===Schlumberger===
[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2011143053 WO2011143053A1] titled "Methods for unconventional gas reservoir stimulation with stress unloading for enhancing fracture network connectivity" by Schlumberger. Conventional method shows decrease in hydrocarbon production due to damage of surface regions of the fractures, leading to decrease in the permeability of the formation. Improved method of hydraulic fracturing to initiate a fracture in the shale by injecting a treatment fluid in the fracture to partially destabilize and remove the shale and then repeating the step of fracturing in the shale. It helps in minimizing the damage of the fracture surface. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6508307.PN.&OS=PN/6508307&RS=PN/6508307 US6508307B1Contd] titled "Techniques for hydraulic fracturing combining oriented perforating and low viscosity fluids" by Schlumberger. Conventional method for fracturing very tight gas formation by using perforation in combination of high viscosity fluid shows- -Unoriented perforations, results in fracturing fluid does not take the most direct route into the fracture and leads to fracture the formation directly opposite to the perforation. This effect often known as near-wellbore tortuosity is highly undesirable for well completion. -Use of high viscosity fluids results in higher pumping cost, damaging to the newly propped fracture. And requires additional breakers, thus further increasing the cost of the treatment. New method is a combination of the steps of '''properly orienting perforations''' and creating a propped fracture by means of a '''low viscosity fracturing fluid'''. -Advantage of using oriented perforating are performing fracturing in pay zone area, minimizing sand production in weak formations, prevent damage to the equipment, such as electrical cables, fiber optic lines, submersible pump cables, adjacent production tubing or injection pipe. -Low viscosity fluid leads to lower pumping and treatment cost. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5295393.PN.&OS=PN/5295393&RS=PN/5295393 US5295393A] titled "Fracturing method and apparatus" by Schlumberger. Conventional method such as micro hydraulic fracturing technique for fracturing an underground formation, suffer from certain problems such as unwanted fracturing of the non pay zone area due to -Pumping excessively at higher rates where control of the pressure development in the test interval might be less accurate. -Use of packers also leads to unwanted fracturing of the formation and the damage of packers was also observed. Method and apparatus used to fracture an underground formation that is '''traversed by a borehole'''. Traversing a borehole helps in -Proper orientation of the fracture, -Reducing the breakdown pressure for the hydraulic fracturing operation and also reducing the damage occurring at the straddle packers, -Low energy storage in the fluid in the system so allowing better control. [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090065253%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090065253&RS=DN/20090065253 US20090065253A1] titled "Method and system for increasing production of a reservoir" by Schlumberger. Complex fractures and proper fracture geometry generally give improved production rates. Complex fractures increases the tortuosity of the flow paths, proppant may not be sufficient to prop the fractures developed by them as proppants may not be adequately delivered to all of the branches of the fracture, or the density of the proppant delivered might be insufficient to maintain conductivity. Those portions of the fracture might then close, thereby reducing fracture conductivity. -So, a need exists for a method, apparatus and system to promote the self-propping of complex fractures and complex fractured regions, '''Generating proper fracture geometry''', the conditions affecting the treatment of the individual reservoir (e.g., near-wellbore effects, reservoir heterogeneity and textural complexity, in-situ stress setting, rock-fluid interactions) should be determined before generating a fracture. -So, a need exists for a method, apparatus and system to detect the conditions required for generating induced fracture complexity, high fracture density, large surface area during fracturing, identify unique conditions of reservoir properties, in-situ stress, and completion settings to determine a design of fracture treatments that specifically adapt to these conditions. The method to increase and/or optimize production of a reservoir involves first the determination of the textural and induced fracture complexity of the reservoir, then follows performing the first operation based on the complexities wherein the first operation introduces shear stress into the formation which can be either fracturing wellbores with cement slurries or proppant, multilateral drilling, inducing thermal stresses and then creating fractures. Also, performing the second operation which can again be either fracturing or multilateral drilling till the satisfied production rate is reached. [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090065198%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090065198&RS=DN/20090065198 US20090065198A1] titled "Method and system for increasing production of a reservoir using lateral wells" by Schlumberger. Complex fractures and proper fracture geometry generally give improved production rates. Complex fractures increases the tortuosity of the flow paths, proppant may not be sufficient to prop the fractures developed by them as proppants may not be adequately delivered to all of the branches of the fracture, or the density of the proppant delivered might be insufficient to maintain conductivity. Those portions of the fracture might then close, thereby reducing fracture conductivity. -So, a need exists for a method, apparatus and system to promote the self-propping of complex fractures and complex fractured regions, Generating proper fracture geometry, the conditions affecting the treatment of the individual reservoir (e.g., near-wellbore effects, reservoir heterogeneity and textural complexity, in-situ stress setting, rock-fluid interactions) should be determined before generating a fracture. -So, a need exists for a method, apparatus and system to detect the conditions required for generating induced fracture complexity, high fracture density, large surface area during fracturing, identify unique conditions of reservoir properties, in-situ stress, and completion settings to determine a design of fracture treatments that specifically adapt to these conditions. Method comprises knowing the textural and induced fracture complexity through software<nowiki>’</nowiki>s, drilling the first wellbore comprising a lateral well in the formation based on the complexity data, drill a second wellbore and fracture the second wellbore, inject a material (cement) that fills the fractures, pressurizing the fracturing fluid in the second wellbore, the fracture in the second wellbore penetrates in the first wellbore to induce a fracture in the first wellbore. The plan for introducing shear stress into the formation include fracturing wellbores with cement slurries or proppant, preventing closure, to alter the stress conditions prior to a subsequent fracture. [http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2011070453 WO2011070453A2] titled "Method for increasing fracture area" by Schlumberger. Existing fracture techniques are limited in providing an optimal effective fracture area. A method of improving the fracture area by a fracturing treatment, comprises the steps of first performing an evaluation of textural heterogeneity of a formation; Creating step over<nowiki>’</nowiki>s by delivering a fracture treatment material downhole at high pressure, propogating a fracture from step over<nowiki>’</nowiki>s and closing (isolating) the respective step over and re-pressurizing the fracturing material to create more step over<nowiki>’</nowiki>s and thus the fracture complexity and formation conductivity. [http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2011081550 WO2011081550A1] titled "Hydraulic fracturing system" by Schlumberger. Need of an inexpensive proppant materials for hydraulic fracturing of tight gas reservoir having crushable properties. '''Hydraulic fracturing utilizing crushable particulates''', which provide sufficient and cost effective fracture conductivity dependent on closure stress, has been presented. Crushable proppant produces more than about 20 percent fines in a crush test using hydraulic pressure, crushing can be controlled by changing rate of injection of proppant slurry. Fine particulates are used to deliver proppant far-field (deep into the reservoir away from the wellbore) into a complex fracture network, where no high strength proppants can be placed via current practices.
===Integrated Petroleum Technologies===
