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Wind Energy

7,191 bytes added, 09:54, 27 July 2015

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This report presents a brief introduction to wind energy and technologies available for horizontal wind turbines. A detailed taxonomy for horizontal axis wind turbines is presented covering parts of the turbine, control systems, applications among others. A detailed landscape analysis of patent and non-patent literature is done with a focus on Doubly-fed Induction Generators (DFIG) used in the horizontal axis wind turbines for efficient power generation. The product information of major players in the market is also captured for Doubly-fed Induction Generators. The final section of the report covers the existing and future market predictions for wind energy-based power generation.

=Introduction=

* We have been using wind power at least since 5000 BC to propel sailboats and sailing ships, and architects have used wind-driven natural ventilation in buildings since similarly ancient times. The use of wind to provide mechanical power came later.

For variable-speed systems with limited variable-speed range, e.g. ±30% of synchronous speed, the doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) can be an interesting solution. This is mainly due to the fact that the power electronic converter only has to handle a fraction (20-30%) of the total power as the converters are connected to the rotor and not to the stator. Therefore, the losses in the power electronic converter can be reduced, compared to a system where the converter has to handle the total power. The overall structure of wind power generation through DFIG as shown in the figure below.

=Market Research=

==The History of Wind Energy==

* '''3200 BC:''' Early Egyptians use wind to sail boats on the Nile River

* '''0 : ''' The Chinese fly kites during battle to signal their troops

* '''700s :''' People living in Sri Lanka use wind to smelt (separate) metal from rock ore. They would dig large crescent-shaped furnaces near the top of steep mountainsides. In summer, monsoon winds blow up the mountain slopes and into a furnace to create a mini-tornado. Charcoal fires inside the furnace could reach 1200°C (2200°F). Archaeologists believe the furnaces enabled Sri Lankans to make iron and steel for weapons and farming tools.

* '''950 AD:''' The first windmills are developed in Persia (present-day Iran). The windmills look like modern day revolving doors, enclosed on two sides to increase the tunnel effect. These windmills grind corn and pump water.

* '''1200s :''' Europeans begin to build windmills to grind grain. They also built the first post mills out of wood. The Mongolian armies of Genghis Khan capture Persian windmill builders and take them to China to build irrigation windmills. Persian-style windmills are built in the Middle East. In Egypt, windmills grind sugar cane.

* '''1300s :''' The Dutch invent the smock mill. The smock mill consists of a wooden tower with six or eight sides. The roof on top rotates to keep the sails in the wind.

~~:'''.''' ~~

* '''1892 :''' Danish inventor Poul LaCour invents a Dutch-style windmill with large wooden sails that generates electricity. He discovers that fast-turning rotors with few blades generate more electricity than slow-turning rotors with many blades. By 1908, Denmark has 72 windmills providing low-cost electricity to farms and villages.

~~:'''.''' ~~

*'''2000s :''' North Hoyle, the largest offshore wind farm in the United Kingdom, is built. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 strengthens incentives for wind and other renewable energy sources.

~~Source:[[Media:windenergy.pdf| Wind Energy]] ~~ To ~~know more~~ read about '''[[the History of Wind Energy]]''', '''[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=~~Wind_Energy#~~The_History_of_Wind_Energy click here]'''

==Global Wind Energy Market==

===Market Overview===

* In the year 2010, the wind capacity reached worldwide '''196’630 Megawatt''', after '''159’050 MW''' in 2009, '''120’903 MW''' in 2008, and '''93’930 MW''' in 2007.

[[Image:~~World_Installed~~World_Installed2.~~JPG~~PNG|center|~~589*277px~~600px|thumb|Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]

* Wind power showed a growth rate of '''23.6 %''', the lowest growth since 2004 and the second lowest growth of the past decade.

* For the first time in more than two decades, the market for new wind turbines was smaller than in the previous year and reached an overall size of '''37’642 MW''', after 38'312 MW in 2009.

[[Image:New.~~JPG~~PNG|center|~~589*277px~~600px|thumb|Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]

* All wind turbines installed by the end of 2010 worldwide can generate '''430 Tera watt hours per annum''', more than the total electricity demand of the United Kingdom, the sixth largest economy of the world, and equaling 2.5 % of the global electricity consumption.

* In the year 2010, altogether '''83 countries''', one more than in 2009, used wind energy for electricity generation. 52 countries increased their total installed capacity, after 49 in the previous year.

* The following chart shows the Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity Forecast,under the different scenarios:

[[Image:Global_Forecast.~~JPG~~PNG|center|~~618*363px~~1080px|thumb|Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity Forecast, Source: [http://www.gwec.net/fileadmin/documents/Publications/GWEO%202010%20final.pdf Global Wind Energy Outlook 2010]]]

* With '''23.6 %''', the year 2010 showed the second lowest growth rate of the last decade.

[[Image:World_Market_Growth Rates.~~JPG~~PNG|center|~~594*345px~~600px|thumb|World Market Growth Rates, Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]

* Before 2010, the annual growth rate had continued to increase since the year 2004, '''peaking in 2009 at 31.7%''', the highest rate since 2001.

* The Top 10 countries by Growth Rate are shown in the figure listed below (only markets bigger than 200 MW have been considered):

[[Image:Top_Growth_Countries.~~JPG~~PNG|center|~~606*428px~~600px|thumb|Top Countries by Market Growth Rates, Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]

==Geographical Market Distribution==

;# [[Regional Breakdown: Advanced scenario (GWEO 2010)]]

''Note: To know more about the '''[[Forecast Scenarios]]''', [http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Forecast_Scenarios click here]''

==Country-wise Market Distribution==

The top 10 countries by Total Installed Capacity for the year 2010, is illustrated in the chart below:

[[Image:Top_Installed_Countries.~~JPG~~PNG|center|~~702*434px~~600px|thumb|Top Countries by Market Growth Rates, Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]

To view the Top 10 countries by different other parameters for the year 2010, click on the links below:

To view the '''[[Country-wise Installed Wind Power Capacity]]''' (MW) 2002-2010 (Source: World Wind Energy Association), '''[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Country-wise_Installed_Wind_Power_Capacity click here]'''

==Country Profiles==

===China===

'''Wind Energy Outlook for China - 2011 & Beyond'''

Despite its rapid and seemingly unhampered expansion, the

Chinese wind power sector continues to face significant

challenges, including issues surrounding grid access and

integration, reliability of turbines and a coherent strategy for

developing China’s offshore wind resource. These issues will

be prominent during discussions around the twelfth Five-Year

Plan, which will be passed in March 2011. According to the

draft plan, this is expected to reflect the Chinese

government’s continuous and reinforced commitment to

wind power development, with national wind energy targets

of 90 GW for 2015 and 200 GW for 2020.

For a detailed country profile of China please visit this [[China Wind Energy Profile Link]]

===India===

'''Wind Energy Main market developments in 2010'''

Today the Indian market is emerging as one of the major

manufacturing hubs for wind turbines in Asia. Currently,

seventeen manufacturers have an annual production capacity

of 7,500 MW. According to the WISE, the annual wind turbine

manufacturing capacity in India is likely to exceed

17,000 MW by 2013.

The Indian market is expanding with the leading wind

companies like Suzlon, Vestas, Enercon, RRB Energy and GE

now being joined by new entrants like Gamesa, Siemens, and

WinWinD, all vying for a greater market share. Suzlon, however,

is still the market leader with a market share of over 50%.

The Indian wind industry has not been significantly affected

by the financial and economic crises. Even in the face of a

global slowdown, the Indian annual wind power market has

grown by almost 68%. However, it needs to be pointed out

that the strong growth in 2010 might have been stimulated

by developers taking advantage of the accelerated

depreciation before this option is phased out.

For a detailed country profile of India please visit this [[India Wind Energy Profile Link]]

==Market Share Analysis==

===Global Market Share===* Vestas leads the Global Market in the 2010 with a 12% market share according to Make Consulting, while BTM Consulting reports it to have a 14.8% market share.* According to Make Consulting, the global market share of Vestas has decreased from 19% in 2008, to 14.5% in 2009, to 12% in 2010.* According to BTM Consulting, the global market share of Vestas has changed from 19% in 2008, to 12% in 2009, to 14.8% in 2010.* According to Make Consulting, the global market share of GE Energy has decreased from 18% in 2008, to 12.5% in 2009, to 10% in 2010.* The market share of world no. 2 Sinovel, has been constantly increasing, from 5% in 2008 , to 9.3% in 2009, to 11% in 2010* The top 5 companies have been occupying more than half of the Global Market Share from 2008 to 2010 Source: [http://www.make-consulting.com Make Consulting], [http://www.btmgcs.com/ BTM Global Consulting] The chart given below illustrates the Global Market Share Comparison of Major Wind Energy Companies for the period 2008-2010, as provided by two different agencies, Make Consulting and BTM Consulting:[[Image:~~Market_Share~~Market_Share_Comparison.JPG|center|~~828*466px~~1080px|thumb|Global Market Share Comparison of Major Companies for the period 2008-2010, Source: [http://www.make-consulting.com Make Consulting], [http://www.btmgcs.com/ BTM Global Consulting]]] ===Market Share - Top 10 Markets===* While Vestas is the Global Leader, it is the leader in only one of Top 10 markets, which is 10th placed Sweden* But, Vestas is ranked 2nd in 5 of Top 10 markets* Sinovel, ranked 2nd globally, features only once in the Top 3 Companies list in the Top 10 markets, but scores globally because it leads the largest market China* The table given below illustrates the Top 3 players in Top 10 Wind Energy Markets of the world:{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Market'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''MW'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''No. 1'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''No. 2'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''No. 3'''|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''China'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|18928|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sinovel|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Goldwind|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Dongfang|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''USA'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5115|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE Energy|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''India'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2139|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Germany'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1551|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''UK'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1522|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Spain'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1516|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE Energy|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''France'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1186|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Italy'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|948|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Canada'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|690|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE Energy|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Sweeden'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|604|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1" colspan = "5"|''Source: BTM Consult - part of Navigant Consulting - March 2011''|-|} Source: [http://www.btm.dk/reports/world+market+update+2010 BTM Consult]

==Company Profiles==

# '''[[Vestas Wind Systems A/S]]'''

# '''[[Suzlon Energy]]'''

==Major Wind Turbine Suppliers=={|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"|align = "center" bgcolor = "# 4F81BD"|'''Turbine maker'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Rotor blades'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gear boxes'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Generators'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Towers'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Controllers'''|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas, LM|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Bosch Rexroth, Hansen, Wingery, Moventas|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Weier, Elin, ABB, LeroySomer|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Vestas, NEG, DMI|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cotas (Vestas), NEG (Dancontrol)|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE energy|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|LM, Tecsis|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Wingery, Bosch, Rexroth, Eickhoff, GE|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Loher, GE|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|DMI, Omnical, SIAG|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa, LM|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Echesa (Gamesa), Winergy, Hansen|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Indar (Gamesa), Cantarey|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Ingelectric (Gamesa)|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Direct drive|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|KGW, SAM|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Siemens wind|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens, LM|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Winergy|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|ABB|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Roug, KGW|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Siemens, KK Electronic|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Hansen, Winergy|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Suzlon, Siemens|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Suzlon, Mita Teknik|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Repower|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|LM|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Winergy, Renk, Eickhoff|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|N/A|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|N/A|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Mita Teknik, ReGuard|-|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nordex|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nordex|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Winergy, Eickhoff, Maag|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Loher|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Nordex, Omnical|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Nordex, Mita Teknik|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1" colspan = "6"|''Source: BTM Consult''|-|} ==Products of Top Companies=={|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width=”42”|'''S.No.'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Company'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Product'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Specifications'''|-valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|V80|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power: '''2.0 MW, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4-pole, '''Operating Temperature: -'''30°C to 40°|- valign="top"|align = "center"|2|[GE http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]|V90|'''Rated Power:''' 1.8/2.0 MW, '''Frequency :''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles :''' 4-pole(50 Hz)/6-pole(60 Hz), '''Operating Temperature: -'''30°C to 40°|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|V90 Offshore|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 3.0 MW, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4-pole, '''Operating Temperature: '''-30°C to 40°|- valign="top"|align = "center"|4|[http://www.china-windturbine.com/news/doubly_wind_turbines.htm North Heavy Company]|2 MW DFIG|'''Rated Power:''' 2.0 MW, '''Rated Voltage:''' 690V, '''Rated Current:''' 1670A, '''Frequency:''' 50Hz, '''Number of Poles :''' 4-pole, '''Rotor Rated Voltage:''' 1840V, '''Rotor Rated Current''' 670A, '''Rated Speed:''' 1660rpm;''' Power Speed Range: '''520-1950 rpm, '''Insulation Class:''' H, '''Protection Class:''' IP54, '''Motor Temperature Rise''' =<nowiki><</nowiki>95K|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:X9KReq0YEigJ:www.iberdrolarenewables.us/bluecreek/docs/primary/03-Appendices/_Q-Brochure-of-G-90-Turbine/Brochure-G-90-Turbine.pdf+gamesa+g90&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgldaLogi1i5Pg71zE-FO_AMqbeKL5wJiA8LVklgq5ev2in Gamesa]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|G90|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Voltage:''' 690 V, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4, '''Rotational Speed:''' 900:1,900 rpm (rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz); '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class:''' IP 54, '''Power Factor(standard):''' 0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power Factor(Optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range|- valign="top"|align = "center"|6|[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]| N80|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage:''' 690V, '''Frequency:''' 50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems:''' liquid/air|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| N90|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V,''' Frequency: '''50/60Hz,''' Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air|- valign="top"|align = "center"|8|[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]|N100|'''Rated Power:''' 2.4 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Frequency: '''50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| N117|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Frequency: '''50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air|- valign="top"|align = "center"|10|[http://www.converteam.com/majic/pageServer/1704040148/en/index.html Converteam]|DFIG|NA|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|11|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://geoho.en.alibaba.com/product/252321923-0/1_5MW_doubly_fed_asynchronous_generator.html Xian Geoho EnergyTechnology]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1.5MW DFIG|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1550KW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Rated Speed: '''1755 r/min, '''Speed Range: '''975<nowiki>~</nowiki>1970 r/min, '''Number of Poles: '''4-pole, '''Stator Rated Voltage: '''690V±10%, '''Stator Rated Current: '''1115A; '''Rotor Rated Voltage: '''320V, '''Rotor Rated Current: '''430A, '''Winding Connection: '''Y / Y, '''Power Factor: '''0.95(Lead) <nowiki>~</nowiki> 0.95Lag,''' Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Insulation Class: '''H, '''Work Mode: '''S1, '''Installation ModeI: '''M B3, '''Cooling Mode: '''Air cooling, '''Weight: '''6950kg|- valign="top"|align = "center"|12|[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]|TW450XX (0.5-1 KW)|'''Rated Power:''' 0.5 -1 KW, '''Rated Voltage: '''460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4/6,''' Ambient Temp.(°C): -'''40 to 50, '''Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed): '''68% to 134%, '''Power Factor (Leading): -'''0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90 , '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency: '''<nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|13|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|TW500XX (1-2 KW)|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1-2 kW,''' Rated Voltage:''' 460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency:''' 50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4/6, Ambient Temp.(°C): -40 to 50; '''Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed):''' 68 to 134%, '''Power Factor(Leading): -'''0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90, '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency:''' <nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%|- valign="top"|align = "center"|14|[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]|TW560XX (2-3 KW)|'''Rated Power: '''2-3kW, '''Rated Voltage: '''460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4/6, '''Ambient Temp(°C): ''' -40 to 50, '''Speed Range(% of Synch. Speed)''':''' '''68 to 134%, '''Power Factor(Leading):''' -0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90, '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency:''' <nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%.|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|15|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/West-Branch-Wind-Turbine-Generator-Assembly-Plant.aspx Acciona]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|AW1500|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1.5MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690 V, '''Frequency: '''50 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4, '''Rotational Speed: '''900:1,900 rpm(rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz), '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Power Factor(standard): '''0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power factor(optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range|- valign="top"|align = "center"|16|[http://www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/West-Branch-Wind-Turbine-Generator-Assembly-Plant.aspx Acciona]|AW3000|'''Rated Power:''' 3.0MW, '''Rated Voltage: ''' 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4, '''Rotational Speed: '''900:1,900 rpm(rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz), '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Power Factor(standard): '''0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power Factor (optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|17|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://gepower.com/businesses/ge_wind_energy/en/index.htm General Electric]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|GE 1.5/2.5MW|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1.5/2.5 MW, '''Frequency(Hz): '''50/60|-|}

= IP Search & Analysis =

|}

===Concept Table===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="38"|'''S. No.'''

|}

==Sample Analysis==

A sample of 139 patents from the search is analyzed based on the taxonomy.

Provided a link below for sample spread sheet analysis for doubly-fed induction generators.

===Patent Analysis===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="38"|'''S. No.'''

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" |'''Patent/Publication No.'''

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="105"|'''Publication Date '''(mm/dd/yyyy)

===Article Analysis===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|'''S .No.'''

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="105"|'''Publication Date '''(mm/dd/yyyy)

Click '''[[Media:Doublyfed_induction_generators1.xls| here]]''' to view the detailed analysis sheet for doubly-fed induction generators article analysis.

===Top Cited Patents===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"

* Below table shows a sample representation of white space analysis for controlling DFIG parameters with converters, based on the sample analysis.

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="14" width="20%"

| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''White Space of converters used to control'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Active power'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Reactive Power'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Decoupled P-Q control'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Field oriented control'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Direct torque control'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Speed control'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Frequency Control'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Pitch control'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''PWM Technique'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Low voltage ride through'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Network fault/Grid fault'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Faults'''</center>| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Temp control'''</center>

|-

| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Grid Side active converters'''</center>

|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]

[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060028025%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060028025&RS=DN/20060028025 US20060028025A1]

[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]

|-

| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Grid side passive converters'''</center>

|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030151259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030151259&RS=DN/20030151259 US20030151259A1]

|-

| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Rotor side converter'''</center>

|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100142237%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100142237&RS=DN/20100142237 US20100142237A1]

[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]

[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]

|-

| style="background-color:#~~99ccff~~4F81BD;"| <center>'''Matrix converters'''</center>

|

| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220020079706%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020079706&RS=DN/20020079706 US20020079706A1]

|}

== Dolcera Dashboard ==

[[Image:dashboard_features.png|center|750px|]]

'''Dashboard Link'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"

|'''[~~http~~https://~~client~~www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.~~html~~php?workfile_id=825 Doubly Fed Induction Generator - Dashboard] '''

|-

*Flash Player is essential to view the Dolcera dashboard

=~~Products~~=~~{|border~~Key Findings=~~"2" cellspacing~~=~~"0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"|align~~ = ~~"center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width=”38”|'''S. No.'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Company'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Product'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Specifications'''|-valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|V80|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power: '''2.0 MW, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4-pole, '''Operating Temperature: -'''30°C to 40°|- valign="top"|align = "center"|2|[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]|V90|'''Rated Power:''' 1.8/2.0 MW, '''Frequency :''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles :''' 4-pole(50 Hz)/6-pole(60 Hz), '''Operating Temperature: -'''30°C to 40°|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|V90 Offshore|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 3.0 MW, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4-pole, '''Operating Temperature: '''-30°C to 40°|- valign="top"|align = "center"|4|[http://www.china-windturbine.com/news/doubly_wind_turbines.htm North Heavy Company]|2 MW DFIG~~|'''Rated Power:''' 2.0 MW, '''Rated Voltage:''' 690V, '''Rated Current:''' 1670A, '''Frequency:''' 50Hz, '''Number of Poles :''' 4-pole, '''Rotor Rated Voltage:''' 1840V, '''Rotor Rated Current''' 670A, '''Rated Speed:''' 1660rpm;''' Power Speed Range: '''520-1950 rpm, '''Insulation Class:''' H, '''Protection Class:''' IP54, '''Motor Temperature Rise''' =<nowiki><</nowiki>95K~~|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5~~|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:X9KReq0YEigJ:www.iberdrolarenewables.us/bluecreek/docs/primary/03-Appendices/_Q-Brochure-of-G-90-Turbine/Brochure-G-90-Turbine.pdf+gamesa+g90&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgldaLogi1i5Pg71zE-FO_AMqbeKL5wJiA8LVklgq5ev2in Gamesa]~~|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|G90~~|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Voltage:''' 690 V, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4, '''Rotational Speed:''' 900:1,900 rpm (rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz); '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class:''' IP 54, '''Power Factor(standard):''' 0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power Factor(Optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range~~|- valign="top"|align = "center"|6|[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]| N80|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage:''' 690V, '''Frequency:''' 50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems:''' liquid/air|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| N90|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V,''' Frequency: '''50/60Hz,''' Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air|- valign="top"|align = "center"|8|[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]|N100|'''Rated Power:''' 2.4 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Frequency: '''50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| N117|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Frequency: '''50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air|- valign="top"|align = "center"|10|[http://www.converteam.com/majic/pageServer/1704040148/en/index.html Converteam]|DFIG|NA|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|11|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://geoho.en.alibaba.com/product/252321923-0/1_5MW_doubly_fed_asynchronous_generator.html Xian Geoho Energy Technology]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1.5MW DFIG~~|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1550KW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Rated Speed: '''1755 r/min, '''Speed Range: '''975<nowiki>~</nowiki>1970 r/min, '''Number of Poles: '''4-pole, '''Stator Rated Voltage: '''690V±10%, '''Stator Rated Current: '''1115A; '''Rotor Rated Voltage: '''320V, '''Rotor Rated Current: '''430A, '''Winding Connection: '''Y / Y, '''Power Factor: '''0.95(Lead) <nowiki>~</nowiki> 0.95Lag,''' Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Insulation Class: '''H, '''Work Mode: '''S1, '''Installation ModeI: '''M B3, '''Cooling Mode: '''Air cooling, '''Weight: '''6950kg~~|- valign="top"|align = "center"|12|[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]|TW450XX (0.5-1 KW)~~|'''Rated Power:''' 0.5 -1 KW, '''Rated Voltage: '''460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4/6,''' Ambient Temp.(°C): -'''40 to 50, '''Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed): '''68% to 134%, '''Power Factor (Leading): -'''0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90 , '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency: '''<nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%~~|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|13|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|TW500XX (1-2 KW)~~|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1-2 kW,''' Rated Voltage:''' 460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency:''' 50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4/6, Ambient Temp.(°C): -40 to 50; '''Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed):''' 68 to 134%, '''Power Factor(Leading): -'''0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90, '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency:''' <nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%~~|- valign="top"|align = "center"|14|[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]|TW560XX (2-3 KW)~~|'''Rated Power: '''2-3kW, '''Rated Voltage: '''460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4/6, '''Ambient Temp(°C): ''' -40 to 50, '''Speed Range(% of Synch. Speed)''':''' '''68 to 134%, '''Power Factor(Leading):''' -0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90, '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency:''' <nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%.~~|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|15|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/West-Branch-Wind-Turbine-Generator-Assembly-Plant.aspx Acciona]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|AW1500~~|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1.5MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690 V, '''Frequency: '''50 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4, '''Rotational Speed: '''900:1,900 rpm(rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz), '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Power Factor(standard): '''0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power factor(optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range~~|- valign="top"|align = "center"|16|[http://www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/West-Branch-Wind-Turbine-Generator-Assembly-Plant.aspx Acciona]|AW3000~~|'''Rated Power:''' 3.0MW, '''Rated Voltage: ''' 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4, '''Rotational Speed: '''900:1,900 rpm(rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz), '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Power Factor(standard): '''0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power Factor (optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range~~|- valign="top"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|17|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|[http://gepower.com/businesses/ge_wind_energy/en/index.htm General Electric]|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|GE 1.5/2.5MW|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1.5/2.5 MW, '''Frequency(Hz): '''50/60~~|-|} ~~=Key Findings=~~== Major Players ===

* [http://www.vestas.com/ Vestas Wind Energy Systems] and [http://www.ge.com/ General Electric] are the major players in wind energy generation technology.

[[Image:Wind_Major_Players.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Major Players''']]

=== Key Patents ===

* The key patents in the field are held by [http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_installed_capacity.asp US Windpower], [http://www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Wind/windhome.shtml Oregon State] and [http://www.vestas.com/ Vestas Wind Energy Systems].

[[Image:wind_top_cited.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Key Patents''']]

=== IP Activity ===

* Patenting activity has seen a very high growth rate in the last two years.

[[Image:ind_pat_act_3.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Year wise IP Activity''']]

=== Geographical Activity ===

* USA, China, Germany, Spain, and India are very active in wind energy research.

[[Image:wind_geographical_act.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Geographical Activity''']]

=== Research Trend ===

* Around 86% patents are on controlling the doubly-fed induction generation(DFIG) which indicates high research activity going on in rating and controlling of the DFIG systems.

=== Issues in the Technology ===

* 86% of the patent on DFIG operation are focusing on grid connected mode of operation, suggesting continuous operation of the DFIG system during weak and storm winds, grid voltage sags, and grid faults are major issues in the current scenario.

[[Image:Windenergyanalysis.jpg|center|1200px|thumb|'''Problem Solution Mapping''']]

=== Emerging Player ===

* [http://www.woodward.com/ Woodward] is a new and fast developing player in the field of DFIG technology. The company filed 10 patent applications in the field in year 2010, while it has no prior IP activity.

Thungana.praveen

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