The patent [http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP1385290&F=0 EP1385290] titled "Method for balancing Eb/I ratio in a service multiplexing CDMA system and a telecommunication system using this method" targets this concept of Rate matching and introduces an algorithm for calculating effective data output bits by a process of repetition or puncturing of the input bits governed by a '''rate matching ratio''' and '''puncturing ratio''' received from the sending entity (can be a BS or MS). The following framework highlights the various steps involved in providing variable QoS. The received data from the transport block is classified into different processes based on their QoS. Data is split onto various transport channels to which a CRC code is attached for error correction. Further, all these transport channels are multiplexed on one line by concatenation, interleaved, segmented and then rate matched. The rate matching step is performed using the rate matching ratio and puncturing ratio which is received from the sending entity (an exchange of handshaking signals occurs).
[[Image:cdma20cdma23.jpg|thumb|600px|center|QoS Management in CDMA - Pathway]]
The rate matching step in above figure is essentially implemented by repetition or puncturing, SEIMENS has proposed an algorithm to ETSI, to obtain a non-integer punture/repetition ratio referenced SM/G2/UMTS-L1/Tdoc428/98 and it is given as follows. This algorithm is used as a standard approach for Rate Matching.