[[Image:Drug metabolism.jpg|right|350 px|Drug metabolism]]
==Introduction==
[[Image:Drug metabolism1.jpg|right|250 px|Drug metabolism]]
Drug metabolism is a detoxification function the human body possesses to defend itself from environment hostility.
Ideally, a drug should reach the site of action intact, cure the disease, and leave the body after it completes its mission.
[http://books.google.co.in/books?id=eYJXj59Cg_UC&pg=PT51&lpg=PT51&dq=preclinical+drug+metabolism+database&source=bl&ots=75HigyNNky&sig=VDNW182OYEleEr0iLQKgtOrww4I&hl=en&ei=yAEAS4P7KIyGkQWl9fiDDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=preclinical%20drug%20metabolism%20database&f=false Source]
==Sample ReportExample== ===Preclinical drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic evaluation of GW844520=== GW844520, a non-chiral 4(1H)-pyridone derivative, is a potent, selective inhibitor of Plasmodium mitochondrial function blocking the electron transport chain machinery. The site of action of this class of compounds is cytochrome b, a critical element of the respiratory complex III or bc1 complex. [[Image:struc.jpg|center|thumb|300px|'''Chemical Structure of GW844520''']] Plasmodium falciparum is the species of malaria parasite that predominates in Africa and is the cause of most of the mortality from malaria worldwide. Effective treatment options are often restricted due to drug resistance, particularly for P. falciparum. There is an immediate need to develop novel anti-malarial agents that provide rapid and effective treatment.GW844520 is fully active against isolates carrying resistance determinants to marketed agents and shows no cross-resistance with agents in current use, including atovaquone. '''Models/Species:'''Male CD1 mouse, male Sprague-Dawley rat, male beagle dog, male cynomolgus monkey and mixed gender human liver microsomes. ===Test Results=== {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="72%"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C2D69A" colspan = "7"|'''Pharmacokinetics of GW844520 After Oral Administration to Mouse, Rat, Dog, and Monkey'''
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''S.No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''Database'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''Search by'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''Phase'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''Type of reaction'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''Sub Type'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''Sub sub Type'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''Product'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B48DB4E3"|'''1Species'''|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|<font colorbgcolor ="#0000FF8DB4E3"><u>[http:/|'''Dose (mg/www.drugmetabolism.co.uk/ReactionSelector2.aspx Drug Metabolism]</u></font>kg)'''|align = "center"|Reaction Type|align bgcolor = "center#8DB4E3"|Phase I'''Cmax (Functionalisation reactionsµg/mL)'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Oxidation'''Tmax (h)'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Carbon Oxidation'''AUC0- (µg h/mL)'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Aromatics'''T1/2 h'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Diclofenac to 3<nowiki>’</nowiki>-hydroxy diclofenac'''F (%)'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''2Mouse'''|align = "center"|Functional Group - Alcohol0.5|align = "center"|Phase I(Functionalisation reactions)0.28|align = "center"| 4|align = "center"| 8.54|align = "center"| 23.6|align = "center"|Ethanol to Acetaldehyde72
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''3Rat'''|align = "center"|Substrate - Phenytoin0.5|align = "center"|Phase I(Functionalisation reactions)0.25 ± 0.02|align = "center"| 2 (1-2)|align = "center"| 4.14 ± 0.96|align = "center"| 7.1 ± 1.7a|align = "center"|Phenytoin to (S)-hydroxy-phenytoin118
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''4Dog'''|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|<font color0.4|align ="#0000FFcenter"><u>[http://umbbd.msi|0.umn14 ± 0.edu/ University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation database]</u></font>02|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Pathway24 (4- Benzonitrile24)| | | align = "center"| 22.8 ± 7.9|align = "center"|<font color214 ± 30|align ="#0000FFcenter">[http://umbbd.msi.umn.edu/bzn/bzn_map.html Click here for Pathway]</font>|51 ± 11
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FCD5B4"|'''5Monkey'''| align = "center"| 0.4| align = "center"| 0.12 ± 0.01|align = "center"|<font color4 (4-8)|align ="#0000FFcenter">[http://umbbd|13.msi5 ± 0.umn6|align = "center"|88.edu/bzn/bzn_image_map4 ± 4.html Click here for Pathway (Graphic 5K format)]</font>4|align = "center"|69 ± 6 |} {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="36%"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C2D69A" colspan = "3"|'''In Vitro Cell Partitioning of GW844520 in Animal and Human Blood'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Species'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Concentration (µg/mL)'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Blood to plasma ratio'''
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''Mouse'''
|align = "center"|0.25
|align = "center"|0.56 ± 0.01
|-
|align = "center"|2.5
|align = "center"|0.48 ± 0.02
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''Rat'''
|align = "center"|0.25
|align = "center"|0.50 ± 0.02
|-
|align = "center"|2.5
|align = "center"|0.56 ± 0.03
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''Dog'''
|align = "center"|0.25
|align = "center"|0.52 ± 0.01
|-
|align = "center"|2.5
|align = "center"|0.52 ± 0.01
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''Monkey'''
|align = "center"|0.25
|align = "center"|0.69 ± 0.06
|-
|align = "center"|2.5
|align = "center"|0.62 ± 0.01
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''Human'''
|align = "center"|0.5
|align = "center"|0.54 ± 0.06
|-
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|0.60 ± 0.03
|}
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="62%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#9BBB59" colspan = "6"|'''A)Intrinsic clearance CLi, mL/min/g liver'''
|-
|align = "center"|
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Mouse'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Rat'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Dog'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Monkey'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Human'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Microsomes'''
|align = "center"|0.7
|align = "center"|<nowiki><</nowiki>0.5
|align = "center"|<nowiki><</nowiki>0.5
|align = "center"|<nowiki><</nowiki>0.5
|align = "center"|<nowiki><</nowiki>0.5
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Hepatocytes'''
|align = "center"|<nowiki><</nowiki>0.5
|align = "center"|3.7
|align = "center"|1.7
|align = "center"|<nowiki><</nowiki>0.5
|align = "center"|<nowiki><</nowiki>0.5
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#9BBB59" colspan = "6"|'''B)CYP450 Inhibition IC50 µM'''
|-
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|3A4
|align = "center"|1A2
|align = "center"|2D6
|align = "center"|2C9
|align = "center"|2C19
|-
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>33
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>33
|align = "center"|3.0 ± 1.8
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>33
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>33
|}