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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4DBE5F1"|'''Search strategy'''|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1. Various keywords were retrieved for conducting the search related to enhanced bioavailability of active ingredients in topical applications for skin whitening from pubmed MESH, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus.<br>2.Various Class-codes have been retrieved from relevant patents and their citations. Also . (Refer section 4).<br>3.The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.

|align |2.Various Class-codes have been retrieved from relevant patents and their citations. Also . (Refer section 4).|-|bgcolor = "center#DBE5F1" | |bgcolor = "#FCD5B4DBE5F1"|3.The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.|-|'''Keywords'''

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC0904F81BD" rowspan |<font color= "6#FFFFFF"|>'''A61'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC0904F81BD" colspan |<font color= "3#FFFFFF"|>'''Medical or Veterinary science; Hygiene'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Column1'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Column2'''</font>

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC0904F81BD" rowspan |<font color= "2#FFFFFF"|>'''A61Q'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC090DBE5F1" colspan |'''A61Q'''|bgcolor = "2#DBE5F1"|Use of cosmetics or similar toilet preparation|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|

|align = "center"|Preparations for care of the skin =<nowiki>></nowiki>for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' '''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''<nowiki>****</nowiki>'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''<nowiki>****</nowiki>'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''<nowiki>****</nowiki>'''

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC0904F81BD" rowspan |<font color= "4#FFFFFF"|>'''424'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC0904F81BD" colspan |<font color= "2#FFFFFF"|>'''Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Column1'''</font>

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| |align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|424/62|align bgcolor = "center#DBE5F1"|Bleach for live hair or skin (e.g., peroxides, etc.)

|align = "center"|Topical body preparation containing solid synthetic organic polymer as designated organic active ingredient (doai) =<nowiki>></nowiki> Skin cosmetic coating

|align = "center"|424/449|align bgcolor = "center#DBE5F1"|Transdermal or percutaneous|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC090" rowspan = "6DBE5F1"|'''514'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC090" colspan = "2"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions|-|align = "center"|514/1.1|align = "center"|Designated organic active ingredient containing =<nowiki>>****</nowiki> Peptide (e.g., protein, etc.) containing DOAI|-'''|align = "center"|514/2.2|align bgcolor = "center#DBE5F1"|Designated organic active ingredient containing ='''<nowiki>>****</nowiki> Peptide (e.g., protein, etc.) containing DOAI=<nowiki>></nowiki> Bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI) protein affecting or utilizing|-|align = "center"|514/844|align = "center"|Cosmetic, facial|-|align = "center"|514/946|align = "center"|Penetrant or absorbent (enhances penetration into subject treated)|-|align = "center"|514/947|align = "center"|Penetrant or absorbent (enhances penetration into subject treated) =<nowiki>></nowiki> Topical application'''

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC0904F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Theme'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC0904F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title of the theme'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC0904F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''F-term'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC0904F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''F-term description'''</font>

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC090DBE5F1"|'''4C083'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetics|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|4C083EE16|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Whitening (Tyrosinase inhibition, melanin inhibition)

|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC090" rowspan = "3"|'''4C076'''|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|Medicinal preparation |align = "center"| 4C076FF34

|align = "center"|4C076FF03|align bgcolor = "center#DBE5F1"|with absorption, adsorption, or impregnation properties|-'''<nowiki>****</nowiki>'''|align = "center"|4C076FF32|align bgcolor = "center#DBE5F1"|Biologically absorbed substances|-'''<nowiki>****</nowiki>'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FAC090DBE5F1"|'''4C086<nowiki>****</nowiki>'''|align = "center"|Pharmaceuticals containing other organic and inorganic compounds|align bgcolor = "center#DBE5F1"|4C086NA11|align = "center"|Absorption improvement'''<nowiki>****</nowiki>'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent / Publication No.'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee/Applicant'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Publication'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Problem'''</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Solution'''</font>|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''1'''|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[httpshttp://dolcerapatft.netuspto.gov/teamwiki_prodnetacgi/indexnph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.phphtm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5874095.PN.&OS=PN/Relevant_patents Click here 5874095&RS=PN/5874095 US5874095A]</u></font>|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enhanced skin penetration system for improved topical delivery of drugs|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Richardson Vicks Inc.|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2/23/1999|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Poor penetration of many drugs across the epidermal lipid barrier has, until now, frustrated attempts to view Relevant patentsdeliver clinically significant doses of many drugs by the topical route.<br>Compositions provides containing a skin penetration enhancing vehicle with insufficient transdermal penetration<br>Orally administered drugs can increase the dosage required to achieve therapeutic levels and thereby increase undesirable side effects|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Composition containing a pharmaceutical active(hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, kojic acid and sodium metabisulfite)and polyacrylamide which enhances the skin penetration of drugs.<br><br>Provide sufficient skin penetration enhancement to achieve therapeutic levels of the drugs in target internal tissues.Compositions with low dermal irritation, especially in compositions requiring a low pH.<br><br>Compositions having good stability.|-|align = "center"|'''2'''|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090162305%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090162305&RS=DN/20090162305 US20090162305A1]</u></font>|Formulations of low oil content comprising diphenylmethane derivatives|Symrise GmbH & Co. KG|6/25/2009|Sensitive to oxidation and can be stabilized in cosmetic formulations only with difficulty, inadequate action on the skin, high sensitizing potential and causes contact allergies,no reference having a defined content of an oily phase is to be found with less bioavailability|Novel specific (cosmetic) formulations for improving the bioavailability and activity of skin- or hair-lightening agent as diphenylmethane derivatives (tyrosinase inhibitors) commmonly known as styrylresorcinol which has more stbility and little toxicity.|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''3'''|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u><nowiki>*****</nowiki></u></font>|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>****</nowiki>|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>****</nowiki>|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>****</nowiki>|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>****</nowiki>|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>****</nowiki>|-|}