Changes
/* M&A Activity in the Space */
*Age-related macular degeneration - results in a loss of central vision, which eliminates a person's ability to read or recognize faces
*Retinitis pigmentosa - results in a slow loss of peripheral and then central vision
With the artificial retina device, a miniature camera mounted in eyeglasses captures images and wirelessly sends the information to a microprocessor (worn on a belt) that converts the data to an electronic signal and transmits it to a receiver on the eye. The receiver sends the signals through a tiny, thin cable to the microelectrode array, stimulating it to emit pulses. The artificial retina device thus bypasses defunct photoreceptor cells and transmits electrical signals directly to the retina’s remaining viable cells. The pulses travel to the optic nerve and, ultimately, to the brain, which perceives patterns of light and dark spots corresponding to the electrodes stimulated. Patients learn to interpret these visual patterns. [http://www.artificialretina.energy.gov/howartificialretinaworks.shtml, Artificial Retina Project]<br><br>
[[Image:AR_01.gif|center|500px]]
<br>
|}
<br>
[[Image:Artifical_Retina_PCS_01.png|center|1000px1100px]]
[[Image:KTP_Laser_04.png|center|50px]]
=Top Assignees=
[[Image:Artifical_Retina_PCS_03Top Assignees_Artificial_Retina_PCS.png|center|1000px]]
*The top companies under top 5 that are big players in Artificial vision devices from North America:
**Cornell University
<br>
=Top Assignee- Insights=
===(A) Second Sight Medical Products Inc.===
*They have patents that focus on improving the user comfort and user feedback.
[[Image:Artifical_Retina_PCS_04.png|center|900px1000px]]
<br>
=== (B) Pixium Vision SA===
*The patents mostly discuss about the constructional features like, designing photodiodes, mounting and sealing features of a retinal implant.
[[Image:Artifical_Retina_PCS_05_1.png|center|900px1000px]][[Image:Artifical_Retina_PCS_05_2.png|center|900px1000px]]
<br>
==IP Activity==
[[Image:Artifical_Retina_PCS_07.png|center|1000px900px]]<br>
*IP activity started 20 years and saw a peak in the number of publications in 2008, followed by 2012 and 2015.
*The number of applications shot to the peak value during the period of 2006-2007. <br>
==Geographical Distribution==
[[Image:Artifical_Retina_PCS_08.png|center|700px900px]]<br>
*Most of the patents in this technology are from US or Europe.
*Japan and China top the Asian subcontinent, in the number of patent filings.
=Technical Insights: CPC Distribution in Top Assignees=
[[Image:Artifical_Retina_PCS_09.png|center|1000px950px]]<br>
*All the product based companies- Second Sight Medical Products, Pixium Vision, Optobionics Corporation and Retina Implant AG have heavy presence on the therapy based classes- A61N, A61F, A61B.
*Second Sight Medical Products has the most number of filings for the printed circuit bases class- H05K.
==Technology Concepts:==
[[Image:Artifical_Retina_PCS_10.png|center|1000px950px]]<br>
*Second Sight Medical Products, Pixium Vision and Doheny Eye Institute patents disclose technologies related to Neuro-prosthetics, Blindness, Artificial Organs and Prosthetics.
*Second Sight Medical Products, Pixium Vision has more patents on Electrotherapy.
<br>
*NIDEK -- Two Sister Companies Merge to Combine Efforts in U.S. Ophthalmic Industry. [[https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2005/10/13/334767/87801/en/NIDEK-Two-Sister-Companies-Merge-to-Combine-Efforts-in-U-S-Ophthalmic-Industry.html Globenewswire], October 2005]
<br>
=Powerpoint Presentation=
[[media:PCS_Artificial Retina.pptx|PCS_Artificial Retina]]
