state manifestation of fullerenes and related compounds and materials. Being highly incompressible nanotube forms, polymerized single-walled nanotubes (P-SWNT) are a class of fullerites and are comparable to diamond in terms of hardness.
+# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus Torus]''': A nanotorus is a theoretically described carbon nanotube bent into a torus (doughnut shape).
+# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanobud Nanobud]''': The material fullerene-like "buds" are covalently bonded to the outer sidewalls of the underlying carbon nanotube. This hybrid material has useful properties of both fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
-=== '''Sample Analysis''' ===
+=== Properties ===
-{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+::* '''Physical Properties'''
-|align = "center"|'''S.No.'''
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="65%"
-|align = "center"|'''Product Name'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Material'''
-|align = "center"|'''Company Name'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Young<nowiki>’</nowiki>s modulus''' (GPa)
-|align = "center"|'''Category'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Tensile Strength''' (GPa)
-|align = "center"|'''Image'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Density''' (g/cm3)
-|align = "center"|'''Specifications'''
 |-
-|align = "right"|1
+|align = "center"|Single wall nanotube
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nanosafeguard.com/index.php?main_page=page&id=19&chapter=0 NanoSafeguard Flooring Sealant (Heavy duty)]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|1054
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanosafeguard.com/ Nanosafeguard]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|150
-|Ceramics
+|align = "center"|N/A
-|&nbsp;
-[[Image:111m.jpg|align centre|200 px]]
-|1) Contains microscopic ceramic particles 2) It surround all open pores and prevent contaminants from getting in. 3) The sealant forms an invisible, dirt-resistant and UV-stable coating that repels water, oil and other liquids; helps prevent the adhesion of dirt, wet leaves, loam and other pollutants; and promotes cleanliness and hygiene by reducing bacterial build-up. 4) Can be easily cleaned, water is often sufficient to clear dirt and other contaminants.5) NanoSafeguard Flooring Sealant is free from silicone, wax and oil, which can diminish the longevity of the sealant.
 |-
-|align = "right"|2
+|align = "center"|Multi wall nanotube
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.inocermic.de/en/prod_solgel_e.html Sol-Gel Coatings]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|1200
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.inocermic.de/ Inocermic]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|150
-|Ceramics
+|align = "center"|2.6
-|&nbsp;
-[[Image:222m.jpg|centre|200px]]
-|High gloss, easy to clean, sealed pores, acid and lye resistance, resistance against industrial cleaners and organic solvents, sufficient abrasion resistance, weather durability.
 |-
-|align = "right"|3
+|align = "center"|Steel
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nichiha.com/prod_nano.htm Nano self cleaning fibre cement panels]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|208
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nichiha.com/ Nichiha]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|0.4
-|Ceramics
+|align = "center"|7.8
-|&nbsp;
-[[Image:333m.jpg|centre|200 px]]
-|1) Micro finish captures air born water molecules. These molecules create a microscopic film of water that resists dirt/soot from adhering to the finish. 2) Dirt/soot particles adhere to microscopic film of water and are then washed away with rain water.
 |-
-|align = "right"|4
+|align = "center"|Epoxy
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.smt.sandvik.com/nanoflex Sandvik Nanoflex]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|3.5
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.smt.sandvik.com/ Sandvik]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|0.005
-|Metallic (Steel)
+|align = "center"|1.25
-|N/A
-|1) Based on advanced nanotechnology, the quasi crystaline particle redefines what before was thought of as not possible. 2) Good corrosion resistance 3) Nanoflex has an intermediate strength which is further increased by an additional low-temperature heat treatment. 4) Lack of distortion after final low-temperature hardening. Very complex and robust shapes become feasible – even when the dimensional tolerances specified are extremely tight. 5) Excellent alternative to titanium, aluminum and carbon fiber, all of which suffer from individual disadvantages.<br>6) Very small particles, measuring 1-10 nanometers, are formed during heat treatment. These particles are extremely hard and are embedded in a tough matrix. The result is an unmatched combination of strength and resilience.  7) Higher corrosion resistance in aqueous solutions than ordinary stainless steels, such as ASTM type 304. 8) The Sandvik Nanoflex® tube offers a 19% weight reduction compared to its titanium counterpart.
 |-
-|align = "right"|5
+|align = "center"|Wood
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mmfx.com/prod_steel.shtml MMFX2 Steel]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|16
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mmfx.com/index.shtml MMFX]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|0.008
-|Metallic (Steel)
+|align = "center"|0.6
-|&nbsp;
-[[Image:444m.jpg|centre|200 px]]
-|1) Superior strength, corrosion resistance, 2) MMFX steels can be produced up to three times as strong as conventional reinforcing steels. 3) MMFX steels are extremely high-strength and at the same time maintain high levels of ductility, allowing these steels to be integrated into applications demanding these combined properties. 4) MMFX steels maintain excellent mechanical behavior at temperatures below -200°F. 5) Due to MMFX proprietary microstructure, these steels exhibit substantial improvement in crack, impact, and fatigue resistance over conventional reinforcing steels.
 |-
-|align = "right"|6
+|}
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.ecologycoatings.com/applications_metals.asp Ecologycoatings]</u></font>
+[http://www.applied-nanotech.com/cntproperties.htm Source link]
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.ecologycoatings.com/ Ecologycoatings]</u></font>
+::* '''Electrical Properties''': Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties. For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is metallic, otherwise the nanotube is a semiconductor. Thus all armchair (n=m) nanotubes are metallic, and nanotubes (5,0), (6,4), (9,1), etc. are semiconducting. In theory, metallic nanotubes can have an electrical current density more than 1,000 times greater than metals such as silver and copper.
-|Coatings (Automotive)
-|&nbsp;
-N/A
-|1)Ecology Coatings is able to offer a coating for metals that is 100% solids that is UV curable. Also, attaining desired pigmentation is typically thermally dependent. Ecology Coatings is able to achieve desired pigmentation under a UV Curable situation. 2)Thermally independent curing process
+=== Method of fabrication ===
+::* '''[http://nanotube.msu.edu/synthesis/ca.html Arc discharge]''': It is the simplest and most commonly used method of producing Carbon nanotubes.    This method creates CNTs through arc-vaporization of two carbon rods placed end to end, separated by approximately 1mm, in an enclosure that is usually filled with inert gas (helium, argon) at low pressure (between 50 and 700 mbar).
+::* '''[http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1561 Laser ablation]''': In 1996, a dual-pulsed laser vaporization technique was developed, which produced SWNTs in gram quantities and yields of >70wt% purity.  Samples were prepared by laser vaporization of graphite rods with a 50:50 catalyst mixture of Co and Ni (particle size ~1um) at 1200oC in flowing argon, followed by heat treatment in a vacuum at 1000oC to remove the C60 and other fullerenes.
+::* '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_vapor_deposition Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)]''':Large amounts of CNTs can be formed by catalytic CVD of acetylene over Co and Fe catalysts supported on silica or zeolite.
+== Application of Carbon nanotubes ==
+::* '''Polymer Composites''': The first realized major commercial application of MWNTs is their use as electrically conducting components in polymer composites.Depending on the polymer matrix, conductivities of 0.01 to 0.1 S/cm can be obtained for 5% loading; much lower conductivity levels suffice for dissipating electrostatic charge. The low loading levels and the nanofiber morphology of the MWNTs allow electronic conductivity to be achieved while avoiding or minimizing degradation of other performance aspects, such as mechanical properties and the low melt flow viscosity needed for thin-wall molding applications.
+::* '''Electrochemical devices''': Because of the high electrochemically accessible surface area of porous nanotube arrays, combined with their high electronic conductivity and useful mechanical properties, these materials are attractive as electrodes for devices that use electrochemical double-layer charge injection.
+::* '''Hydrogen storage''': Nanotubes have been long heralded as potentially useful for hydrogen storage (for example, for fuel cells that power electric vehicles or laptop computers).
+::* '''Field emission devices''': Industrial and academic research activity on electronic devices has focused principally on using SWNTs and MWNTs as field emission electron sources for flat panel displays, lamps, gas discharge tubes providing surge protection, and x-ray and microwave generators.
+::* '''Nanometer-sized electronic devices''':
+::* '''Sensors and probes''': Possible chemical sensor applications of nonmetallic nanotubes are interesting, because nanotube electronic transport and thermopower (voltages between junctions caused by interjunction temperature differences) are very sensitive to substances that affect the amount of injected charge.The main advantages are the minute size of the nanotube sensing element and the correspondingly small amount of material required for a response.
+[http://www.eikos.com/articles/carbnano_routetoapp.pdf Source link]
+[[Image:Carbon Nanotube1.jpg|700 px|center|thumb|Map categorization for CNT]]
+== Top ongoing projects on CNT's ==
+::*  The Ajayan group is using carbon nanotubes as templates and molds for fabricating nanowires, composites, and novel ceramic fibers.[http://www.rpi.edu/locker/38/001238/INDEX.HTM]
+::* Dai group discovered how to grow nanotubes in specific directions and orientations on substrates using a chemical vapor deposition process.[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/chemistry/faculty/dai/group/]
+::* Smalley group is developing methods of production, purification, derivitization, analysis, and assembly of nanotubes to solve real world problems. [http://smalley.rice.edu/]
+::* Sun Research group is researching on polymeric nanocomposite materials based on carbon nanotubes and semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. [http://www.ces.clemson.edu/lemt/research.htm]
+::* Accelerator Laboratory,  the University of Helsinki is researching on Ion irradiation as a tool for studying and modifying properties of carbon nanotubes.[http://beam.acclab.helsinki.fi/nanotubes/]
+== IP Activity on carbon nanotubes ==
+* Number of patents filled on nanotubes are increasing exponentially by years.
+* Last year i.e 2007, around 1450 patents are filled in this field.
+[[Image:report11.jpg|700px|center|thumb|IP Activity by year]]
+* Major IPC classes with description is given.
+[[Image:report3.jpg|700px|center|thumb|Top IPC]]
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|S. no.
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|IPC Classification
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Description
+|-
+|align = "center"|1
+|align = "center"|H01J
+|align = "center"|ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
+|-
+|align = "center"|2
+|align = "center"|C01B
+|align = "center"|NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
+|-
+|align = "center"|3
+|align = "center"|H01L
+|align = "center"|SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES
+|-
+|align = "center"|4
+|align = "center"|B82B
+|align = "center"|NANOTECHNOLOGY
+|-
+|align = "center"|5
+|align = "center"|H01M
+|align = "center"|BATTERIES OR FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
+|-
+|align = "center"|6
+|align = "center"|B01J
+|align = "center"|CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
+|-
+|align = "center"|7
+|align = "center"|D01F
+|align = "center"|CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES, OR RIBBONS AND APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
+|-
+|align = "center"|8
+|align = "center"|G01N
+|align = "center"|INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
+|-
+|align = "center"|9
+|align = "center"|B32B
+|align = "center"|LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
+|-
+|align = "center"|10
+|align = "center"|C08K
+|align = "center"|USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS
 |-
 |}
-===<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>===
+* Hon Hai Prec Ind Co leads the number of patent filing by a great margin with their competitors.
+* Samsung Electronics and Samsung SDI Co. Ltd. together contributes 148 patents.
+[[Image:report4.jpg|700px|center|thumb|Top Assignee]]
+==<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>==
 <p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br>
 '''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p>
@@ Line 133: / Line 276: @@
 |}
 <br>
-=== Product databases ===
+== Sample Analysis ==
+* Below is the link for sample spreadsheet analysis for Carbon nanotubes.
+[[Media:Sample taxomomy for carbon nano tubes.xls|Sample analysis on carbon nanotubes]]
+== Dashboard ==
+=== Dashboard Snapshots ===
+[[Image:dashboard1.jpg|center|800px]]
+[[Image:dashboard2.jpg|center|800px]]
+[[Image:dashboard3.jpg|center|800px]]
+=== Link to Dashboard ===
+[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=274 Dashboard for CNTs]
+== Carbon nanotube in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps (IPC H01J) ==
+=== IP Map ===
+[[Image:Discharge lamps.jpg|500px|center|thumb|Map for electron emitter devices]]
+=== IP Activity on carbon nanotubes in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps ===
+[[Image:report6.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|IP activity by year]]
+[[Image:report5.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|Top Assignee]]
+=== Analysis ===
 {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
-|align = "center"|S.No
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.no'''
-|align = "center"|Database
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignee / Applicant'''
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Title'''
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Description of the device'''
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Use of CNT in it'''
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Technology Area'''
 |-
-|align = "center"|1.
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|1
-|align = "center"|[http://www.dmoz.org/Business/Materials/Nanomaterials/ Dmoz]
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7336028.PN.&OS=PN/7336028&RS=PN/7336028 US7336028B2]
+|align = "justify"|Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.
+|align = "justify"|Electron emission device having multi-layered gate electrode structure
+|align = "justify"|A multilayered electron emission device is described with a predetermined gap between the electrodes.
+|align = "justify"|Electron emission sources can be made up of CNTs.
+|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
 |-
-|align = "center"|2.
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|2
-|align = "center"|[http://www.nanocafes.org/nanoproducts Nanocafes]
+|align = "justify"|US7315129B2
+|align = "justify"|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
+|align = "justify"|Plasma producing apparatus and doping apparatus
+|align = "justify"|A plasma chamber anad plasma appratus is described with two electrodes and sustrate and CNTs.
+|align = "justify"|CNTs are on the surface of the cathode electrode.
+|align = "justify"|Plasma Appratus
 |-
-|align = "center"|3.
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|3
-|align = "center"|[http://www.nanoingermany.com/smr/content/start/exhibition_id/9/ Nano in germany]
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7307432.PN.&OS=PN/7307432&RS=PN/7307432 US7307432B2]
+|align = "justify"|Yokogawa Electric Corporation
+|align = "justify"|Electron beam generating apparatus and optical sampling apparatus using the same
+|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus with electrodes with deflection electrode and charge detection section.
+|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
+|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus.
 |-
-|align = "center"|4.
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|4
-|align = "center"|[http://www.nanoproducts.de/index.php?mp=main&file=shop&cPath=8&OOSSID=9eaa8cd942f9f38845a7c1c4858521b8 Nanoproducts.de]
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7306503.PN.&OS=PN/7306503&RS=PN/7306503 US7306503B2]
+|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
+|align = "justify"|Method and apparatus of fixing carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process
+|align = "justify"|Appratus for manufacturing substate with carbon nanotubes in it.
+|align = "justify"|Arc dischage method is involved for producing CNTs and hence  forming it on substrate.
+|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
 |-
-|align = "center"|5.
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|5
-|align = "center"|[http://www.nanowerk.com/ Nanowerk]
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7259510.PN.&OS=PN/7259510&RS=PN/7259510 US7259510B1]
+|align = "justify"|Agere Systems Inc.
+|align = "justify"|On-chip vacuum tube device and process for making device
+|align = "justify"|Microwave vacuum tube is described with electrodes and CNTs.
+|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
+|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
 |-
-|align = "center"|6.
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|6
-|align = "center"|[http://productsearch.machinedesign.com/SpecSearch/MatchingProducts?Comp=3901&QID=10940512&VID=248083 Machine design]
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7232987.PN.&OS=PN/7232987&RS=PN/7232987 US7232987B2]
+|align = "justify"|None
+|align = "justify"|Instrument and method to measure available light energy for photosynthesis
+|align = "justify"|A device to calculate and filter amout of light required and available for photosynthesis of plants.
+|align = "justify"|Photovoltaic material is made up of carbon nanotubes.
+|align = "justify"|Optical Instrument
 |-
-|align = "center"|7.
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|7
-|align = "center"|[http://productsearch.machinedesign.com/SpecSearch/MatchingProducts?Comp=3901&QID=10940512&VID=248083 Nanoshop]
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161148.PN.&OS=PN/7161148&RS=PN/7161148 US7161148B1]
+|align = "justify"|Crystals and Technologies, Ltd.
+|align = "justify"|Tip structures, devices on their basis, and methods for their preparation
+|align = "justify"| A tip structure for an electron emissive device or a scanning probe device is described.
+|align = "justify"|At least one link of the tip structure is made up of Carbon naotubes.
+|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
 |-
-|align = "center"|8.
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|8
-|align = "center"|[http://search.globalspec.com/ Globalspec]
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7175494.PN.&OS=PN/7175494&RS=PN/7175494 US7175494B1]
+|align = "justify"|cDream Corporation
+|align = "justify"|Forming carbon nanotubes at lower temperatures suitable for an electron-emitting device
+|align = "justify"|An electron emission device is described comprising of carbon nanotubes.
+|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured at 300° C. to 500° C which makes them compatible with the thermal stress of the underlying substrate.
+|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
 |-
-|align = "center"|9.
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|9
-|align = "center"|[http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/browse/categories/ Nanoprojects]
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161286.PN.&OS=PN/7161286&RS=PN/7161286 US7161286B2]
+|align = "justify"|Tsinghua University <nowiki>|</nowiki> Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.
+|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotube array and method for making same
+|align = "justify"|A carbon nanotube-based device is described which includes a substrate and number of catalytic nano-sized particles.
+|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured on the substrate.
+|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
+|-
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|10
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7145528.PN.&OS=PN/7145528&RS=PN/7145528 US7145528B2]
+|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
+|align = "justify"|Display device and driving and controlling method therefor
+|align = "justify"|A display device with display panel is described and use of electron emitters.
+|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
+|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
+|-
+|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|11
+|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7115863.PN.&OS=PN/7115863&RS=PN/7115863 US7115863B1]
+|align = "justify"|Hitachi, Ltd.
+|align = "justify"|Probe for scanning probe lithography and making method thereof
+|align = "justify"|A probe of scanning probe lithography is described
+|align = "justify"|Shaft of the probe is made up of Carbon nanaotubes.
+|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
 |-
 |}
-=== Conferences and tradeshows list ===
+[[Media:Analysis_electrical.xls|Sample Analysis on use of Carbon nanotubes in discharge tubes and discharge lamps]]
+[[Image:Analysis1.jpg|600px|center|thumb|Sample Analysis for discharge tubes and discharge lamps patents(30 patents)]]
+== Key Players ==
+=== Universities ===
+* Universities play an important role in research and that's why it needs to be analyzed.
+* Only 245 patents are filled by the universities research division.
+* But companies are dependent on them for research activities.
+* The analysis will give the insight of most involved university in terms of research on Carbon nanotubes.
+[[Image:report2.jpg|700 px|center|Top Universities|thumb|Number of patents by universities in Carbon nanotubes area]]
+=== Companies ===
+* Large number of companies are now moving into this area.
+* Number of startups are coming into the picture.
 {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
-|align = "center"|'''S. no'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Top Companies
-|align = "center"|'''Conference'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Number of patents filled
+|-
+|align = "center"|[http://www.foxconn.com/ Hon Hai Prec Ind Co]
+|align = "center"|118
+|-
+|align = "center"|[http://www.samsung.com Samsung Electronics]
+|align = "center"|77
+|-
+|align = "center"|[http://www.samsungsdi.com/contents/kr/main.jsp Samsung SDI Co. Ltd.]
+|align = "center"|71
+|-
+|align = "center"|[http://www.sony.com Sony Corp.]
+|align = "center"|70
+|-
+|align = "center"|[http://www.toray.com/ Toray Industry]
+|align = "center"|69
+|-
+|align = "center"|[http://www.fujitsu.com/global/ Fujitsu Ltd.]
+|align = "center"|68
+|-
+|align = "center"|[http://www.nec.com/ Nippon Electric Co.]
+|align = "center"|64
+|-
+|align = "center"|[http://www.itri.org.tw/eng/research/nano/index.jsp Ind Tech Res Inst]
+|align = "center"|62
+|-
+|align = "center"|[http://www.imm.ac.cn/en/index.html Nat Inst for Materia]
+|align = "center"|59
+|-
+|align = "center"|Others
+|align = "center"|58
+|-
+|}
+== Market Research ==
+=== Nanotechnology market ===
+* Nanotechnology is a growing market.
+* Lux Research (a market research company in nanotechnology) believes that market will reach from $13 billion in 2005 to $292 billion in 2010.
+* In 2015 market for nano materials will reach to $340 billion and electronics market will reach to $300 billion.
+* US nanotech funding has increased from $270 million to $850 million.
+[[Image:lux1.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|Predictions of market by Lux research]]
+[[Image:lux3.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|US funding]]
+[[Image:lux2.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|Market by different categories]]
+=== Carbon Nanotubes market ===
+* Market size will increase from $6 million in 2004 to $1,070 million in 2014.
+[[Image:marketresearch.jpg|300 px|center|thumb|Carbon nanotubes market estimate]]
+== Published Papers ==
+* Academic papers published on carbon nanotubes have been on the rise and patent filings have been keeping up with this upswing, says a review in the journal Science.
+* According to the review, around 1,500 scientific papers were published in 2001 compared to about 1,100 in 2000 and around 700 in 1999.
+[http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2002/09/materials_nanot.html?t=archive Source]
+== SWOT analysis on nanotechnology ==
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Strength'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Weakness'''
 |-
-|align = "center"|1
+|align = "center"|In nanomaterials research and development
-|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2008/ NSTI]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|Critical issues(ecological meltdown,poverty and disease)
 |-
-|align = "center"|2
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In biomimetics research
-|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanoingermany.com/smr/content/start/exhibition_id/9/ Nanoingermany]</u></font>
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Lack of planet friendly scorecard for research
 |-
-|align = "center"|3
+|align = "center"|In nanoelectronics and IT research including quantum computing
-|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.nanokorea.or.kr/2008/eng/index.php Nanokorea]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|No clear technology transfer routes to the less developed world.
 |-
-|align = "center"|4
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In nanophotovoltaic research
-|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.allconferences.com/Science/Nanotechnology/ Database for all conferences on nanotechnology]</u></font>
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Fragmented research infrastructure
 |-
+|align = "center"|In nanosensors research and development
+|align = "center"|Nationally variable industry pull through
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In strong industrial base in instrumentation
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Variable incentives/cultures for supporting start-ups
+|-
+|align = "center"|In nanomedicine
+|align = "center"|Funding slow and bureaucratic
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In cultural differences resulting in imaginative approaches to results
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|No wide support for individual genius
+|-
+|align = "center"|In the ability to work in teams
+|align = "center"|Academic research often lags industry
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Acceleration of new company formation underway
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Funding may be duplicated
+|-
+|align = "center"|Openness in developing and adopting environmentally friendly techniques
+|align = "center"|Lack of fiscal incentives for environmentally friendly techniques;also lack of legal incentives
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Openness to developing technologies for the less developed regions
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Critically slow emergence of technology from the research base
+|-
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|Lack of skilled staff
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Opportunities'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Threats'''
+|-
+|align = "center"|The exploitation of planet and people friendly research
+|align = "center"|Brain drain in life sciences,electronics,software and engineering
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Development of widely available technologies(sensors,renewable energy,medicine etc.)
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Public backlash to nanotechnology
+|-
+|align = "center"|Creation of new technologies(medical and non-medical)
+|align = "center"|Too little,too late, of the technologies that matter
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Reduction animal experimentation through cell-base toxicity testing
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|&nbsp;
+|-
+|align = "center"|Critical niche opportunities in areas such as lab-on-a-chip and sensor technology
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
 |}
-=== '''Initial Taxonomy for preliminary results''' ===
+== Conferences ==
-[[Image:Construction Materials3.jpg|800 px|centre]]
+* Major Conferences
-Dolcera will analyze and search products according to the above databases, tradeshows and taxonomy.
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.no.'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Conference'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Location'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Date'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Email'''
+|-
+|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|1
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2008/ Nanotech 2008 - 11th Annual NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show]</u></font>
+|Boston,USA
+|1-5June, 2008
+|bfr@nsti.org
+|-
+|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|2
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanoeurope.com/ NanoEurope 2008]</u></font>
+|St.Gallen, Switzerland
+|16-17 Sep, 2008
+|joerg.guettinger@ncb.ch
+|-
+|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|3
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanotech.net/node/2 Nanotech Northern Europe 2008]</u></font>
+|Copenhagen,Denmark
+|23-25 Sep, 2008
+|katriina.forsstrom@spinverse.com
+|-
+|}
+* Complete list of Nanotechnology Conferences
+http://www.allconferences.com/Science/Nanotechnology/
+==<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>==
+<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br>
+'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p>
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
+|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center"  colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]'''
+|-
+| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
+|-
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
+|-
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
+|-
+|}
+<br>
 ==Contact Dolcera==

Difference between pages "Metallic and Ceramic construction materials" and "Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)"

Revision as of 22:39, 5 August 2009

Contents

Introduction

Nanotechnology

Run of Nanotechnology

Applications of Nanotechnology

Carbon Nanotubes

Types

Properties

Method of fabrication

Application of Carbon nanotubes

Top ongoing projects on CNT's

IP Activity on carbon nanotubes

Like this report?

Sample Analysis

Dashboard

Dashboard Snapshots

Link to Dashboard

Carbon nanotube in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps (IPC H01J)

IP Map

IP Activity on carbon nanotubes in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps

Analysis

Key Players

Universities

Companies

Market Research

Nanotechnology market

Carbon Nanotubes market

Published Papers

SWOT analysis on nanotechnology

Conferences

Like this report?

Contact Dolcera

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