Changes
/* Minoxidil (Vasodilators) */
* Minoxidil is thought to have a direct mitogenic effect on epidermal cells, as has been observed both in vitro and in vivo. Though the mechanism of its action for causing cell proliferation is not very clear, minoxidil is thought to prevent intracellular calcium entry. Calcium normally enhances epidermal growth factors to inhibit hair growth, and Minoxidil by getting converted to minoxidil sulfate acts as a potassium channel agonist and enhances potassium ion permeability to prevent calcium ions from entering into cells. ([http://www.hairtransplantadvice.com/medical-hair-restoration.php Source])
* Minoxidil sulfate (MS) appears to be the active metabolite responsible for hair growth stimulation.
==== Functions of Vasodilators ====
[[Image:minoxidil1.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Functions of Monoxidil [http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/diagrams.htm#Diagram%201 source]]]
==== IP Map for Vasodilators ====
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="120" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Pat/Pub#'''
!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Nature'''
!width="600" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition'''
!width="300" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition action'''
|- style="height:100px"
|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040157856%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040157856&RS=DN/20040157856 US20040157856]
WARNER LAMBERT(2002)
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Organic compound
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Benzopyran compounds
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Rapidly metabolizes, and causes reduced cardiovascular effects as compared to other known potassium channel openers
|- style="height:100px"
|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050053572%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050053572&RS=DN/20050053572 US20050053572]
LG HOUSEHOLD & HEALTH CARE(2001)
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Natural extracts
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Sophora flavescens extract (alkaloids & flavonoids, luteolin-7-glucose and cytosine) Hinokitiol (Taiwan hinoki oil, Aomori, Western Red Cedar oil) and Nicotinamide (Vitamin B complex)
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Promotes function of cell activity and dilates blood vessels
|}
=== Double action (Anti-androgen + Vasodilator) ===
* Combination of Vasodilator + Anti-androgen (double action) composition for effective treatment of Male-Pattern Baldness.
'''What is the problem with using only Anti-androgen therapy?'''
* Anti-androgen is not effective in addressing the issue of vasocontriction around hair follicles due to sebum oil build up.
* Anti-androgen only prevents binding of DHT to androgen receptors. However, the effects of improper oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain due to vasocontriction still remains and gradually causes hair loss.
'''What is the problem with using only Vasodilator (or Minoxidil only) therapy?'''
* Vasodilator or Minoxidil-based products are generally not effective in stopping hair loss as vasodilators (or Minoxidil) do not block the harmful effects of DHT in the scalp and hair follicles.
* Vasodilators or Minoxidil simply dilate blood vessels in the scalp. However, the harmful DHT still gets produced in the body, enters the scalp and hair follicles causing hair loss.
'''How is the combination of Anti-androgens and Vasodilator (or Minoxidil) effective?'''
* Anti-androgens target the problem of DHT binding to androgen receptors and prevents follicle miniaturization.
* Vasodilators like Minoxidil cause vasodilation and therefore improve supply of oxygen and nutrients to the hair follicle and roots.
* Combination therapy therefore proves to be much more effective than individual therapy.
==== Functions of (Anti-androgen + Vasodilators) ====
[http://www.revivogen.com/revivogen/work.html Anti-androgen ]and [http://www.xandrox.net/articles/article01.htm Minoxidil]
[[Image:Doubleaction1.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Functions of (Anti-androgen + Vasodilators)]]
==== IP Map for (Anti-androgen + Vasodilators) ====
{| border="1" cellpadding="3"
!width="120" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Pat/Pub#'''
!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Nature'''
!width="500" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition'''
!width="500" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition action'''
|- style="height:100px"
|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060052405%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060052405&RS=DN/20060052405 US20060052405]
N/A(2000)
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptides
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Testosterone blocker or vascular toner (Flutamide, cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, progesterone, or analogs or derivatives) and minoxidil mixed along with non-retinoid penetration enhancer and sunscreen
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Inhibits 5.alpha.-reductase activity (block DHT) and increase blood flow on the scalp
|- style="height:100px"
|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050123577%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050123577&RS=DN/20050123577 US20050123577]
L'OREAL(2000)
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptides
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Prostaglandin (polyunsaturated fatty acids) EP-2, EP-3 EP-4 receptor agonist with Minoxidil, 2,4-diaminopyrimidine 3-oxide, and Aminexil, cyclic AMP
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Minoxidil (designed to mimic nitric oxide's effects) grows hair via prostaglandin-H synthase stimulation. EP-3 and EP-4 are expressed in anagen hair follicles which induce a reduction in the level of cAMP
|- style="height:100px"
|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6447762.PN.&OS=PN/6447762&RS=PN/6447762 US6447762]
COLOMER GROUP(1999)
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Natural extract
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Hop extract (oil contains terpenes and humulene), Rosemary extract (hydroalcohol), Swertia extract (glycol with a swertiamarin), Silanodiol salicylate (biologically active silicon compound)
|bgcolor=LightCyan|Inhibits activity of 5-alpha-reductase, protects follicular cell membranes by neutralizing action of oxidation reaction in tissues, stimulates hair follicles and blood circulation to the hair root, supplies oxygen and nutrients to base of follicle, retains humidity, avoids dehydration of scalp
|}
