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== Regulatory Concerns ==
The Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment 2002/95/EC (commonly referred to as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive or RoHS) was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union.The RoHS directive took effect on 1 July 2006, and is required to be enforced and become law in each member state. This directive restricts the use of six hazardous materials in the manufacture of various types of electronic and electrical equipment. It is closely linked with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) 2002/96/EC which sets collection, recycling and recovery targets for electrical goods and is part of a legislative initiative to solve the problem of huge amounts of toxic e-waste.
* '''It restricts the use of the following six substances:'''
1. Lead (Pb)<BR>
2. Mercury (Hg)<BR>
3. '''Cadmium (Cd)'''<BR>
4.''' Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+)'''<BR>
5. Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)<BR>
6. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)<BR>
Thus,Is id evident that cadmium is Losing its place in Industrial Usage.Thus, it becomes imperative that there is a need for finding out alternative technology can can replace cadmium and provide similar features which will be more environment friendly.
* '''Other Issues Related to Use of Cadmium.
'''
1. Cadmium is a toxin for both animals and plants.
2. Cadmium is known to sublimate in a hard vacuum environment .The sublimation products, which are conductive, can redeposit resulting in short circuits. The sublimation products may also interfere with sensitive optics.
3. Cyanide solutions used in Cadmium plating are highly Toxic.
4. Cadmium is subject to the spontaneous growth of Cadmium whiskers. Cadmium whiskers (like tin whiskers) grow spontaneously and are capable of causing electrical failures ranging from parametric deviations to sustained plasma arcing that can result in catastrophic short circuits.
== Rationale ==