Difference between pages "Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)" and "Pressure sensitive adhesives"

Latest revision as of 05:43, 27 July 2015

1 Dashboard
2 Overview
3 Application of PSA
4 Making of PSAs
- 4.1 Effect of important parameters on PSA making and performance
5 PSA performance measurement
6 PSA products
7 Recycling issues with PSA
8 Search strategy
9 Market Information
10 Intellectual Property
- 10.1 Patent Search Table
11 Like this report?
12 Key findings
13 Analysis Sheet
14 Like this report?
15 Contact Dolcera

Dashboard

Dolcera dashboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link Dolcera Dashboard for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives.

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Overview

Pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA, self adhesive, self stick adhesive) is adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied to marry the adhesive with the adherend. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive. It is used in pressure sensitive tapes, labels, note pads, automobile trim, and a wide variety of other products.

As the name "pressure sensitive" indicates, the degree of bond is influenced by the amount of pressure which is used to apply the adhesive to the surface.

Surface factors such as smoothness, surface energy, removal of contaminants, etc. are also important to proper bonding.

PSAs are usually designed to form a bond and hold properly at room temperatures. PSAs typically reduce or lose their tack at cold temperatures and reduce their shear holding ability at high temperatures: Specialty adhesives are made to function at high or low temperatures. It is important to choose an adhesive formulation which is designed for its intended use conditions.

Surface Energy

Measuring of Surface Energy

Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. Source

Low Surface Energy Substrates

Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. Source

Adhesion

Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.Source

Application of PSA

Application in electronics and electrical industry

Electrical grade PSAs are critical components in the design many of today's electrical and electronic components in the electrical industry. The construction of this type of PSA is difficult since lower concentration of conductive filler must be used in order to prevent the drying out of polymer by the conductive filler, with attendant loss of tack. The conductivity of electrically conductive PSA in the direction of pressure action is to a certain extend depend on the direction of pressure applied Florian, 2003

Electrical grade PSAs are designed and manufactured using materials using material that are physically and chemically stable in the presence of humidity and electrical stress. The acrylic high tack PSAs works very well in static and dynamic joints. The PSA agents are used in three forms i.e. modified aqueous dispersions or solutions in different solvents and as hot melts adhesives. PSA tapes find application in electronic assemblies Reliability of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tapes for Heat Sink Attachment in Air-Cooled Electronic Assemblies

PSA tapes

Application in automobile industry

While mechanical fasteners will always be the choice when maximum torque and linear force are required in automobile industry, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) can often provide a better method of joining or bonding than traditional screws, nuts, bolts, rivets and welds.

The design, performance, and production reasons for replacing mechanical or fusion fastening methods with PSAs include, but are not limited to:

Distributing stress over the entire bonded area: The concentrated stress of mechanical fasteners can be eliminated and design engineers can specify lighter, thinner materials without sacrificing durability and product integrity.
Bonding dissimilar materials: The ability to bond two totally different substrates can yield a superior combination for product strength and performance. PSAs are an ideal counterbalance for varying factors of expansion between surfaces, such as laminating layers of metal.
Maintaining assembled substrate integrity: Less machining and finishing means more latitude for design engineers and improved aesthetics for greater consumer appeal.
Incorporating fatigue resistance: PSAs bring great flexibility, allowing for high extension and recovery under heavy loads.
Durability by design: PSAs fill voids and gaps and can bond loose-fitting parts.

Increasing production efficiency: PSAs reduce material requirements, provide product weight reduction, require fewer assembly and finishing steps, and minimize training FLEXcon white paper

Medical applications

There are two essential requirements of medical PSAs, that they should stick firmly to a difficult substrate (skin) and that they should be easily and cleanly removed from that substrate when desired. These requirements would seem to be in conflict: a high peel force usually signals the ability to stick firmly, while a low force is needed when removing dressings by peeling.

A number of ways have been considered to resolve this conflict. These may be divided into two broad categories: those that make the best of existing PSA technology, broadly taking a physical approach, and those that introduce novel chemistry into the process. Physical approaches consider such details as the dependence of peel force on peel angle, peel rate, backing materials, the deformation of the skin during peeling and use of barrier films and solvents. As an alternative to simply making the best of the physics of the peeling process, various workers have devised chemical systems for making the adhesive less strongly adhering at the time of removal. These systems usually consist of introducing a ‘switch’ mechanism into a strongly adhering adhesive so that its adherence may be reduced significantly at the time of removal by operation of the ‘switch’. Means of activating the ‘switch’ include: heat (warming or cooling), application of water via an absorbent backing and exposure to visible light. These may produce physical or chemical changes in the adhesive Chivers, 2001

PSAs drive transdermal delivery

Transdermal or through-the-skin delivery of drugs has assumed an important place in drug therapy, eliminating many of the shortcomings of syringes and pills. Active Transdermal Delivery Systems The three most commonly used adhesives used for transdermal delivery are polyisobutylenes, polyacrylates and silicones Tan and Pfister, 1999

Delivery to skin

In a typical disk drive, PSAs are applied to the base casting to secure the motor-mounting flange and motor assembly

Application in aerospace industry

Aerospace manufacturers uses PSAs to assemble sheet-metal components into sub assemblies. The aerospace industry, primarily satellite manufacturers, have expressed the need for a low outgas, thermally stable, adhesive tape which can work at both high, 175ºC, and low, -100ºC, temperatures. New silicone PSA was fabricated to pass, low outgassing requirements of 1% or less Total Mass Loss (TML) and 0.1% or less Collectable Volatile Condensable Materials (CVCM) Riegler, 2005.

Making of PSAs

Although PSPs can be obtained by different polymerization processes (i.e., emulsion, solution, hot-melt, or radiation curing), much attention has recently been devoted to the utilization of more environmentally friendly processes such as emulsion polymerization. Soft polymer networks are commonly used as previous termpressure sensitive adhesivesnext term (PSAs). This is due to their unique ability to deform and yet to resist flow. These contradictory requirements indicate that the mechanical properties are finely tuned, and that the types of deformation upon application are carefully considered. Variety of PSAs can be prepared by mixing a linear vinyl terminated polymer with a silane terminated f-functional cross-linker. Jensen et al., 2009

Sr. No.	PSA process	Chemical composition	Time of launch
1	Solvent-based	Rubber/resin, acrylics, silicones	Since 19th century
2	Hot-melt	Block copolymers, acrylics	1940s
3	Emulsion (water)-based	Acrylics, natural and synthetic rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer	1970s
4	Radiation-cured	Acrylics, rubber	1970s

Sr. No.	Properties	Solvent-based: acrylic	Hot-melt: styrene-isobutylene-styrene.	Emulsion based: acrylics
1	PS performance	Excellent	Excellent	Very good
2	Ease of compounding	Moderate	Difficult	Easy
3	Formulation flexibility	Limited	Excellent	Moderate
4	Coating method flexibility	Limited	Poor	Excellent
5	Ease of changeover	Limited	Poor	Excellent
6	PSA reproducibility	Excellent	Limited	Excellent
7	Aging properties	Excellent	Poor	Excellent
8	Clarity/color	Excellent	Poor	Excellent
9	Safety/toxicity	Poor	Poor	Excellent
10	Raw material costs	High	Low	Medium
11	Coating/compounding costs	High	Medium	Low

Effect of important parameters on PSA making and performance

Effect of polymer molecular weight and crosslinking reactions on the end-use properties of PSAs

In a study wherein polymer molecular weight and polymer microstructure were regulated using different chain transfer agent (CTA) concentrations and by addition of a diacrylic monomer (MM) it was shown that all of the measured adhesion properties strongly depend on molecular weight of the synthesized polymer and on the amount of gel phase Kajtna et al., 2009

Effect of composition on Mechanical behaviours and fracture energy of PSAs

In a study it was shown that the mechanical behaviour depend on their composition but majority of fracture energy is dissipated on the first millimetre near the bending zone where fibrils elongation is maximum. Observations of interfaces between PSAs and glass substrate underline that fracture energy varies linearly according to the contact area Horgnies et al., 2007

Effect of tackifier on PSAs

To study the effect of tackifier (such as hydrogenated cyclo-aliphatic resin) a model system consisting of polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene triblock copolymer was prepared. Tackifier increased the peel adhesion significantly and the increase became stronger above 40 wt% tackifier. The higher peel adhesion was obtained in the system with the larger amount of agglomerates of tackifier in the polyisoprene matrix. Sasaki et al., 2008

Effect of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration in making of PSAs

In a study it was shown that a constant cross-linker concentration, one can manipulate the polymer micro-structure by adding varying amounts of chain transfer agent. Three examples of these micro-structures are depicted below which show a tight gel network with long-chain sol polymers, a loose gel network with shorter sol polymers, and an imperfect gel structure with highly branched sol polymers. By manipulating the micro-structure, previous termpressure-sensitive adhesivenext term performance can be affected. Qie and Dube, 2010

Effect of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration in making of PSAs

Effect of flexible substrates on PSAs performance

The fracture energy (fracture toughness) of tapes during globally elastic unpeeling is often calculated from the relation G=P/b(1−cos θ). A study suggested that this expression is correct for elastic peeling from rigid substrates but it gives misleading results when peeling from reversible flexible substrates. Steven-Fountain et al., 2002

PSA performance measurement

PSAs polymeric materials effect tack, peel and shear strength . Inherent properties such as copolymer composition and microstructure, molecular weight and distribution are among the most influential factors affecting PSA properties directly as well as indirectly through their influence on physical properties (e.g., the glass transition temperature, Tg) and thus, rheological properties of the polymer (e.g., viscoelastic regions, moduli).

Therefore, PSA is the result of a fine balance between these three major, interrelated properties.

Tack

It is a measure of the force required to remove, say a foam gasket and its adhesive, from the substrate. It usually refers to the initial attraction of the adhesive to the substrate. Tack can be measured by four basic methods these are loop tack, rolling ball, Quick stick and probe measurement devices. Review Of Methods For The Measurement Of Tack

Peel strength

Peel strength is measured as a force required to remove a standard PSA strip from a specified test surface under a standard test angle (e.g., 90° or 180°) under standard conditions. Much like tack, manufacturers control adhesion to create different products based on user requirements. After a PSA has been applied to the substrate, adhesion continues to increase for a period of time — typically 24 hr.

Shear strength

Shear strength is the internal or cohesive strength of the adhesive mass. Usually, it is determined as the length of time it takes for a standard strip of PSA to fall from a test panel after application of a load. Usually, tack and adhesion decrease as shear strength increases. Emulsion-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: A Review

PSA products

The most common products that utilize PSAs are tapes, labels, and protective films. The PSA sector is among the fastest growing in the adhesive market, making the search for new pressure-sensitive products (PSP) and applications highly competitive.

PSA tapes: Self-adhesive materials usually produced by coating an adhesive onto a carrier and used as a continuous web.

PSA labels: Self-adhesive laminated carrier materials. The self-adhesive layer is protected with a supplemental material (release liner).

Protective films: Carrier material possesses built-in or built-on self-adhesive properties.

Recycling issues with PSA

PSAs exact a considerable cost on the paper recycling industry, an estimated $700 million per year. Most paper recycling systems converts paper into pulp in presence of water, which is then transformed back into paper. PSAs do not dissolve in water, but rather fragment into smaller particles during the repulping process. These particles are known as stickies, get deformed under heat and pressure, making them difficult to screen or filter out of the pulp. Stickies can become lodged on papermaking and can cause damage to equipment or even in the paper. Source

Sr. No.	"Sticky" PSA Product	Alternative Product/Procedure
1	Address Labels	1. Print addresses directly on envelopes 2. Using glassine (cellulose) film window or filmless window envelopes, and print mailing addresses directly on the letter to show through the window. 3. Handprint addresses directly on large mailing envelopes..
2	Sticky Notes	1.Use scratch paper for notes and secure with paper clips.
3	Postage Stamps	1. Use moisture-activated postage stamps 2. Postal meter that prints postage directly on envelopes or that uses moisture-activated meter tape
4	File Folder Index Labels	1. Handprint file subjects directly on index tabs, instead of using an index label. When recycling file folders with index labels, tear off the index tab.
5	Closure Tabs	1. Sharply folding fliers and newsletters is often sufficient to send them safely and securely through the mail.

Search strategy

Search strategy last updated on: 7th January 2011

Sr. No.	Search string	Hits
Google
1	Pressure sensitive adhesive making	7,510,000
2	Pressure sensitive adhesive application	7,650,000
3	Pressure sensitive adhesive automobile	436,000
4	Pressure sensitive adhesive automotive	479,000
5	Pressure sensitive adhesive drug delivery	275,000
6	Pressure sensitive adhesive tack*	354,000
7	Pressure sensitive adhesive product	8,120,000
8	Pressure sensitive adhesive recycl*	447,000
Google scholar
1	Pressure sensitive adhesive making	21,50,000
2	Pressure sensitive adhesive application	21,50,000
Scirus
1	Pressure sensitive adhesive making	130,055
2	Pressure sensitive adhesive application	200,950
3	Pressure sensitive adhesive product	136,169
Sciencedirect
1	Pressure sensitive adhesive electronics	2,450
2	Pressure sensitive adhesive making	7,212
3	Pressure sensitive adhesive application	15,405
4	Pressure sensitive adhesive automobile	951
5	Pressure sensitive adhesive automotive	1,406
6	Pressure sensitive adhesive drug delivery	2,876
Springerlink
1	Pressure sensitive adhesive making	2,149
2	Pressure sensitive adhesive application	3,901
Google images
1	Pressure sensitive adhesive making	3,580,000
2	Pressure sensitive adhesive application	2,210,000
3	Pressure sensitive adhesive electronics	1,690,000

Market Information

According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. Source
Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. Source
The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent: The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. Source

According to World Adhesives File 2000-2005, the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” Source
Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

Market leaders by country are as follows:
- United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
- China
- Japan
- Germany
- UK
Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
- Henkel
- 3M
- Avery Denison
- HB Fuller
- National Starch
- Atofina

Intellectual Property

Patent Search Table

Patent search on Micropat Databases searched: USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
Query.No.	Searched Sections	Years Searched	Query	Hits
1	Claims, Title or Abstract	1836 – Date	(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil1 OR resin1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick) OR (radical ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))	76006
2	Claims, Title or Abstract	1836 – Date	(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate1 OR polymer OR compound OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface)) AND (polyolefin1 OR polyethylene1 OR polypropylene1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride) OR polytetrafluoroethylene1 OR polyester1 OR polyamide1 OR polyacetal1 OR polystyrene1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)	75602
3	Claims, Title or Abstract	1836 – Date	1 AND 2	2272

Total number of patents - 2272
Total number of unique patent families - 1483

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Taxonomy for analysis

Taxonomy map - Adhesion

Taxonomy for PSA composition

Taxonomy map - Adhesion

IP Activity

Major Competitors

Composition components matrix

Assignees	Rubber	Silicone	Polymers	Acrylic	Tackifying resin	Plasticizer oil	Carboxylic acids	Acid Esters	Priority Year	Patent numbers
3M Innovative Properties Company	x		x	x	x	x			2000	US6630531
	x		x	x	x				2000	US6632872
			x	x					2000	US6455634
			x	x				x	1993	US5612136
				x			x	x	1993	US5602221
American Tape Company	x					x			1997	US5798175
Ashland Oil, Inc.	x		x	x					1991	US5434213
Atlantic Richfield Company			x	x	x	x			1984	US4656213
	x		x	x	x				1996	US5817426
			x	x	x				1996	US5817426
	x			x					1997	US6461707
Coloplast	x		x		x				1980	US6437038
Dow Corning Corporation		x	x			x			1970	US5916981
		x	x						1990	US6337086
		x							1990	US6121368
		x	x						1994	US5561203
		x	x						1996	US5861472
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.			x		x				1993	US5714254
Fujikura Ltd.									2000	US6388556
General Electric Company		x	x						2000	US6387487
H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.	x		x	x	x	x			1996	US5741840
H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.	x		x		x				1997	US5869562
Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.	x		x		x	x			1981	US4335026
Nichiban Company Limited	x								1997	US6274235
None	x			x	x			x	1996	US20030136510
PPG Industries, Inc.	x		x	x			x		1996	US5776548
Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.	x								1992	US5760135

Technology Tree

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.

Key findings

In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface
In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g
Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.
Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.

Analysis Sheet

Sample Analysis Sheet

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Introduction ==
+==Dashboard==
+Dolcera dashboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard'''] for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives.
+[http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']
-=== Nanotechnology ===
+[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]
-Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices with critical dimensions that lie within that size range.
-=== Run of Nanotechnology ===
+==Overview==
-* '''December 29, 1959''': The first thought of Nanotechnology was given by Richard Feynman in "[http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom]" at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech.
+Pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA, self adhesive, self stick adhesive) is adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied to marry the adhesive with the adherend. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive. It is used in pressure sensitive tapes, labels, note pads, automobile trim, and a wide variety of other products.
-* '''September, 1981''': First technical paper published on molecular nanotechnology. The same year scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented.
-* '''1982-1990''':Books and prizes on nanotechnology. Atomic force microscope invented in 1986.
-* '''1991''': Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) discovered.
-* '''1997''': First company on nanotechnology founded, it's name is [http://www.zyvex.com/ Zyvex].
-* '''1998-2007''': Research, investment, conferences and meetings on nanotechnology.
-=== Applications of Nanotechnology ===
+As the name "pressure sensitive" indicates, the degree of bond is influenced by the amount of pressure which is used to apply the adhesive to the surface.
-It has or will have applications in almost all areas we can think of.
-{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+Surface factors such as smoothness, surface energy, removal of contaminants, etc. are also important to proper bonding.
-|-
-!Environment and Energy || Medical and Health || Electronics and Computers || Space, Aircraft and Transportation || Materials and Manufacturing
-|-
-| valign = "top" |
-* Clean Technology
-* Reducing Global Warming
-* Eco-friendly and Efficient Energy
-* Eco-friendly Coatings
-* Lotus-effect Surfaces
-* Self-cleaning Glass
-* Environmental Monitoring
-* Remediation of Soil
-* Remediation and Treatment of Water
-| valign = "top" |
-* Lab-on-a-chip: The Analytical Revolution
-* Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery
-* Nanoparticles and Gene Therapy
-* Textured Surfaces for Tissue Regeneration
-* Nanorobot Therapeutics
-| valign = "top" |
-* Desktop Manufacturing
-* Electronic Paper
-* Nanoelectronics and Computing
-* Assemblers and Self-replicators
-* Molecular Electronics
-| valign = "top" |
-* Space and Aeronautics
-* Automobiles
-* Transportation Infrastructure
-| valign = "top" |
-* New and Nanostructured Materials
-* Nano-engineered Advanced Materials
-* NanoGold: Carbon Nanotubes
-* Potential Industrial Applications
-|-
-|}
-([http://www.nipne.ro/rjp/2004_49_9-10/0767_0776.pdf Source link])
-* '''Aerospace'''
+PSAs are usually designed to form a bond and hold properly at room temperatures. PSAs typically reduce or lose their tack at cold temperatures and reduce their shear holding ability at high temperatures: Specialty adhesives are made to function at high or low temperatures. It is important to choose an adhesive formulation which is designed for its intended use conditions.
-::* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3401/02.html Space Elevators]
-::* [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/16sep_rightstuff.htm Spaceship]
-::* [http://www.andybrain.com/extras/solar-sail.htm Solar Sails]
-::* [http://www.niac.usra.edu/files/library/meetings/annual/oct04/914Mavroidis.pdf Biorobots]
-* '''Medicine'''
-::* Identifying location of cancer cells. [http://www.physorg.com/news2850.html]
-::* Delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to cancer cells.[http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2006/April/11040601.asp]
-::* Nanoshells that concentrate the heat from infrared light to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. [http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?language=english&type=24119&article_id=218392390&cat=3_all]
-::* Nanotubes used in broken bones to provide a structure for new bone material to grow.[http://www.physorg.com/news5003.html]
-::* Nanoparticles that can attach to cells infected with various diseases and allow a lab to identify, in a blood sample, the particular disease.[http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=16228]
-* '''Food Storage'''
-::* [http://www.nanocor.com/nanocomposites.asp Clay nanocomposites] are being used to provide an impermeable barrier to gasses such as oxygen or carbon dioxide in lightweight bottles, cartons and packaging films.
-::* Food storage bins are being produced with silver nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any food that was previously stored in the bins, minimizing health risks from harmful bacteria.[http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1695]
-::* It is possible to use nanosensors in plastic packaging to detect gases given off by food when it spoils. The packaging itself changes color to alert you to food gone bad.
-* '''Agriculture'''
-::* Food will be more tastier and healthier using nanaotechnology.[http://nsrg.neu.edu/resources/regulatory_capacity/documents/NanoAgFood.pdf]
-::* Research is also being conducted to develop nanocapsules containing nutrients that would be released when nanosensors detect a vitamin deficiency in your body.
-::* Researchers are also working on pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles; that only release pesticide within an insect’s stomach, minimizing the contamination of plants themselves.
-::* Another development being persued is a network of nanosensors and dispensers used throughout a food crop. The sensors recognize when a plant needs nutrients or water, before there is any sign that the plant is deficient. The dispensers then release fertilizer, nutrients, or water as needed, optimizing the growth of each plant in the field one by one.
-* '''Chemistry'''
-::* Nanoparticles can be used as catalyst for chemical reactions.
-::* Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors.[http://people.nas.nasa.gov/~cwei/Publication/cnt_sensor.pdf]
-::* ZnO nanowires may lead to better chemical sensors, high-speed electronics.[http://www.physorg.com/news77303473.html]
-::* Palladium nanoparticle hydrogen sensor.[http://nano-proprietary.com/PDFs/Palladium%20Nanoparticle%20Hydrogen%20SensorMNPS.pdf]
-* '''Semiconductor devices'''
-::* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoelectromechanical_systems NEMS]
-::* [http://www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/18591/ OLED]
-::* [http://www.zurich.ibm.com/st/storage/concept.html Memory chips]
-::* [http://www.motorola.com/content.jsp?globalObjectId=8206 Nanoemmissive display panel]
-::* [http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/45nm-core2/index.htm  45 nm wide transistor gates]
-::* [http://www.voyle.net/Nano%20Electronics/Nano%20Electronics-2004-0040.htm Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM)]
-::* [http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/about/nanoelectronics.html Nanoscale integrated circuits]
-* '''Optics'''
-::* The first sunglasses using protective and antireflective ultrathin polymer coatings are on the market.
-::* Nanotechnology also offers scratch resistant surface coatings based on nanocomposites.
-::* Nano-optics could allow for an increase in precision of pupil repair and other types of laser eye surgery.
-* '''Textile'''
-::* The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free.
-::* Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures.
-::* Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.
-* '''Consumer products'''
-::* Nanotechnology is now entered in almost all consumer products,for details see [http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/browse/]
-[[Image:report9.jpg|center|600 px|thumb|Number of products launched products launched vs categories]]
+===Surface Energy===
+[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
+# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
+# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
+# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
+# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
+# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
+===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
+# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
+# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
+# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
+# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
+# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
+# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]
-[http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/analysis_draft/ Source link]
+===Adhesion===
+[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
+# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
+# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
+# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
+# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]
-== Carbon Nanotubes ==
+==Application of PSA==
-[[Image:carbonnanotubes.png|Right|200 px|thumb|3D model of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes]]
-Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) are cylindrical shaped allotrope of carbon with
+===Application in electronics and electrical industry===
-length to diameter ratio exceeding 1,000,000.
-Such cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make
+Electrical grade PSAs are critical components in the design many of today's electrical and electronic components in the electrical industry. The construction of this type of PSA is difficult since lower concentration of conductive filler must be used in order to prevent the drying out of polymer by the conductive filler, with attendant loss of tack. The conductivity of electrically conductive PSA in the direction of pressure action is to a certain extend depend on the direction of pressure applied [http://www.springerlink.com/content/j5448654801gg60q/ Florian, 2003]
-them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology,
-electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. They
-exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties,
-and are efficient conductors of heat.
-=== Types ===
+Electrical grade PSAs are designed and manufactured using materials using material that are physically and chemically stable in the presence of humidity and electrical stress. The acrylic high tack PSAs works very well in static and dynamic joints. The PSA agents are used in three forms i.e. modified aqueous dispersions or solutions in different solvents and as hot melts adhesives. PSA tapes find application in electronic assemblies [http://www.calce.umd.edu/articles/abstracts/2004/assemblies.htm Reliability of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tapes for Heat Sink Attachment in Air-Cooled Electronic Assemblies]
-[[Image:swcnt.jpg|right|200 px|thumb|Vectors representing orientation of three types of Single-walled CNT's]]
-[[Image:dwcnt.jpg|right|200 px|thumb|A Double-walled CNT formed by multiple Single-walled CNTs]]
-# '''[http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/ntproperties/equilibriumstructure.html Single-walled CNT's]''': This type of nanotube can be formed by rolling Graphene sheet. Graphene is a single planar sheet of sp²-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Types of Single-walled CNT's:
-#* Zig-zag(n,0)
-#* Armchair(n,n)
-#* Chiral(2n,n)
-# '''[http://www.nanotech-now.com/nanotube-buckyball-sites.htm Multi-walled]''': Multi-walled nanotubes(MWNT) consist of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to form a tube shape.
-# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene Fullerite]''': Fullerites are the solid-state manifestation of fullerenes and related compounds and materials. Being highly incompressible nanotube forms, polymerized single-walled nanotubes (P-SWNT) are a class of fullerites and are comparable to diamond in terms of hardness.
-# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus Torus]''': A nanotorus is a theoretically described carbon nanotube bent into a torus (doughnut shape).
-# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanobud Nanobud]''': The material fullerene-like "buds" are covalently bonded to the outer sidewalls of the underlying carbon nanotube. This hybrid material has useful properties of both fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
-=== Properties ===
+[[Image: PSA tapes.jpg|thumb|center|800px|[http://www.biztrademarket.com/User/166116/bb/insulation_tape_eho.jpg PSA tapes]]]
-::* '''Physical Properties'''
-{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="65%"
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Material'''
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Young<nowiki>’</nowiki>s modulus''' (GPa)
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Tensile Strength''' (GPa)
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Density''' (g/cm3)
-|-
-|align = "center"|Single wall nanotube
-|align = "center"|1054
-|align = "center"|150
-|align = "center"|N/A
-|-
-|align = "center"|Multi wall nanotube
-|align = "center"|1200
-|align = "center"|150
-|align = "center"|2.6
-|-
-|align = "center"|Steel
-|align = "center"|208
-|align = "center"|0.4
-|align = "center"|7.8
-|-
-|align = "center"|Epoxy
-|align = "center"|3.5
-|align = "center"|0.005
-|align = "center"|1.25
-|-
-|align = "center"|Wood
-|align = "center"|16
-|align = "center"|0.008
-|align = "center"|0.6
-|-
-|}
-[http://www.applied-nanotech.com/cntproperties.htm Source link]
-::* '''Electrical Properties''': Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties. For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is metallic, otherwise the nanotube is a semiconductor. Thus all armchair (n=m) nanotubes are metallic, and nanotubes (5,0), (6,4), (9,1), etc. are semiconducting. In theory, metallic nanotubes can have an electrical current density more than 1,000 times greater than metals such as silver and copper.
-=== Method of fabrication ===
+===Application in automobile industry===
-::* '''[http://nanotube.msu.edu/synthesis/ca.html Arc discharge]''': It is the simplest and most commonly used method of producing Carbon nanotubes.    This method creates CNTs through arc-vaporization of two carbon rods placed end to end, separated by approximately 1mm, in an enclosure that is usually filled with inert gas (helium, argon) at low pressure (between 50 and 700 mbar).
+While mechanical fasteners will always be the choice when maximum torque and linear force are required in automobile industry, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) can often provide a better method of joining or bonding than traditional screws, nuts, bolts, rivets and welds.
-::* '''[http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1561 Laser ablation]''': In 1996, a dual-pulsed laser vaporization technique was developed, which produced SWNTs in gram quantities and yields of >70wt% purity.  Samples were prepared by laser vaporization of graphite rods with a 50:50 catalyst mixture of Co and Ni (particle size ~1um) at 1200oC in flowing argon, followed by heat treatment in a vacuum at 1000oC to remove the C60 and other fullerenes.
-::* '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_vapor_deposition Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)]''':Large amounts of CNTs can be formed by catalytic CVD of acetylene over Co and Fe catalysts supported on silica or zeolite.
-== Application of Carbon nanotubes ==
+The design, performance, and production reasons for replacing mechanical or fusion fastening methods with PSAs include, but are not limited to:
-::* '''Polymer Composites''': The first realized major commercial application of MWNTs is their use as electrically conducting components in polymer composites.Depending on the polymer matrix, conductivities of 0.01 to 0.1 S/cm can be obtained for 5% loading; much lower conductivity levels suffice for dissipating electrostatic charge. The low loading levels and the nanofiber morphology of the MWNTs allow electronic conductivity to be achieved while avoiding or minimizing degradation of other performance aspects, such as mechanical properties and the low melt flow viscosity needed for thin-wall molding applications.
-::* '''Electrochemical devices''': Because of the high electrochemically accessible surface area of porous nanotube arrays, combined with their high electronic conductivity and useful mechanical properties, these materials are attractive as electrodes for devices that use electrochemical double-layer charge injection.
-::* '''Hydrogen storage''': Nanotubes have been long heralded as potentially useful for hydrogen storage (for example, for fuel cells that power electric vehicles or laptop computers).
-::* '''Field emission devices''': Industrial and academic research activity on electronic devices has focused principally on using SWNTs and MWNTs as field emission electron sources for flat panel displays, lamps, gas discharge tubes providing surge protection, and x-ray and microwave generators.
-::* '''Nanometer-sized electronic devices''':
-::* '''Sensors and probes''': Possible chemical sensor applications of nonmetallic nanotubes are interesting, because nanotube electronic transport and thermopower (voltages between junctions caused by interjunction temperature differences) are very sensitive to substances that affect the amount of injected charge.The main advantages are the minute size of the nanotube sensing element and the correspondingly small amount of material required for a response.
-[http://www.eikos.com/articles/carbnano_routetoapp.pdf Source link]
+# Distributing stress over the entire bonded area: The concentrated stress of mechanical fasteners can be eliminated and design engineers can specify lighter, thinner materials without sacrificing durability and product integrity.
+# Bonding dissimilar materials: The ability to bond two totally different substrates can yield a superior combination for product strength and performance. PSAs are an ideal counterbalance for varying factors of expansion between surfaces, such as laminating layers of metal.
+# Maintaining assembled substrate integrity: Less machining and finishing means more latitude for design engineers and improved aesthetics for greater consumer appeal.
+# Incorporating fatigue resistance: PSAs bring great flexibility, allowing for high extension and recovery under heavy loads.
+# Durability by design: PSAs fill voids and gaps and can bond loose-fitting parts.
+Increasing production efficiency: PSAs reduce material requirements, provide product weight reduction, require fewer assembly and finishing steps, and minimize training [http://www.flexcon.com/Resource-Center/~/media/Files/PDFs/Website/Resource%20Center/White%20Papers/design%20engineering%20aspects%20of%20pressure-sensitive%20adhesives.ashx FLEXcon white paper]
-[[Image:Carbon Nanotube1.jpg|700 px|center|thumb|Map categorization for CNT]]
-== Top ongoing projects on CNT's ==
+===Medical applications===
-::*  The Ajayan group is using carbon nanotubes as templates and molds for fabricating nanowires, composites, and novel ceramic fibers.[http://www.rpi.edu/locker/38/001238/INDEX.HTM]
-::* Dai group discovered how to grow nanotubes in specific directions and orientations on substrates using a chemical vapor deposition process.[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/chemistry/faculty/dai/group/]
-::* Smalley group is developing methods of production, purification, derivitization, analysis, and assembly of nanotubes to solve real world problems. [http://smalley.rice.edu/]
-::* Sun Research group is researching on polymeric nanocomposite materials based on carbon nanotubes and semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. [http://www.ces.clemson.edu/lemt/research.htm]
-::* Accelerator Laboratory,  the University of Helsinki is researching on Ion irradiation as a tool for studying and modifying properties of carbon nanotubes.[http://beam.acclab.helsinki.fi/nanotubes/]
+There are two essential requirements of medical PSAs, that they should stick firmly to a difficult substrate (skin) and that they should be easily and cleanly removed from that substrate when desired. These requirements would seem to be in conflict: a high peel force usually signals the ability to stick firmly, while a low force is needed when removing dressings by peeling.
-== IP Activity on carbon nanotubes ==
+A number of ways have been considered to resolve this conflict. These may be divided into two broad categories: those that make the best of existing PSA technology, broadly taking a physical approach, and those that introduce novel chemistry into the process. Physical approaches consider such details as the dependence of peel force on peel angle, peel rate, backing materials, the deformation of the skin during peeling and use of barrier films and solvents. As an alternative to simply making the best of the physics of the peeling process, various workers have devised chemical systems for making the adhesive less strongly adhering at the time of removal. These systems usually consist of introducing a ‘switch’ mechanism into a strongly adhering adhesive so that its adherence may be reduced significantly at the time of removal by operation of the ‘switch’. Means of activating the ‘switch’ include: heat (warming or cooling), application of water via an absorbent backing and exposure to visible light. These may produce physical or chemical changes in the adhesive [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-43W00T1-3&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2001&_alid=1598193691&_rdoc=3&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=15397&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=17b33208ec83c0db321e3d3882e5ffe3&searchtype=a Chivers, 2001]
-* Number of patents filled on nanotubes are increasing exponentially by years.
+===PSAs drive transdermal delivery===
-* Last year i.e 2007, around 1450 patents are filed in this field.
+Transdermal or through-the-skin delivery of drugs has assumed an important place in drug therapy, eliminating many of the shortcomings of syringes and pills. [http://www.adhesivesresearch.com/Pharmaceutical_ARx_LLC/Pharmaceutical/Component_Applications_And_Technologies/ActiveTransdermalDeliverySystems.aspx Active Transdermal Delivery Systems] The three most commonly used adhesives used for transdermal delivery are polyisobutylenes, polyacrylates and silicones [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VJY-3WRB3HM-6&_user=10&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F1999&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1598124405&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=f7968d61a743de54de6d04fb28c0cf00&searchtype=a Tan and Pfister, 1999]
-[[Image:report11.jpg|700px|center|thumb|IP Activity by year]]
-* Major IPC classes with description is given.
+[[Image: Transdermal.jpg|thumb|center|600px|[http://www.qmed.com/files/ck_images/images/Nusil.jpg Delivery to skin]]]
+* In a typical '''disk drive''', PSAs are applied to the base casting to secure the motor-mounting flange and motor assembly
-[[Image:report3.jpg|700px|center|thumb|Top IPC]]
+===Application in aerospace industry===
+Aerospace manufacturers uses PSAs to assemble sheet-metal components into sub assemblies. The aerospace industry, primarily satellite manufacturers, have expressed the need for a low outgas, thermally stable, adhesive tape which can work at both high, 175ºC, and low, -100ºC, temperatures. New silicone PSA was fabricated to pass, low outgassing requirements of 1% or less Total Mass Loss (TML) and 0.1% or less Collectable Volatile Condensable Materials (CVCM) [http://www.polytec-pt.de/ger/_files/24_LowOutgasSiliconePressureSensitiveAdhesiveForAerospaceApplications2%281%29.pdf Riegler, 2005].
-{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+==Making of PSAs==
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|S. no.
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|IPC Classification
+Although PSPs can be obtained by different polymerization processes (i.e., emulsion, solution, hot-melt, or radiation curing), much attention has recently been devoted to the utilization of more environmentally friendly processes such as emulsion polymerization. Soft polymer networks are commonly used as previous termpressure sensitive adhesivesnext term (PSAs). This is due to their unique ability to deform and yet to resist flow. These contradictory requirements indicate that the mechanical properties are finely tuned, and that the types of deformation upon application are carefully considered. Variety of PSAs can be prepared by mixing a linear vinyl terminated polymer with a silane terminated f-functional cross-linker. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4VJ4WRW-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2009&_alid=1598127284&_rdoc=6&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20058&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=31aa31be0a41e917372805a44d352007&searchtype=a Jensen et al., 2009]
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Description
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="70%"
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Sr. No.'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''PSA process'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Chemical composition'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Time of launch'''
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''1'''
+|align = "center"|'''Solvent-based'''
+|align = "center"|Rubber/resin, acrylics, silicones
+|align = "center"|Since 19th century
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''2'''
+|align = "center"|'''Hot-melt'''
+|align = "center"|Block copolymers, acrylics
+|align = "center"|1940s
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''3'''
+|align = "center"|'''Emulsion (water)-based'''
+|align = "center"|Acrylics, natural and synthetic rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
+|align = "center"|1970s
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''4'''
+|align = "center"|'''Radiation-cured'''
+|align = "center"| Acrylics, rubber
+|align = "center"|1970s
+|-
+|}
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="80%"
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Sr. No.'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Properties'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Solvent-based: acrylic'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Hot-melt: styrene-isobutylene-styrene.'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Emulsion based: acrylics'''
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''1'''
+|align = "center"|PS performance
+|align = "center"|Excellent
+|align = "center"|Excellent
+|align = "center"|Very good
 |-
-|align = "center"|1
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''2'''
-|align = "center"|H01J
+|align = "center"|Ease of compounding
-|align = "center"|ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
+|align = "center"|Moderate
+|align = "center"|Difficult
+|align = "center"|Easy
 |-
-|align = "center"|2
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''3'''
-|align = "center"|C01B
+|align = "center"|Formulation flexibility
-|align = "center"|NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
+|align = "center"|Limited
+|align = "center"|Excellent
+|align = "center"|Moderate
 |-
-|align = "center"|3
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''4'''
-|align = "center"|H01L
+|align = "center"|Coating method flexibility
-|align = "center"|SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES
+|align = "center"|Limited
+|align = "center"|Poor
+|align = "center"|Excellent
 |-
-|align = "center"|4
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''5'''
-|align = "center"|B82B
+|align = "center"|Ease of changeover
-|align = "center"|NANOTECHNOLOGY
+|align = "center"|Limited
+|align = "center"|Poor
+|align = "center"|Excellent
 |-
-|align = "center"|5
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''6'''
-|align = "center"|H01M
+|align = "center"|PSA reproducibility
-|align = "center"|BATTERIES OR FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
+|align = "center"|Excellent
+|align = "center"|Limited
+|align = "center"|Excellent
 |-
-|align = "center"|6
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''7'''
-|align = "center"|B01J
+|align = "center"|Aging properties
-|align = "center"|CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
+|align = "center"|Excellent
+|align = "center"|Poor
+|align = "center"|Excellent
 |-
-|align = "center"|7
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''8'''
-|align = "center"|D01F
+|align = "center"|Clarity/color
-|align = "center"|CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES, OR RIBBONS AND APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
+|align = "center"|Excellent
+|align = "center"|Poor
+|align = "center"|Excellent
 |-
-|align = "center"|8
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''9'''
-|align = "center"|G01N
+|align = "center"|Safety/toxicity
-|align = "center"|INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
+|align = "center"|Poor
+|align = "center"|Poor
+|align = "center"|Excellent
 |-
-|align = "center"|9
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''10'''
-|align = "center"|B32B
+|align = "center"|Raw material costs
-|align = "center"|LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
+|align = "center"|High
+|align = "center"|Low
+|align = "center"|Medium
 |-
-|align = "center"|10
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''11'''
-|align = "center"|C08K
+|align = "center"|Coating/compounding costs
-|align = "center"|USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS
+|align = "center"|High
+|align = "center"|Medium
+|align = "center"|Low
 |-
 |}
+===Effect of important parameters on PSA making and performance===
-* Hon Hai Precision Industry Company leads the number of patent filing by a great margin with their competitors.
+====Effect of polymer molecular weight and crosslinking reactions on the end-use properties of PSAs====
-* Samsung Electronics and Samsung SDI Co. Ltd. together contributes 148 patents.
+In a study wherein polymer molecular weight and polymer microstructure were regulated using different chain transfer agent (CTA) concentrations and by addition of a diacrylic monomer (MM) it was shown that all of the measured adhesion properties strongly depend on molecular weight of the synthesized polymer and on the amount of gel phase [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4SH0Y17-1&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2009&_alid=1598127284&_rdoc=8&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20058&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=0c2fe11851b57347e066ff78a975a690&searchtype=a Kajtna et al., 2009]
+====Effect of composition on Mechanical behaviours and fracture energy of PSAs====
+In a study it was shown that the mechanical behaviour depend on their composition but majority of fracture energy is dissipated on the first millimetre near the bending zone where fibrils elongation is maximum. Observations of interfaces between PSAs and glass substrate underline that fracture energy varies linearly according to the contact area [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4N2D2V9-2&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2007&_alid=1598127284&_rdoc=16&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20058&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=6021375899d8929d9ec349bc3fd3c01d&searchtype=a Horgnies et al., 2007]
-[[Image:report4.jpg|700px|center|thumb|Top Assignee]]
+====Effect of tackifier on PSAs====
+To study the effect of tackifier (such as hydrogenated cyclo-aliphatic resin) a model system consisting of polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene triblock copolymer was prepared. Tackifier increased the peel adhesion significantly and the increase became stronger above 40 wt% tackifier. The higher peel adhesion was obtained in the system with the larger amount of agglomerates of tackifier in the polyisoprene matrix. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4RJKX1T-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2008&_alid=1598155857&_rdoc=4&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18242&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=41c38a7bf066473704bf91918b843915&searchtype=a Sasaki et al., 2008]
-==<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>==
+====Effect of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration in making of PSAs====
-<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br>
+In a study it was shown that a constant cross-linker concentration, one can manipulate the polymer micro-structure by adding varying amounts of chain transfer agent. Three examples of these micro-structures are depicted below which show a tight gel network with long-chain sol polymers, a loose gel network with shorter sol polymers, and an imperfect gel structure with highly branched sol polymers. By manipulating the micro-structure, previous termpressure-sensitive adhesivenext term performance can be affected. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TWW-4YG1M1T-3&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2010&_alid=1598155857&_rdoc=10&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5573&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18242&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9b4d65da1531e13c4a9e3f5a986b03e4&searchtype=a Qie and Dube, 2010]
-'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p>
-{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
-|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center"  colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]'''
-|-
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-|-
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-<br>
-== Sample Analysis ==
-* Below is the link for sample spreadsheet analysis for Carbon nanotubes.
-[[Media:Sample taxomomy for carbon nano tubes.xls|Sample analysis on carbon nanotubes]]
+[[Image:Effect of CTA.jpg| thumb|center|300px|Effect of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration in making of PSAs]]
-== Dashboard ==
+====Effect of flexible substrates on PSAs performance====
-=== Dashboard Snapshots ===
+The fracture energy (fracture toughness) of tapes during globally elastic unpeeling is often calculated from the relation G=P/b(1−cos θ). A study suggested that this expression is correct for elastic peeling from rigid substrates but it gives misleading results when peeling from reversible flexible substrates. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-46RKMVR-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2002&_alid=1598155857&_rdoc=14&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18242&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=5a2c01b1375cc8e2d6e2d69ed8cd8aa4&searchtype=a Steven-Fountain et al., 2002]
-[[Image:dashboard1.jpg|center|800px]]
+==PSA performance measurement==
+PSAs polymeric materials effect  tack, peel and shear strength . Inherent properties such as copolymer composition and microstructure, molecular weight and distribution are among the most influential factors affecting PSA properties directly as well as indirectly through their influence on physical properties (e.g., the glass transition temperature, Tg) and thus, rheological properties of the polymer (e.g., viscoelastic regions, moduli).
-[[Image:dashboard2.jpg|center|800px]]
+Therefore, PSA is the result of a fine balance between these three major, interrelated properties.
+===Tack===
+It is a measure of the force required to remove, say a foam gasket and its adhesive, from the substrate. It usually refers to the initial attraction of the adhesive to the substrate. Tack can be measured by four basic methods these are loop tack, rolling ball, Quick stick and probe measurement devices. [http://www.adhesivestoolkit.com/Docu-Data/NPLDocuments/P%20A%20J/PAJ%20Reports/PAJ1%20Reports/PAJ1%20Report%205.pdf Review Of Methods For The Measurement Of Tack]
-[[Image:dashboard3.jpg|center|800px]]
+===Peel strength===
-=== Link to Dashboard ===
+Peel strength is measured as a force required to remove a standard PSA strip from a specified test surface under a standard test angle (e.g., 90° or 180°) under standard conditions. Much like tack, manufacturers control adhesion to create different products based on user requirements. After a PSA has been applied to the substrate, adhesion continues to increase for a period of time — typically 24 hr.
-[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=274 Dashboard for CNTs]
-== Carbon nanotube in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps (IPC H01J) ==
+===Shear strength===
+Shear strength is the internal or cohesive strength of the adhesive mass. Usually, it is determined as the length of time it takes for a standard strip of PSA to fall from a test panel after application of a load. Usually, tack and adhesion decrease as shear strength increases. [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a713642457&fulltext=713240928 Emulsion-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: A Review]
-=== IP Map ===
-[[Image:Discharge lamps.jpg|500px|center|thumb|Map for electron emitter devices]]
-=== IP Activity on carbon nanotubes in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps ===
+==PSA products==
+The most common products that utilize PSAs are tapes, labels, and protective films. The PSA sector is among the fastest growing in the adhesive market, making the search for new pressure-sensitive products (PSP) and applications highly competitive.
-[[Image:report6.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|IP activity by year]]
+* '''PSA tapes:''' Self-adhesive materials usually produced by coating an adhesive onto a carrier and used as a continuous web.
-[[Image:report5.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|Top Assignee]]
+* '''PSA labels:''' Self-adhesive laminated carrier materials. The self-adhesive layer is protected with a supplemental material (release liner).
-=== Analysis ===
+* '''Protective films:''' Carrier material possesses built-in or built-on self-adhesive properties.
-{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+==Recycling issues with PSA==
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.no'''
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
+PSAs exact a considerable cost on the paper recycling industry, an estimated $700 million per year. Most paper recycling systems converts paper into pulp in presence of water, which is then transformed back into paper. PSAs do not dissolve in water, but rather fragment into smaller particles during the repulping process. These particles are known as stickies, get deformed under heat and pressure, making them difficult to screen or filter out of the pulp. Stickies can become lodged on papermaking and can cause damage to equipment or even in the paper.  [http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ReduceWaste/Business/officepaper/PSAFacts.htm Source]
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignee / Applicant'''
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Title'''
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="90%"
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Description of the device'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Sr. No.'''
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Use of CNT in it'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''"Sticky" PSA Product'''
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Technology Area'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Alternative Product/Procedure'''
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|1
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''1'''
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7336028.PN.&OS=PN/7336028&RS=PN/7336028 US7336028B2]
+|align = "center"|Address Labels
-|align = "justify"|Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.
+|align = "left"|1. Print addresses directly on envelopes<br>2. Using glassine (cellulose) film window or filmless window envelopes, and print mailing addresses directly on the letter to show through the window.<br>3. Handprint addresses directly on large mailing envelopes..
-|align = "justify"|Electron emission device having multi-layered gate electrode structure
-|align = "justify"|A multilayered electron emission device is described with a predetermined gap between the electrodes.
-|align = "justify"|Electron emission sources can be made up of CNTs.
-|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|2
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''2'''
-|align = "justify"|US7315129B2
+|align = "center"|Sticky Notes
-|align = "justify"|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
+|align = "left"|1.Use scratch paper for notes and secure with paper clips.
-|align = "justify"|Plasma producing apparatus and doping apparatus
-|align = "justify"|A plasma chamber anad plasma appratus is described with two electrodes and sustrate and CNTs.
-|align = "justify"|CNTs are on the surface of the cathode electrode.
-|align = "justify"|Plasma Appratus
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|3
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''3'''
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7307432.PN.&OS=PN/7307432&RS=PN/7307432 US7307432B2]
+|align = "center"|Postage Stamps
-|align = "justify"|Yokogawa Electric Corporation
+|align = "left"|1. Use moisture-activated postage stamps<br>2. Postal meter that prints postage directly on envelopes or that uses moisture-activated meter tape
-|align = "justify"|Electron beam generating apparatus and optical sampling apparatus using the same
-|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus with electrodes with deflection electrode and charge detection section.
-|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
-|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus.
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|4
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''4'''
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7306503.PN.&OS=PN/7306503&RS=PN/7306503 US7306503B2]
+|align = "center"|File Folder Index Labels
-|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
+|align = "left"|1. Handprint file subjects directly on index tabs, instead of using an index label. When recycling file folders with index labels, tear off the index tab.
-|align = "justify"|Method and apparatus of fixing carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process
-|align = "justify"|Appratus for manufacturing substate with carbon nanotubes in it.
-|align = "justify"|Arc dischage method is involved for producing CNTs and hence  forming it on substrate.
-|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|5
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''5'''
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7259510.PN.&OS=PN/7259510&RS=PN/7259510 US7259510B1]
+|align = "center"|Closure Tabs
-|align = "justify"|Agere Systems Inc.
+|align = "left"|1. Sharply folding fliers and newsletters is often sufficient to send them safely and securely through the mail.
-|align = "justify"|On-chip vacuum tube device and process for making device
-|align = "justify"|Microwave vacuum tube is described with electrodes and CNTs.
-|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
-|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|6
+|}
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7232987.PN.&OS=PN/7232987&RS=PN/7232987 US7232987B2]
-|align = "justify"|None
+==Search strategy==
-|align = "justify"|Instrument and method to measure available light energy for photosynthesis
-|align = "justify"|A device to calculate and filter amout of light required and available for photosynthesis of plants.
+Search strategy last updated on: 7th January 2011
-|align = "justify"|Photovoltaic material is made up of carbon nanotubes.
-|align = "justify"|Optical Instrument
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="60%"
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Sr. No.'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Search string'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Hits'''
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|7
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Google'''
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161148.PN.&OS=PN/7161148&RS=PN/7161148 US7161148B1]
-|align = "justify"|Crystals and Technologies, Ltd.
-|align = "justify"|Tip structures, devices on their basis, and methods for their preparation
-|align = "justify"| A tip structure for an electron emissive device or a scanning probe device is described.
-|align = "justify"|At least one link of the tip structure is made up of Carbon naotubes.
-|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|8
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7175494.PN.&OS=PN/7175494&RS=PN/7175494 US7175494B1]
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making
-|align = "justify"|cDream Corporation
+|align = "center"|7,510,000
-|align = "justify"|Forming carbon nanotubes at lower temperatures suitable for an electron-emitting device
-|align = "justify"|An electron emission device is described comprising of carbon nanotubes.
-|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured at 300° C. to 500° C which makes them compatible with the thermal stress of the underlying substrate.
-|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|9
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161286.PN.&OS=PN/7161286&RS=PN/7161286 US7161286B2]
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application
-|align = "justify"|Tsinghua University <nowiki>|</nowiki> Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.
+|align = "center"|7,650,000
-|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotube array and method for making same
-|align = "justify"|A carbon nanotube-based device is described which includes a substrate and number of catalytic nano-sized particles.
-|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured on the substrate.
-|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|10
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7145528.PN.&OS=PN/7145528&RS=PN/7145528 US7145528B2]
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automobile
-|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
+|align = "center"|436,000
-|align = "justify"|Display device and driving and controlling method therefor
-|align = "justify"|A display device with display panel is described and use of electron emitters.
-|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
-|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
 |-
-|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|11
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''4'''
-|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7115863.PN.&OS=PN/7115863&RS=PN/7115863 US7115863B1]
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automotive
-|align = "justify"|Hitachi, Ltd.
+|align = "center"|479,000
-|align = "justify"|Probe for scanning probe lithography and making method thereof
-|align = "justify"|A probe of scanning probe lithography is described
-|align = "justify"|Shaft of the probe is made up of Carbon nanaotubes.
-|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
 |-
-|}
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''5'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive drug delivery
+|align = "center"|275,000
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''6'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive tack*
+|align = "center"|354,000
-[[Media:Analysis_electrical.xls|Sample Analysis on use of Carbon nanotubes in discharge tubes and discharge lamps]]
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''7'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive product
+|align = "center"|8,120,000
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''8'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive recycl*
+|align = "center"|447,000
-[[Image:Analysis1.jpg|600px|center|thumb|Sample Analysis for discharge tubes and discharge lamps patents(30 patents)]]
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Google scholar'''
-== Key Players ==
+|-
-=== Universities ===
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''
-* Universities play an important role in research and that's why it needs to be analyzed.
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making
-* Only 245 patents are filled by the universities research division.
+|align = "center"|21,50,000
-* But companies are dependent on them for research activities.
-* The analysis will give the insight of most involved university in terms of research on Carbon nanotubes.
-[[Image:report2.jpg|700 px|center|Top Universities|thumb|Number of patents by universities in Carbon nanotubes area]]
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application
+|align = "center"|21,50,000
-=== Companies ===
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Scirus'''
-* Large number of companies are now moving into this area.
+|-
-* A sizeable number of startups too are coming into the picture.
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making
+|align = "center"|130,055
-{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Top Companies
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Number of patents filled
 |-
-|align = "center"|[http://www.foxconn.com/ Hon Hai Prec Ind Co]
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''
-|align = "center"|118
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application
+|align = "center"|200,950
 |-
-|align = "center"|[http://www.samsung.com Samsung Electronics]
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''
-|align = "center"|77
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive product
+|align = "center"|136,169
 |-
-|align = "center"|[http://www.samsungsdi.com/contents/kr/main.jsp Samsung SDI Co. Ltd.]
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Sciencedirect'''
-|align = "center"|71
 |-
-|align = "center"|[http://www.sony.com Sony Corp.]
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''
-|align = "center"|70
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive electronics
+|align = "center"|2,450
 |-
-|align = "center"|[http://www.toray.com/ Toray Industry]
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''
-|align = "center"|69
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making
+|align = "center"|7,212
 |-
-|align = "center"|[http://www.fujitsu.com/global/ Fujitsu Ltd.]
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''
-|align = "center"|68
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application
+|align = "center"|15,405
 |-
-|align = "center"|[http://www.nec.com/ Nippon Electric Co.]
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''4'''
-|align = "center"|64
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automobile
+|align = "center"|951
 |-
-|align = "center"|[http://www.itri.org.tw/eng/research/nano/index.jsp Ind Tech Res Inst]
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''5'''
-|align = "center"|62
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automotive
+|align = "center"|1,406
 |-
-|align = "center"|[http://www.imm.ac.cn/en/index.html Nat Inst for Materia]
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''6'''
-|align = "center"|59
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive drug delivery
+|align = "center"|2,876
 |-
-|align = "center"|Others
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Springerlink'''
-|align = "center"|58
 |-
-|}
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making
+|align = "center"|2,149
-== Market Research ==
+|-
-=== Nanotechnology market ===
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''
-* Nanotechnology is a growing market.
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application
-* Lux Research (a market research company in nanotechnology) believes that market will reach from $13 billion in 2005 to $292 billion in 2010.
+|align = "center"|3,901
-* In 2015 market for nano materials will reach to $340 billion and electronics market will reach to $300 billion.
-* US nanotech funding has increased from $270 million to $850 million.
-[[Image:lux1.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|Predictions of market by Lux research]]
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Google images'''
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making
+|align = "center"|3,580,000
-[[Image:lux3.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|US funding]]
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application
+|align = "center"|2,210,000
+|-
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''
+|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive electronics
+|align = "center"|1,690,000
-[[Image:lux2.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|Market by different categories]]
+|}
-=== Carbon Nanotubes market ===
+==Market Information==
+* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
+* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
+* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
+* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]
+* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
+* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
+* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
+* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.
-* Market size will increase from $6 million in 2004 to $1,070 million in 2014.
+* Market leaders by country are as follows:
+** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
+** China
+** Japan
+** Germany
+** UK [[image:players_logo.jpg|right|500 px]]
+* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share)  are:
+** Henkel
+** 3M
+** Avery Denison
+** HB Fuller
+** National Starch
+** Atofina
+==Intellectual Property==
-[[Image:marketresearch.jpg|300 px|center|thumb|Carbon nanotubes market estimate]]
+===Patent Search Table===
+{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+|colspan = "5"|
+* Patent search on Micropat
+* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
+|-
+|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
+|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
+|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
+|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
+|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
+|-
+|1
+|Claims, Title or Abstract
+|1836 – Date
+||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
+|76006
+|-
+|2
+|Claims, Title or Abstract
+|1836 – Date
+|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
+|75602
+|-
+|3
+|Claims, Title or Abstract
+|1836 – Date
+|1 AND 2
+|2272
+|-
+|}
+* Total number of patents - 2272
+* Total number of unique patent families - 1483
-== Published Papers ==
+==<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>==
-* Academic papers published on carbon nanotubes have been on the rise and patent filings have been keeping up with this upswing, says a review in the journal Science.
+<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br>
-* According to the review, around 1,500 scientific papers were published in 2001 compared to about 1,100 in 2000 and around 700 in 1999.
+'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p>
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
+|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center"  colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]'''
+|-
+| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
+|-
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
+|-
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
+|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
+|-
+|}
+<br>
-[http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2002/09/materials_nanot.html?t=archive Source]
+===Taxonomy for analysis===
+[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]
+===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
+[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]
+===IP Activity===
+[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]
-== SWOT analysis on nanotechnology ==
+===Major Competitors===
-{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Strength'''
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Weakness'''
+===Composition components matrix===
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
+|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
 |-
-|align = "center"|In nanomaterials research and development
+|rowspan = "5"|3M Innovative Properties Company
-|align = "center"|Critical issues(ecological meltdown,poverty and disease)
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|2000
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In biomimetics research
+|align = "center"|x
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Lack of planet friendly scorecard for research
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|2000
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center"|In nanoelectronics and IT research including quantum computing
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|align = "center"|No clear technology transfer routes to the less developed world.
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|2000
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In nanophotovoltaic research
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Fragmented research infrastructure
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|1993
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center"|In nanosensors research and development
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|align = "center"|Nationally variable industry pull through
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|1993
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In strong industrial base in instrumentation
+|American Tape Company
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Variable incentives/cultures for supporting start-ups
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1997
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center"|In nanomedicine
+|Ashland Oil, Inc.
-|align = "center"|Funding slow and bureaucratic
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1991
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In cultural differences resulting in imaginative approaches to results
+|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|No wide support for individual genius
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1984
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center"|In the ability to work in teams
+|align = "center"|x
-|align = "center"|Academic research often lags industry
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1996
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Acceleration of new company formation underway
+|&nbsp;
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Funding may be duplicated
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1996
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center"|Openness in developing and adopting environmentally friendly techniques
-|align = "center"|Lack of fiscal incentives for environmentally friendly techniques;also lack of legal incentives
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1997
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Openness to developing technologies for the less developed regions
+|Coloplast
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Critically slow emergence of technology from the research base
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1980
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]</u></font>
 |-
+|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
 |align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|align = "center"|Lack of skilled staff
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1970
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Opportunities'''
+|&nbsp;
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Threats'''
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1990
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center"|The exploitation of planet and people friendly research
-|align = "center"|Brain drain in life sciences,electronics,software and engineering
+|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1990
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Development of widely available technologies(sensors,renewable energy,medicine etc.)
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Public backlash to nanotechnology
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1994
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center"|Creation of new technologies(medical and non-medical)
-|align = "center"|Too little,too late, of the technologies that matter
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1996
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Reduction animal experimentation through cell-base toxicity testing
+|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1993
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "center"|Critical niche opportunities in areas such as lab-on-a-chip and sensor technology
+|Fujikura Ltd.
 |align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|2000
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]</u></font>
+|-
+|General Electric Company
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|2000
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]</u></font>
+|-
+|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1996
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]</u></font>
+|-
+|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1997
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]</u></font>
+|-
+|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1981
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]</u></font>
+|-
-|}
-== Conferences ==
+|Nichiban Company Limited
+|align = "center"|x
-* Major Conferences
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.no.'''
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Conference'''
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Location'''
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Date'''
+|1997
-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Email'''
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|1
+|None
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2008/ Nanotech 2008 - 11th Annual NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|x
-|Boston,USA
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|1-5June, 2008
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|bfr@nsti.org
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|1996
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|2
+|PPG Industries, Inc.
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanoeurope.com/ NanoEurope 2008]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|x
-|St.Gallen, Switzerland
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|16-17 Sep, 2008
+|align = "center"|x
-|joerg.guettinger@ncb.ch
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|x
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1996
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]</u></font>
 |-
-|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|3
+|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
-|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanotech.net/node/2 Nanotech Northern Europe 2008]</u></font>
+|align = "center"|x
-|Copenhagen,Denmark
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|23-25 Sep, 2008
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
-|katriina.forsstrom@spinverse.com
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+|1992
+|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]</u></font>
 |-
 |}
-* Complete list of Nanotechnology Conferences
+===Technology Tree===
-http://www.allconferences.com/Science/Nanotechnology/
+As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.
+[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]
+==Key findings==
+* In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface
+* In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g
+* Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.
+* Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.
+==Analysis Sheet==
+[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]
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 {| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
 |-
-! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
+! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
 |-
 | '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]

Difference between pages "Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)" and "Pressure sensitive adhesives"

Latest revision as of 05:43, 27 July 2015

Contents

Dashboard

Overview

Surface Energy

Low Surface Energy Substrates

Adhesion

Application of PSA

Application in electronics and electrical industry

Application in automobile industry

Medical applications

PSAs drive transdermal delivery

Application in aerospace industry

Making of PSAs

Effect of important parameters on PSA making and performance

Effect of polymer molecular weight and crosslinking reactions on the end-use properties of PSAs

Effect of composition on Mechanical behaviours and fracture energy of PSAs

Effect of tackifier on PSAs

Effect of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration in making of PSAs

Effect of flexible substrates on PSAs performance

PSA performance measurement

Tack

Peel strength

Shear strength

PSA products

Recycling issues with PSA

Search strategy

Market Information

Intellectual Property

Patent Search Table

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Taxonomy for analysis

Taxonomy for PSA composition

IP Activity

Major Competitors

Composition components matrix

Technology Tree

Key findings

Analysis Sheet

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Contact Dolcera

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