Changes

Ureteral Stent

44,445 bytes added, 13:45, 27 July 2015

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== '''This is a landscape report on the Ureteral ~~Stent: Concept ==An antimicrobial ureteral~~ stentmarket, ~~which inhibits encrustation~~ including key company profiles, products, patents and ~~bacterial colonization while maintaining patient comfort~~relevant clinical trials.'''

*'''''What is it?''''' A ureteral stent is a specially designed hollow tube, made of a flexible plastic material that is placed in the ureter.

*'''''Need for a ureteral stent:''''' In patients who have, or might have, an obstruction (blockage) of the kidney, an internal drainage tube called a ‘stent’ is commonly placed in the ureter, the tube between the kidney and the bladder. This is placed there in order to prevent or temporarily relieve the obstruction.

==Background==

[[Image:Ureteral_Stent.png|thumb|200px|<center>[http://www.pnnmedical.com/urology/professionals/products/memokath%E2%84%A2-051-ureter.aspx '''Ureteric Stent''']</center>]]

Ureteral stents are used in urological surgery to maintain patency of the ureter to allow urine drainage from the renal pelvis to the bladder. These devices can be placed by a number of different endourological techniques. They are typically inserted through a cystoscope and may also be inserted intraoperatively. Indwelling ureteral stents help to reduce complications and morbidity subsequent to urological and surgical procedures. Frequently, ureteral stents are used

to facilitate drainage in conjunction with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and after endoscopic procedures. They are also used to internally support anastomoses and prevent urine leakage after surgery. Ureteral stenting may almost eliminate the urological complications of renal transplantation.

An antimicrobial ureteral stent, which inhibits encrustation and bacterial colonization while maintaining patient comfort.

* Ureteral stent: resists migration, resists fragmentation, is kink resistant and radiopaque.

* Bacterial colonization: antimicrobial activity for up to two weeks.

* Patient Comfort: stent has a low coefficient of ~~fiiction~~ friction (value) for ease of insertion and will soften on implant at body temperature to maintain patient comfort.

~~== Background ==~~ ~~Ureteral stents are used in urological surgery to maintain patency of the ureter to allow urine drainage from the renal pelvis to the bladder~~'''[[more on background. ~~These devices can be placed by a number of different endourological techniques~~. They are typically inserted through a cystoscope and may also be inserted intraoperatively. Indwelling ureteral stents help to reduce complications and morbidity subsequent to urological and surgical procedures. Frequently, ureteral stents are used to facilitate drainage inconjunction with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and after endoscopic procedures. They are also used to internally support anastomoses and prevent urine leakage after surgery. Ureteral stenting may almost eliminate the urological complications of renal transplantation. ]]'''

~~The advent of ESWL and the more recent barrage of endourological techniques have increased the indications for ureteral stents (Candela and Bellman 1997). Indications for use include:~~* Treatment of ureteral or kidney stones* Ureteral trauma or stricture* Genitourinary reconstructive surgery* Hydronephrosis during pregnancy* Obstruction due to malignancy* Retroperitoneal fibrosis=Market Overview=

~~The need~~ Market for ureteral ~~stents range from a few days to several months~~stent can be analyzed by estimating market for each of Ureteral Stent’s fundamental use. ~~For patients with serious urological problems, ureteral stent maintenance may become a life~~Other uses of Ureteral Stent include Post-~~long necessity. Unfortunately~~surgical swelling/infection of uterus, ~~there are many problems associated with using ureteral stents~~Active kidney infection etc.

~~=== Ureteric stenting difficulties ===~~'''[[~~Image:Ureteral stent~~more on market overview...~~jpg|thumb|right|350px~~]]~~{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="50%"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Common'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Rare~~'''~~~~

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|<mm>[[Ureteral_Stent_Patent_Categorization.mm|flash|Patent Categorization|600pt]]</mm>

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=Patents=

==Patent Search Strategy==

[[Image:Patent Search Strategy.jpg|700px]]

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|'''[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=1008 Ureteral Stent - Dashboard] '''

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* Trigonal irritation

* Haematuria

* Fever

* Infection

* Tissue inflammation

* Encrustation

* Biofilm formation

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* Obstruction

* Kinking

* Ureteric rupture

* Ureteric perforation

* Stent misplacement

* Stent migration

* Stent misfit

* Stent forgotten

* Tissue hyperplasia

|}

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~~Today, elastomeric materials, such as silicones, polyurethanes and hydrogel-coated polyolefins are used, with no clear winner, which can withstand the urinary environment.~~ * Although silicone has better long-term stability than other stent materials, its extreme flexibility makes it difficult to pass over guidewires and through narrow or tortuous ureters. * Polyethylene is stiffer and easier to use for patients with strictures; however, it has been known to become brittle with time leading to breakage and is no longer commercially available. * Polyurethane has properties that fall in between polyethylene and silicone; however, stent fracture also has been an issue with polyurethanes.= Clinical Trials =

~~Attempts~~ ==New trials == {|border "1" style="border-spacing:0;"| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''S.No. '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Title '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''Conditions '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Intervention: Device'''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Sponsors and Collaborators '''</center>|-| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00250406?term=ureteral+stent&rank=1 Assessment of Drug-Eluting Ureteral Stent on Bacterial Adherence and Biofilm Formation]| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Renal Calculi, Ureteral Obstruction| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Ureteral Stent| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Lawson Health Research Institute, Boston Scientific Corporation |-| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00270504?term=urethral+stent&rank=1 Memokath® 044TW Stent for Treatment of Urethral Stricture]| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Urethral Stricture| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Memokath stenting| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group |-| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00581178?term=urologic+stent&rank=3 Study to Determine if There Are Specific Clinical Factors to Determine Stent Encrustation]| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Kidney Stones| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| N\A| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| University of California, Irvine |-| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00288457?term=urologic+stent&rank=14 Ureteral Stent Length and Patient Symptoms]| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kidney Stones| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Ureteral Stent| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Emory University |-| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00166361?term=urologic+stent&rank=1 Drainage of Malignant Extrinsic Ureteral Obstruction Using the Memokath Ureteral Stent]| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Ureteral Obstruction| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Memokath 051 Ureteral Stent| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Mayo Clinic Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group |-| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00739284?term=urologic+stent&rank=15 A Prospective Comparison Between Ureteral Stent and Nephrostomy Tube for an Urgent Drainage of Obstructed Kidney (JJVsPCN08)]| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kidney Disease| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Nephrostomy tube and ureteral stent| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Rabin Medical Center |} == Concluded trials =={| {{table}}| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''S.No. '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''Title'''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''Abstract'''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''Enrollment'''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''Disorder'''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''Conclusion'''</center>|-| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>1</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Long-term outcome of permanent urethral stents in the treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia || style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a permanently implanted urethral stent in the treatment of spinally injured patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|13|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Stenting is an effective alternative to sphincterotomy in the long-term, although secondary bladder neck obstruction is a frequent problem.|-| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>| Nephrostomy Tube or 'JJ' Ureteric Stent in Ureteric Obstruction: Assessment of Patient Perspectives Using Quality-of-Life Survey and Utility Analysis||Upper urinary tract obstruction is often relieved by either a percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCN) or a ureteric stent. Both can cause considerable morbidity and reduce patient's health-related quality of life (QoL). We have ~~been made~~ compared the QoL in these 2 groups.||34||Upper urinary tract obstruction||Patients with 'JJ' stents have significantly more irritative urinary symptoms and a high chance of local discomfort than patients with nephrostomy tubes (PCN). However, based on the EuroQol analysis, there is no significant difference in the gross impact on the health-related QoL or the utility between these groups indicating no patient preference for either modality of treatment.|-| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Impact of stents on urological complications and health care expenditure in renal transplant recipients: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial.|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|A randomized, prospective trial to ~~develop polymers~~ compare the incidence of early urological complications and health care expenditures in renal transplant recipients with or without ureteral stenting.|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|201|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Renal transplant recipient|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Using a ~~combination~~ ureteral stent at renal transplantation significantly decreases the early urinary complications of urine leakage and obstruction. However, there is a significant increase in urinary tract infections, primarily beyond 30 days after transplantation. Stent removal within 4 weeks of insertion appears advisable.|} ==Pre-Market Notification== Some of the ~~best~~ companies active in the field of ~~all properties~~ureteral stents have been represented in the table below. ~~The key players are C~~ {| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"| style="background-~~Flex~~ color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''S.No. '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>'''Company '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Device '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Approval '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Date of Approval '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Material '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Technology '''</center>| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Indwelling Time (~~Concept Polymer Technologies~~days)'''</center>|-| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/categoryTwo.aspx?bUnitID=3&catOneID=71 Bard Urological]</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[[Image:InLay_Optima.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>InLay Optima</center>|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3∏ID=225 <center>InLay Optima</center>]]]| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=16869 FDA 510(k)]</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Dec 2004</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Silicone| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Double pigtail with monofilament suture loop| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>365</center>|-| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.bostonscientific.com/Device.bsci/, ~~Silitek and~~ ,/method/DevHome/navRelId/1000.1003/seo.serve Boston Scientific]</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [[Image:Polaris_Loop.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://www.bostonscientific.com/urology-stone/product.html?method=product_detail∏uct_id=10122561#initialLoad1() <center>Polaris Loop</center>]]]| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=10929 FDA 510(k)]</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Mar 2003</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Dual Durometer Percuflex with HydroPlus Coating| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Bladder loop design| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>365</center>|-| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/familyListingAction.do?family=Ureteral+Stents Cook Medical]</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [[Image:Resonance.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=4418 <center>Resonance</center>]]]| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=23620 FDA 510(k)]</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>May 2007</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Metal| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Temporary stenting| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>365</center>|-| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| <center>'''4'''</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| <center>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm Fossa Medical]</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| [[Image:Stone_Sweeper.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://dolcera.com/upload/files/stonesweeper_fossa_trial.pdf <center>Stone Sweeper</center>]]]| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm FDA 510(k)]</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Aug 2002</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| Polyurethane| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| Spiral radially expanding stent| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| <center>13</center>|-| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm CE Mark]</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Sep 2005</center> |-| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.pnnmedical.com/urology/professionals/products/memokath™-051-ureter.aspx Pnn Medical A/S]</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [[Image:Memokath_051.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CC4QFjAD&url=http://www.hammer.pl/pliki/147_2.pdf&rct=j&q=memokath%20051&ei=MfhATezNIoaqvQP-_ZGtAw&usg=AFQjCNFR-ZFsu33rk6B9Flq1tCsYBZyXMw&cad=rja <center>Memokath 051</center>]]]| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.pnnmedical.com/about-pnn-medical/company-history.aspx CE Mark]</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1995</center>| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Double fluted ended spiral stent| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>240</center>|} =Products= The FDA classifies a ureteric stent as follows: * TITLE 21 - FOOD AND DRUGS* CHAPTER I - FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES* SUBCHAPTER H - MEDICAL DEVICES* PART 876 - GASTROENTEROLOGY-UROLOGY DEVICES* Subpart E - Surgical Devices* Sec. 876.4620 - Ureteral stent. * Classification - class II device [http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/SCRIPTS/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFR.cfm?fr=876.4620&Term=ureter%20stent Code of Federal Regulations] {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Sr. No.'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Company'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Device(s)'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Approval'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Approval Date'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Material'''|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Technology'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Indwelling Time (days)'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Image'''|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''1'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.allium-medical.com/?categoryId=64772 Allium, Israel]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.allium-medical.com/?categoryId=64772 URS]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-165990208.html CE Mark]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jul, 2007|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy covered by polymer|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Self-expanding stent|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:656px-Allium.jpg|thumb|center|100px|<center>Allium</center>]] |-|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''2'''|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|[http://www.pnnmedical.com/urology/professionals/products/memokath™-051-ureter.aspx Pnn Medical A/S]|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CC4QFjAD&url=http://www.hammer.pl/pliki/147_2.pdf&rct=j&q=memokath%20051&ei=MfhATezNIoaqvQP-_ZGtAw&usg=AFQjCNFR-ZFsu33rk6B9Flq1tCsYBZyXMw&cad=rja Memokath 051]|align = "center"|[http://www.pnnmedical.com/about-pnn-medical/company-history.aspx CE Mark]|align = "center"|1995|rowspan = "2"|Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy|rowspan = "2"|Double fluted ended spiral stent|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|240|rowspan = "2"|[[Image:Memokath_051.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Memokath 051</center>]] |-|align = "center"|[http://www.zapconnect.com/products/index.cfm/fuseaction/products_display_detail/eregnum/8021561/owner_operator_number/8021561/product_code/FAD/8021561.html FDA Listing]|align = "center"|Mar, 2004|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "5"|'''3'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "5"|[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm Fossa Medical]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|[http://dolcera.com/upload/files/stonesweeper_fossa_trial.pdf Stone Sweeper]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm CE Mark]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Sep, 2005|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Polyurethane|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Radially expanding stent|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|13|rowspan = "2" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Stone_Sweeper.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Stone Sweeper</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm FDA 510(k)]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Aug, 2002 |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K033368 Open lumen stent]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K033368 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nov, 2003|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Polyurethane|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Pigtail-tipped stent with <nowiki>’</nowiki>Pusher<nowiki>’</nowiki>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"| [[Image:Open_Lumen.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Open_lumen</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm CE Mark]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Sep, 2005|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K021140 Expanding Ureteral Stent]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K021140 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jun, 2002|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Polyurethane|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double pigtail stent with <nowiki>’</nowiki>Pusher<nowiki>’</nowiki>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| N/A |-|align = "center" rowspan = "7"|'''4'''|align = "center" rowspan = "7"|[http://www.bostonscientific.com/Device.bsci/,,/method/DevHome/navRelId/1000.1003/seo.serve Boston Scientific]|align = "center"|Contour|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Percuflex - proprietary polyolefin copolymer; Hydroplus coating|Fixed and variable length; Tapered tip|align = "center"|365|align = "center" |[[Image:Contour.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Contour</center>]] |-|align = "center"|Percuflex|align = "center"| |align = "center"||align = "center"| Percuflex|Pigtail|align = "center"|365|align = "center" |[[Image:Percuflex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Percuflex</center>]] |-|align = "center"|Polaris Ultra|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&id=K010002 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Jan, 2001|Dual Durometer Percuflex with HydroPlus Coating; soft Nautilus Bladder Coil.* |Double pigtail|align = "center"|365|align = "center" |[[Image:Polaris_Ultra.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Polaris Ultra</center>]] |-|align = "center"|Polaris Loop|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=10929 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Mar, 2003|Dual Durometer Percuflex with HydroPlus Coating|Bladder loop design|align = "center"|365|align = "center" |[[Image:Polaris_Loop.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Polaris Loop</center>]] |-|align = "center"|[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CCkQFjAD&url=http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/Microsite/Stone-EU/collateral/stone-eu-percuflex-brochure-eng.pdf&rct=j&q=percuflex%20brochure&ei=bIE-Tb79HMnqrAf5-_HRCA&usg=AFQjCNEJ-JOc Retromax Plus]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Percuflex material and Hydroplus coating|Endopyelotomy stent|align = "center"|Post-procedure healing|align = "center" |[[Image:Retromax_plus.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Retromax Plus</center>]] |-|align = "center"|[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CCkQFjAD&url=http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/Microsite/Stone-EU/collateral/stone-eu-percuflex-brochure-eng.pdf&rct=j&q=percuflex%20brochure&ei=bIE-Tb79HMnqrAf5-_HRCA&usg=AFQjCNEJ-JOc Stretch VL Flexima]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Hydroplus Coating|Variable length coil on distal and proximal ends|align = "center"|90|align = "center" |[[Image:Stretch_VL_Flexima.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Stretch VL Flexima</center>]] |-|align = "center"|[http://dolcera.com/upload/files/drug_eluting_ureteral_stent.pdf Drug-Eluting Stent]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Percuflex - proprietary polyolefin copolymer|Ketorolac trimethamine loaded stent|align = "center"||align = "center"| N/A|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|'''5'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/familyListingAction.do?family=Ureteral+Stents Cook Medical]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=4418 Resonance]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=23620 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|May, 2007|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Metal|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|365|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Resonance.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Resonance</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=2055 Sof-flex]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|AQ® Hydrophilic Coating|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Radiopaque tip and tether for repositioning |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|180|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Sof_flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Sof-flex</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=3627 Endo-Sof]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|AQ® Hydrophilic Coating|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double pigtail|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|365|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Endo_Sof.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Endo-Sof</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=3643 C-Flex ~~is proprietary silicone oil~~ ]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double Pigtail|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|180|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:C_Flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>C-Flex</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=4692 Smith Universal]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nephrostomy tube <nowiki>+</nowiki> Ureteral stent|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|60|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Smith_Universal.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Smith Universal</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/90717.php Endo-Sof Radiance]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/90717.php Launch]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Dec, 2007|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Heparin-bonded stent|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"||-|align = "center"|'''6'''|align = "center"|[http://qurological.com/product/ Q Urological]|align = "center"|[http://qurological.com/product/ pAguaMedicina™ Pediatric Ureteral Stent]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=29056 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Jan, 2010|Hydrogel|Differentially larger end (no pigtail)|align = "center"|30|align = "center" |[[Image:pAguaMedicina.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>pAguaMedicina</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''7'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.bioteq.com.tw/en/products.php?kind=2&series=4 Bioteque Corp.]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Ureteral Stent Set|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.bioteq.com.tw/en/news_detail.php?id=1&query_string= FDA 510(k) ]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Apr, 2010|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|30|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:bioteque.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Bioteque</center>]] |-|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''8'''|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents Applied Medical Resources, CA, USA]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=4353 Mesh]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=4353 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Jul, 2001|Polyester mesh|Double-pigtail|align = "center"| |align = "center"| N/A|-|align = "center"|[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents Silhouette ]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Coil-reinforced; SL-6® hydrophilic coating|Patency Device|align = "center"| |align = "center" |[[Image:silhouette.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Silhouette</center>]] |-|align = "center"|[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents Applied Standard]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=124645 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Jun, 1999|Proprietary thermoplastic elastomer material; SL-6® hydrophilic coating|Unique wall construction and ~~mineral oil interpenetrated into~~ enlarged drainage holes |align = "center"| |align = "center" |[[Image:Applied_Std1.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Applied Standard</center>]] |-|align = "center"|[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents 7-10 endopyelotomy]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Proprietary thermoplastic elastomer material; SL-6® hydrophilic coating|Dual Diameter stent|align = "center"| |align = "center" |[[Image:Applied_7_10.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Endopyelotomy Stent</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|'''9'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/categoryTwo.aspx?bUnitID=3&catOneID=71 Bard Urological]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=225 InLay Optima]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=16869 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Dec, 2004|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double pigtail with monofilament suture loop|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|365|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:InLay_Optima.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>InLay Optima</center>]] |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=227 Bardex® Double Pigtail Soft Stent]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=8912 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jan, 2003|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Attached with suture for ease of removal|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Bardex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Bardex</center>]]|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=228 Fluoro-4 Silicone Ureteral Stent]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone/tantalum|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Fluoro_4.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Fluoro 4</center>]]|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=230 Figure-4 Silicone Ureteral Stent]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Three dimensional design|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Figure_4.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Figure 4</center>]]|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=226 InLay Ureteral Stent]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=122796 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Dec, 1998|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Tapered tip and lubricious hydrophilic coating |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:InLay.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>InLay</center>]]|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=229 Urinary Diversion Stent]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=86128 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Apr, 1991|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Urinary_Diversion_Stent.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Urinary Diversion Stent</center>]]|-|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''10'''|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|[http://www.coloplast.com/Pages/home.aspx Coloplast-Porges]|align = "center"|[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=251 Vortek]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=121312 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Oct, 1998|Silicone|Double coating for easy maneuverability as well as flexibility|align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Vortek.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Vortek</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=248 Biosoft]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=121312 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Oct, 1998|Silicone|Extreme flexibility|align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Biosoft.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Biosoft</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=249 Polyurethane]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Hard or soft Polyurethane|Designed for short-term use|align = "center"| 90|align = "center"|[[Image:Polyurethane1.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Polyurethane</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=250 Silicone]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=6586 FDA 510k)]|align = "center"|Oct, 2002|Silicone|''Pyatiprofilnaya'' technology |align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Silicone1.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Silicone</center>]]|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''11'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.teleflex.com/en/emea/productAreas/urology/index.html Teleflex Medical]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CCQQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myrusch.com%2Fimages%2Frusch%2Fdocs%2FU62C.pdf&rct=j&q=DD%2Bureteral%2Bstent&ei=CcY-TeDWHcrirAfyr4naCA&usg=AFQjCNHSSc9r_DBwotSa_oszWLYMPRuoYg&cad=rja Rüsch Superglide DD]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=122381 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jul, 1999|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| WIRUTHAN® (polyurethane) with hydrogel coating|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| Directable and detachable|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Superglide_DD.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Superglide DD</center>]]|-|align = "center" rowspan = "9"|'''12'''|align = "center" rowspan = "9"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=cat_menu&maincat=Stone%20Management&catid=122 Gyrus ACMI/Cabot/Acromed/Circon/Surgitek]|align = "center"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9257&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Classic closed-tip]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=68160 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Dec, 1986| |Classic Closed Tip|align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Gyrus_Closed_Tip.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Classic Closed Tip</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9252&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Classic Double pigtail]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=111987 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Mar, 1996|Tecoflex® construction|Balanced-curled double pigtail design|align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Gyrus_Pigtail.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Double Pigtail</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9256&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Double-J]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=74392 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Apr, 1988|Silicone|Double-J closed-tip |align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Gyrus_Double_J.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Double_J</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9254&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Lithostent]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Tecoflex® |Grooved design|align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Lithostent.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Lithostent</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9253&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Lubri-flex]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=91169 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Nov, 1991|Tecoflex®|“Rememberance” of shape with a ~~styrenelolefin block copolymer~~ chemically bonded wettable solution |align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Lubri_Flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Lubri-flex</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9250&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Multi-flex]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Tecoflex®|Two durometers with helical kidney curls|align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Multi_Flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Multi-flex</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9255&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Quadra-Coil multi-length]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=107077 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Mar, 1996|Tecoflex®|Accomodate ureteral lengths from 22cm to 28cm|align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Quadra_Coil.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Quadra-Coil</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9249&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Sof-curl]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Tecoflex®|Dual-durometer design and exclusive soft bladder helix |align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Sof_curl.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Sof-curl</center>]]|-|align = "center"|[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9258&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Uroguide]|align = "center"| |align = "center"| |Silicone|Classic Double J with open tip|align = "center"| |align = "center"|[[Image:Uroguide.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Uroguide</center>]]|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''13'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.amecath.com/ Ameco Medical Industries]|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.amecath.com/ Amecath]|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| |bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nitinol; Available with hydrophilic coating|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double loop stent|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Short-term and long-term|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Amecath.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Amecath</center>]]|-|align = "center"|'''14'''|align = "center"|[http://www.zapconnect.com/companies/index.cfm/fuseaction/companies_detail/eregnum/9681442.html Angiomed-Movaco (C.R. Bard subsidiary)]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/devicesatfda/index.cfm?db=pmn&id=K864225 Ureteral Stent Set]|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/devicesatfda/index.cfm?db=pmn&id=K864225 FDA 510(k)]|align = "center"|Jan, 1987|Nitinol|Self-expanding stent| |align = "center"|N/A|-|} = Product to Clinical Trial Mapping= ==Clinical Timeline Visualization ==[[Image:Timeline.jpg]] [[Media:Ureteral_Stents_Timeline dw.xls|Ureteral Stent Timeline]] = Product to Patent Mapping = [[Image:Product_Patent_Mapping_Screen_Shot.png|1000px|centre|thumb|'''Screenshot for the ~~hope of reduced encrustation~~product to patent mapping(Bard and Boston)''']]* Click [[Media:Product_Patent_Mapping_Bard_Boston.xls|'''Products from Boston Scientific and C R Bard ''']]to download the excel file.== Mapped Patent vs Not Mapped Patents =={|border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"|[[Image:CRB_Pat.png|center|500px|thumb|'''C R Bard''']]|[[Image:BS_pat.png.png|center|500px|thumb|'''Boston Scientific''']]|-|} =Patent-Product-Clinical Trial Mapping= * ~~Silitek~~ To access the Dashboard you have to signup. You can do so by clicking [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php/login '''here''']*''Use the mouse(~~Medical Engineering Corporation~~click and drag/scroll up or down/click on nodes) ~~is another silicone~~to explore nodes in the detailed taxonomy''*''Click on the red arrow adjacent to the node name to view the content for that particular node in the dashboard'' *''Click on the "+" sign to zoom the mindmap and "-" sign to shrink the mindmap''{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" |<mm>[[ureteral_stent_mapping1.mm|flash|Ureteral Stent mindmap|600pt]]</mm> |} =Insights= {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|''' '''|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|''' '''|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|'''Boston Scientific'''|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|'''C R BARD'''|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5" rowspan = "4"|'''Products'''|'''Portfolio'''|8 Products|6 Products|-|'''Material'''|Percuflex - Biocompatible Polymer|Silicone|-|'''Coating'''|Hydroplus|Licensed from pHreecoat|-|'''Shape'''|Pigtailed and More|Figure 4 and more|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|'''Clinical Trials'''|'''Current Trials'''|Truimph Ureteral stent - Loaded with Triclosan Currently in Phase II (Canada)|None|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5" rowspan = "3"|'''Patents'''|'''Coating'''|Therapeutic / Medicinal coatings Magnetic nano particles for MRI Imaging Lubricious coatings helping easy insertion|Therapeutic coatings|-|'''Structure'''|Multiple channels filled with therapeutic agent Multiple collapsible segments preventing fluid passing Renal coil with wick to prevent reflux Stent with beads on its surface Stent with reservoir indicating its release with change in color of urine Expandable and collapsible stent Stents with degradable barbs|Expandable stents for reducing discomfort|-|'''Material'''|Elastically deformable stents Biodegradable polymer based ~~copolymer~~stents Porous polymer for long term implantation Stent with variable hardness|Biodegradable polymers Shape memory alloys General polymer based|-|} == Inference == {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="82%"|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|'''Boston Scientific'''|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|'''C R BARD'''|-|Relatively late entrant with patents filed post mid 90s|Early mover with patents filed in mid 80s|-|Increased patent activity since 2000|Patent activity never gained traction|-|Large number of patents yet to be "productized"|Few patents yet to be "productized"|-|Some products undergoing clinical trails|No products undergoing clinical trails|-|Diverse range of products with variation in material and structure|Small product portfolio|-|Seem to be strengthening they market position|Seem to be moving focus away from Ureteral stents market|-|} = Competitive Landscape ===Major Players==*Boston Scientific Limited, Abbott, Medtronic and Cook Inc. are the major players in ureteral stent research field. [[Image:Major playersnew.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Major Players]] ==IP Activity==* Patenting activity has been high growth rate during the period 2001 to 2005 with a peak no. of patents in year 2005, followed by saturation during the period 2006 to 2008 and after that a gradual declination upto year 2010 in the ureteral stent research area.[[Image:IPactivity3.png|thumb|center|1000px| IP activity over the years]] ==Sales == Total Sales in 2010 - 4.04 Billion USD {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Company'''|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Total Sales in 2010'''|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Urological sales'''|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Percentage share'''|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Product portfolio'''|-|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Boston Scientific'''|7800|661|8.48|[http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/Microsite/Stone/collateral/Percuflex -Brochure.pdf Boston_portfolio]|-|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''CR BARD'''|2700|702|26.00|[https://dolcera.net/teamwiki_prod/index.php/BARD_portfolio BARD_portfolio]|-|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Cook Medical'''|1700|<nowiki>-</nowiki>|<nowiki>-</nowiki>|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/familyListingAction.do?family=Ureteral+Stents Cook_portfolio]|-|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Medline'''|4040|<nowiki>-</nowiki>|<nowiki>-</nowiki>|[http://www.medline.com/irj/catalog/search?initialSearchTerms=ureteral%20stent Medline_portfolio]|-|} [[image:stentshare.jpg |thumb|center|1000px| All figures in USD million ]] =Like this report?= '''This is only a ~~proprietary olefinic block copolymer~~sample report with brief analysis''' '''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera. com Buy the customized report from Dolcera]''' |-| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]|-|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]|-|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]|-|}

Metallic stents have been used recently to treat extrinsic ureteric obstructions. The effect of synthetic polymers on the urothelium of the urinary tract seems to be dependent on the bulk chemical composition of the polymer, the chemical composition of its surface, coatings on the device

~~surface, smoothness of the surface and coefficient of friction.~~

Typically, most ureteral stents are made of relatively smooth catheters. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10772512 Koleski et al., (2000)] tested a longitudinally grooved ureteral stent made by Circon in the pig ureter. The results indicated that the grooved stent led to better drainage than a conventional stent. Their opinion is that the ureter wall has a better chance of collapsing over a

smooth surface than a grooved surface, especially when debris is present. Stoller (2000) had the same experience with the SpiraStent(Urosurge Corp.). This helical stent was superior at passing stones than a conventional smooth stent.

~~There are a variety of ureteral stent configurations with different anchoring systems. Most stents today have a double~~ =[~~http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S014067360002674X pigtail anchoring system~~[Backup]]. (Tolley, 2000), Dunn et al, (2000) conducted a randomized, single-blind study comparing a Tail stent (proximal pigtail with a shaft which tapers to a lumenless straight tail) to a double pigtail stent. The Tail stent was found to be better tolerated than the double-pigtail concerninglower urinary tract irritative symptoms. A double-J ureteral stent and a flexible ureteropyeloscope are shown in the first diagram. The other two diagrams show a pigtail ureteral stent in place; the end of the pigtail is facing away fiom the ureteral opening in the second of these two diagrams.=

Thungana.praveen

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