| Disclosed are implantable or insertable medical devices that provide resistance to microbial growth on and in the environment of the device and resistance to microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on the device. In particular, the invention discloses implantable or insertable medical devices that comprise at least one biocompatible matrix polymer region, an antimicrobial agent for providing resistance to microbial growth and a microbial adhesion/biofilm synthesis inhibitor for inhibiting the attachment of microbes and the synthesis and accumulation of biofilm on the surface of the medical device. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing such devices under conditions that substantially prevent preferential partitioning of any of said bioactive agents to a surface of the biocompatible matrix polymer and substantially prevent chemical modification of said bioactive agents
|-
|}
== Clinical Trials ==
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Title'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Conditions'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Intervention'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sponsors and Collaborators'''
|-
| Assessment of Drug-Eluting Ureteral Stent on Bacterial Adherence and Biofilm Formation||Renal Calculi, Ureteral Obstruction||Device: Ureteral Stent||Lawson Health Research Institute, Boston Scientific Corporation
|-
| Memokath® 044TW Stent for Treatment of Urethral Stricture||Urethral Stricture||Device: Memokath stenting||Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group
|-
| Study to Determine if There Are Specific Clinical Factors to Determine Stent Encrustation||Kidney Stones||N/A||\"University of California, Irvine
|-
| Litholink\"
|-
| Ureteral Stent Length and Patient Symptoms||Kidney Stones||Device: Ureteral Stent||Emory University
|-
| Drainage of Malignant Extrinsic Ureteral Obstruction Using the Memokath Ureteral Stent||Ureteral Obstruction||Device: Memokath 051 Ureteral Stent||\"Mayo Clinic
|-
| Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group\"
|-
| A Prospective Comparison Between Ureteral Stent and Nephrostomy Tube for an Urgent Drainage of Obstructed Kidney (JJVsPCN08)||Kidney Disease||Device: nephrostomy tube and ureteral stent||Rabin Medical Center
|-
|
|}