Difference between pages "Wind Energy" and "Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma"

From DolceraWiki
(Difference between pages)
Jump to: navigation, search
(→‎Patent Analysis)
 
(→‎Search in Micropatent full text - English language search)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
−
=Introduction=
+
==Dashboard==
−
* Humans have been using wind power for at least 5000 BC to propel sailboats and sailing ships, and architects have used wind-driven natural ventilation in buildings since similarly ancient times. The use of wind to provide mechanical power came later.
+
−
* Harnessing renewable alternative energy is the ideal way to tackle the energy crisis, with due consideration given to environmental pollution, that looms large over the world.
+
  
−
* Renewable energy is also called "clean energy" or "green power" because it doesn’t pollute the air or the water. Wind energy is one such renewable energy source that harnesses natural wind power.
+
* Click here to view '''[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=890 Sample Dashboard]'''
  
−
* This report presents a brief summary about wind energy and present day technologies available for horizontal wind turbines.
+
NOTE: You need to install Internet Explorer 8.0 and Adobe Flash Player to view the Dashboard.
  
−
* A detailed taxonomy for horizontal axis wind turbines is presented covering parts of the turbine, control systems, applications among others
+
Please download [http://www.microsoft.com/windows/internet-explorer/default.aspx '''Internet Explorer 8.0'''] and [http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/?promoid=DRHWS '''Adobe Flash player''']
  
−
* A detailed landscape analysis  of patent and non-patent literature is done with focus on Doubly fed induction generators used in the horizontal axis wind turbines for efficient power generation
+
==Objective==
−
+
−
* Existing products' information of major players in the market is compiled for Doubly-fed induction generators
+
  
−
* Existing market and future market prediction for wind energy based power generation is presented
+
'''Primary objective of the study was to perform a prior art search on usage of interferon for the treatment of melanoma.'''
  
−
==Insights==
+
To achieve our objective we performed following steps:
−
* USA, China, Germany, Spain and India share major part of wind energy generation.
+
−
* Vestas Wind Energy Systems and General Electric are the major players in this technology.
+
−
* Patenting activity has seen high growth rate in the last two years.
+
−
* Research activity mainly going on rating and controlling of the Doubly- fed induction generation systems.
+
−
* Continuous Operation of the DFIG system during weak and storm winds, during grid voltage sags and grid faults is one of the main concerns to the companies.
+
−
* Woodward Seg is a new and fast developing player in this technology.
+
−
* Brush-less operation technology reduces the wear and tear and increases the efficiency and life of the system. This technology is protected by small players, in which dual stator technology plays major role.
+
  
−
==Brief History of Wind Energy==
+
*Created a multi level taxonomy to categorize the patents using interferon for melanoma treatment
−
Although the use of wind power started around 5000 BC, but electric power generation through wind energy started in 18th century and increasing drastically in 19th and 20th centuries. A brief view on developments on wind power sector are listed below.
+
−
[[Image:totalcapacityworld2009.JPEG|thumb|right|400px|Fig 1 [http://www.wwindea.org/home/index.php Development of wind power worldwide]]]
+
−
* [http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/71440.aspx 1887]        :  Prof. James Blyth of Scotland used windmills for generating electricity.
+
−
* [http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/71440.aspx 1888]      :  Charles Brush developed the first wind-powered turbine that generated electricity in the United States based on emulated James Blyth work.
+
−
* [http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/71440.aspx 1927]      :  Joe Jacobs and Marcellus Jacobs improved the wind turbine generator for use in farms.
+
−
* [http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/71440.aspx 1931] : development of Darrieus wind turbine. It is a vertical axis turbine that rotates with wind from any direction.
+
−
* 1941: Largest mega watt range wind turbine was connected to the local electrical distribution system on the mountain known as Grandpa's Knob in Castleton, Vermont, USA.
+
−
* 1971: Denmark installed the first offshore wind farms
+
−
* 1990s: More than 2200 MW capacity of wind turbines are installed in california.
+
−
* 2003: the largest offshore wind farm North Hoyle  was built in  the United Kingdom.
+
−
* 2003-2010: Research is going is on wind turbines in blades structures, generators, operation and protection, efficiency of wind turbines.
+
−
Source:[[Media:windenergy.pdf| Wind Energy]]<br>
+
−
The total installed wind power capacity from 2001 to 2010 is shown in fig. 1.  All wind turbines installed by the end of year 2009 worldwide are generating 340 TWh per annum.
+
−
The country wise share of wind energy by the end of year 2009 is shown in fig. 2.
+
  
−
[[Image:countryshare.JPEG|thumb|center|350px|Fig 2 [http://www.wwindea.org/home/index.php  Country share of total capacity]]]
+
*Marked out relevant IPC, ECLA, US classes and Japanese F-term available for technology in question.
  
−
Source:[http://www.wwindea.org/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=266&Itemid=43 World Wind Energy Report 2009]
+
*Identified and clubbed relevant keywords with classes to extract relevant patents.
  
−
==Working Principle of Wind Turbine ==
+
*Checked for patents in US, EP, PCT, JP, Great Britain, and German patent records
−
Wind is air in motion. It is a form of solar energy. Solar radiation heats every part of the Earth’s surface unevenly due to irregularities and rotation of earth. The flow of wind patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetative cover. When air moves, causing wind, it has kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of wind can be captured by a wind turbine and converted to other forms of energy such as electricity or mechanical power.
+
  
−
[[Image:windprinciple.png|center|550px|thumb|Fig 3 [http://www.atlantissolar.com/wind_story.html Wind turbine principle]]]
+
*Performed MPI-INPADOC search which cover bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42 countries
  
−
Sources:[http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/index.cfm Wind Energy Basics],[http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html#inside How Wind Turbines Work]
+
*Analyzed the patents and prepared an IPmap covering relevant patents for client usage.
  
−
==Horizontal Axis and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ==
+
==Overview==
−
Wind turbines are mainly classified into two types based on the axis in which turbine rotates. They are Horizontal axis wind turbine and vertical axis wind turbine.
+
  
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+
===Interferon===
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Horizontal axis wind turbines'''
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Vertical axis wind turbines'''
+
−
|-
+
−
|
+
−
* It is mounted on top of a tower ,requires huge towers leads to complex in operation, maintanace and high intial costs.
+
−
* It operates only with upstream or down stream wind directions.
+
−
* It can be constructed in offshores.
+
−
* It produces large amount of electricity with high efficiency.
+
−
[[Image:Horizontal.jpg|center|thumb|Fig 4(a) [http://www.windturbinesnow.com/horizontalaxis-windturbines.htm Horizontal axis wind turbine]]]
+
−
|
+
−
* These are easy to build and maintain, safer, easier to transport and they can be mounted close to the ground.
+
−
* These can handle much turblence in wind than horizontal wind turbines.
+
−
* Mostly it can be constructed with two blades
+
−
* It operates with any direction of wind
+
−
* Production of electricity is less due to low wind speeds near to ground
+
−
[[Image:vertical.jpg|center|thumb|Fig 4(b)[http://www.solarpowerwindenergy.org/2009/12/25/types-of-wind-turbines/ Vertical axis wind turbine]]]
+
−
|}
+
  
−
Source:[http://www.windpowertv.com/forum/index.php?topic=18.0 Different types of wind turbines]
+
[[Image:interferon.jpg|250px|right|thumb|'''Interferon''' [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/1HIG_Interferon-Gamma01.png Source]]]
  
−
=Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines=
+
Interferons (IFNs) are natural cell-signaling proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges such as viruses, parasites and tumor cells. They belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines and are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA, a key indicator of viral infection. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma Source]
−
== Onshore and Offshore Wind Turbines ==
+
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"| '''Onshore wind turbines'''
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"| '''Offshore wind turbines'''
+
  
−
|-
+
Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells and macrophages, increasing antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, and increasing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. There are 3 known classes of interferons; type I, type II and type III. All classes are very important in fighting viral infections. Recent studies have shown that Interferon can also help stop the growth and spread of cancer cells. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon Source]
−
| Advantages
+
  
−
* It requires cheaper foundations
+
===Melanoma===
−
* Easily intergrated with the electrical- grid network
+
−
* cheaper Installation and access during the construction phase.
+
−
* It can be operated and maintained easily and cheaply
+
−
Source:[http://www.house-energy.com/Wind/Offshore-Onshore.htm Onshore Vs Offshore Wind Turbines]
+
  
−
| These are two types, namely Near shore and Off shore.
+
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It begins in skin cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells that make melanin, which gives skin its color. Melanin also protects the deeper layers of the skin from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.When people spend time in the sunlight, the melanocytes make more melanin and cause the skin to tan. This also happens when skin is exposed to other forms of ultraviolet light (such as in a tanning booth). If the skin receives too much ultraviolet light, the melanocytes may begin to grow abnormally and become cancerous. This condition is called melanoma.People with melanoma who have one or more positive lymph nodes are at a high risk to have their melanoma recur. It is believed that 70 to 80% of these individuals will have their melanoma come back within the next three to five years. [http://www.melanoma.com/whatis.html Source]
  
−
Advantages:
+
===Interferon for treatment of melanoma===
  
−
* The roughness of the water surface is very low Wind and obstacles to the wind are less.  
+
Over the past several decades, the incidence of melanoma has increased at a faster rate than that of any other solid tumor. In the 1930s, the lifetime risk for a person living in the U.S. to develop melanoma was 1 in 1,500. Currently, that risk is 1 in 74, and for 2003 it was estimated that 51,400 cases of invasive melanoma would be diagnosed. While efforts to improve early diagnosis through education have resulted in the increased detection of early-stage melanoma, many patients still present with high-risk primary melanomas.  
−
so, large turbines can be installed
+
−
* Noise pollution is also not a factor because these are too far from shores
+
−
* Less affected to turbulance in wind and low wind shear<br/>
+
−
|-
+
−
|  Disadvantages
+
−
* Neagtive visual impact or noise.
+
−
* Limted avaliability of lands
+
−
* Restrictions asscociated with obstructions like buildings, mountains, etc.
+
−
* Noise pollution
+
−
* Afftected to more turbulance
+
−
Sources:[http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01335/wind%20Power.htm Wind Power],[http://www.ehow.com/list_5938067_types-wind-farms-there_.html Types of Wind Farms]
+
−
| Disadvantages:
+
−
* Installing offshore windturbines is much more complex and costly
+
−
* Connection to the utility grid is also much more complex and expensive
+
−
* Operation and maintanances is also a complex task with off shore wind turbines
+
−
Source:[http://www.offshorewindenergy.org/ca-owee/indexpages/Offshore_technology.php?file=offtech_p2.php Offshore Technology]
+
−
|-
+
−
| align = "center"|[[Image:Onshore.jpeg|center|thumb|Fig 5(a) [http://www.eco-trees.org/europes-biggest-onshore-wind-farm-goes-online/ Onshore Wind turbines]]]
+
−
| align = "center"|[[Image:offshore.jpeg|center|thumb|Fig5(b) [http://www.house-energy.com/Wind/Offshore-Onshore.htm Offshore wind turbines]]]
+
−
|}
+
  
−
==Parts of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine==
+
A beacon of hope in the treatment of melanoma has long been the observation that melanoma is susceptible to attack by the host’s immune system. This has resulted in the testing of a remarkably broad spectrum of immunotherapies, including the use of nonspecific immunostimulants, various approaches to vaccine therapies, and cytokine therapy. Many of these approaches failed to demonstrate a significant clinical impact, and the practitioner had been left with few options in treating high-risk melanoma patients with adjuvant therapy. One exception to this, however, has been the use of adjuvant interferon alpha (IFN-{alpha})
  
 +
While the precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood, there are multiple antitumor effects of IFN-{alpha}. These include a direct antiproliferative effect, the enhancement of natural killer cell activity, and the upregulation of tumor antigens and/or HLA class I and class II antigens. Initial phase II clinical studies with IFN-{alpha} in metastatic melanoma showed response rates in the 10%–20% range [4, 5]. These response rates, while encouraging, were not significant enough to lead to its widespread use in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. [http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/full/8/5/451 Source]
  
−
The basic parts of a horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT) is foundation, tower, nacelle, Generator, Rotor Blades.
 
  
−
[[Image:partss.jpeg|center|300px|thumb|Fig 6 [http://www.solarpowerwindenergy.org/2010/04/02/parts-of-a-wind-turbine/ Wind turbine parts]]]
+
==Interactive Taxonomy==
 +
<mm>[[Interferon_For_the_treatment_Of_Melanoma.mm]]</mm>
  
−
'''Foundation''': A very good foundation is required to support the tower and various parts of a wind turbine
+
==Concept Table==
−
which weighs in tonnes.
+
  
−
===Tower===
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-1'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-2'''</center>
  
−
A tower that supports the nacelle and rotor hub at its top. These are made from tubular steel, concrete, or steel lattice. Height of the tower is an important in design of HWAT. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity. Generally output power of the wind system increase with increase in height and also reduces the turbulance in wind. The theoritical view of tower height versus power out is shown in figure 7 .
+
|-
−
click on the link to get more about towers [[Wind Turbine Towers]]
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
−
[[Image:height.jpeg|center|300px|thumb| Fig 7 [http://www.windsolarenergy.org/map-of-best-locations-for-wind-power.htm Tower height Vs Power output]]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanoma</center>
−
Source:[http://windsine.org/?act=spage&f=wind The Fundamentals of Wind Energy]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon</center>
  
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Different types of wind turbine towers'''
 
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Structure'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|'''Tubular Tower: '''They are constructed from rolled steel plates welded together with flanges top and bottom, being sprayed with several coats of gray weatherproof paint at the construction yard. They have doors top and bottom allowing entrance to the vertical ladders inside used to access the power cables and the yaw mechanism. There are also a set of vertical ladders on the outside of the tower accessing the nacelle for maintenance and other checks.
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
−
|[[Image:turbular.jpeg|200px|center|thumb|Fig 8(a) [http://americanrenewableenergycorp.com/towers Tubular tower]]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Cancer</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>IFN</center>
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''Lattice tower''': A Lattice tower can be constructed with perfectly shapped steel rods that are put together to form a lattice. These towers are very strong and inexpensive to manufacture and easy to transport and erect.
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
−
|[[Image:lattices.jpeg|center|200px|thumb|Fig 8(b) [http://www.mywindpowersystem.com/2010/03/wind-power-stats-quiet-critics/ Lattice tower]]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Skin Cancer</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>huIFN</center>
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''Guyed wind tower''': These are very strong and most economical when properly installed. But it requires more space around the tower for guy wires
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
−
|[[Image:guyed.jpeg|center|200px|thumb|Fig 8(c) [http://itgiproducts.com/energy/windTowers.asp Guy tower]]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Carcinoma</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"|
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''Tilt up wind towers:'''These type of towers are used for consumer wind energy. These turbines have locking system, while working the turbine is locked. It can easily ulocked and lowered to ground to perform repairs.
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
−
| [[Image:tiltup.jpeg|center|200px|thumb|Fig 8(d) [http://itgiproducts.com/energy/windTowers.asp Tiltup tower]]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Tumor</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"|
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''Free standing tower:'''These can be used for small wind turbines with cautions.
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''6'''</center>
−
| [[Image:free.jpeg |center|thumb|Fig 8(e) [http://itgiproducts.com/energy/windTowers.asp Free stand tower]]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanocyte</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"|
 
|}
 
|}
−
Sources:[http://windertower.com/ Winder Tower],[http://www.thesolarguide.com/wind-power/wind-towers.aspx Wind Towers]
+
===French Keywords Concept table===
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-1'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-2'''</center>
  
−
=== Blades===
+
|-
−
Wind turbine blades are used to extract the kinetic energy of wind and convert to mechanical energy. These blades are made up of fiber glass-reinforced polyester or wood-epoxy. Wind turbines have one or two or three or multiple blades based up on the construction. Most of the HAWT have three blades. These are connected to rotor hub. Multiple blade concept is used in earlier days for pumping water and grinding etc.
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>mélanome</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interféron*</center>
  
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Single blade HAWT'''
 
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Two blade HAWT'''
 
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Three blade HAWT'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| It reduces the cost and weight of the turbine. These are rarely used due to tower shadow effects, needs counter weights on the other side of the blade, less stability.
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
−
[[Image:single.jpeg|center|200px|thumb|Fig 9(a) [http://www.wind-energy-the-facts.org/en/part-i-technology/chapter-3-wind-turbine-technology/evolution-of-commercial-wind-turbine-technology/design-styles.html Single blade turbine]]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peau Cancer </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>huIFN </center>
  
−
| It requires more complex design due to sustain of wind shocks. It is also less stable. It saves the cost and weight of one rotor blade.
+
|-
−
[[Image:two.jpeg|center|300px|thumb|Fig 9(b) [http://www.trendir.com/green/?start=15 Two blade turbine]]]
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
−
|Modern wind trubines uses three blade concept. Because this structure have hight strength to withstand heavy wind stroms. Less effect due to towe shadow. Produces high output
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Carcinome </center>
−
[[Image:three.jpeg|center| 200px|thumb|Fig 9(c) [http://www.china-windturbine.com/wind-turbines-blades.htm Three blade turbine]]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>IFN </center>
−
|}
+
−
Sources:[http://guidedtour.windpower.org/en/tour/design/concepts.htm Wind Turbine Blades],[http://www.wind-energy-the-facts.org/en/part-i-technology/chapter-3-wind-turbine-technology/evolution-of-commercial-wind-turbine-technology/design-styles.html Wind Turbine Design Styles]
+
  
−
===Nacelle===
+
|-
−
A housing which contains all the components which is essential to operate the turbine efficiently is called a nacelle. It is fitted at the top of a tower and includes the gear box, low- and high-speed shafts, generator, controller, and brakes. A wind speed anemometer and a wind vane are mounted on the nacelle.
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Tumeur </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"|
  
−
[[Image:nacell.png |center|400px|thumb|Fig 10 [http://windturbinesforthehome.com/ Internal nacelle structure]]]
+
|-
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Mélanocyte </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"|
  
−
'''Hub'''
+
|}
−
A rotor hub is provided for coupling a wind turbine rotor blade and a shaft. The hub assembly consists of hub, bolts, blade bearings, pitch system and internals
+
−
. Rotor hubs are made with welded sheet steel, cast iron, fored steel. The types of rotor hubs are
+
−
* Hingeless hub
+
−
* Teetering hub
+
  
−
[[Image:rotorhub.jpg |center|thumb|Fig 11 [http://syigroup.en.made-in-china.com/product/dbTQyzJOHYRi/China-Iron-Casting-Wind-Mill-Tower-Rotor-Hub.html Rotor hub]]]
+
===German Keywords Concept Table===
  
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-1'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-2'''</center>
  
−
'''Drive shaft'''
+
|-
−
Drive shafts are a hollow or solid steel hardened shaft under very high stresses and considerable torque. Drive shafts are used to transfer rotational mechanical energy from blade hub to the generator to produce electricity. A wind turbine normally consists two shafts .  
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanoma</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon</center>
  
−
'''''Main shaft''''': It is connected between blade hub and input to the gear box. It rotates at low speeds. So It is also called as 'low speed shaft'.
+
|-
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Haut Krebs </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>huIFN </center>
  
−
'''''Generator shaft''''': It connects the gear box output to the generator input. It rotates at very high speed equals to the rating of the generator. It is also called 'high speed shaft'.
+
|-
−
 
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
−
[[Image:mainshaft.jpg|center|200px||thumb|Fig 12 [http://jiangyinzkforging.en.made-in-china.com/product/hewxIQjbgTpr/China-Wind-Turbine-Shaft-For-Wind-Power-Generator-ALIM2143-.html Shaft system]]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Karzinoma </center>
−
 
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>IFN </center>
−
'''Gear box'''
+
−
Gear box used in wind energy systems to change low speed  high toque power coming from a rotor blade to high speed low torque power which is used for generator. It is connected in between main shaft and generator shaft to increase rotational speeds from about 30 to 60 rotations per minute (rpm) to about 1000 to 1800 rpm.
+
−
Gearboxes used for wind turbine  are made from superior quality aluminum alloys, stainless steel, cast iron etc.
+
−
 
+
−
The various gear boxes used in wind turbines are
+
−
# Planetary Gearbox
+
−
# Helical Gearbox
+
−
# Worm Gearbox
+
−
 
+
−
[[Image:Gearra.jpg |center|250px|thumb|Fig13 [http://machinedesign.com/article/green-technology-inside-an-advanced-wind-turbine-0605 Gear box]]]
+
−
 
+
−
'''Generator'''
+
−
 
+
−
The output rotational mechanical energy of the gear box is connected to the generator through generator shaft. It works on the principle of 'Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction". It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
+
−
 
+
−
Sources:[http://windturbinesforthehome.com/ Wind Power Turbines], [http://www.awewind.com/Products/TurbineConstruction/MainAssembly/RotorHub/tabid/81/Default.aspx Rotor Hub Assembly],[http://www.gears-gearbox.com/wind-turbines.html Gearbox for Wind Turbines], [http://www.top-alternative-energy-sources.com/inside-a-wind-turbine.html A Wind Turbine],[http://guidedtour.windpower.org/en/tour/wtrb/yaw.htm The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism]
+
−
 
+
−
===Anemometers===
+
−
Wind speed is the most important factor for determing the power content in the wind. The power content in the wind is directly proportional to cube of the wind velocity. Measuring wind speed is important for site selection. The device which is used for measuring wind speed is called anemometer. These are usally located on top of the nacelle.
+
−
 
+
−
[[Image:windvane.png|center|300px|thumb|Fig 14 [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html Anemometer & Wind vane]]]
+
−
Source:[http://blog.mapawatt.com/2009/07/06/make-sure-you-have-wind-speed/ Anemometer]
+
−
 
+
−
'''Types of anemometers'''
+
−
The various types of anemometers are used in measuring wind speed is shown in flow  chart below.
+
−
 
+
−
[[Image:anemometers.png|center|600px]]
+
−
 
+
−
Source:[[Media:wind_power_energy.pdf| Wind Power Energy]]
+
−
 
+
−
'''Wind vane'''
+
−
Wind vanes are used to measure the wind directions and communicates with the yaw system to orient the turbine properly with respective to wind directions, to extract maximum amount of power from wind. Wind turbines are oriented to upstream wind or down stream wind.
+
−
 
+
−
Source:[http://www.top-alternative-energy-sources.com/inside-a-wind-turbine.html A Wind Turbine]
+
−
 
+
−
===Yaw Mechanism===
+
−
yaw mechanism turns the rotor into the upwind direction as the wind direction changes. Electric motors and gear boxes are used to keep the turbine yawed against wind. This can be also used as controlling mechanism during high wind speeds.
+
−
[[Image:yawsystem.png|center|350px|thumb|Fig 15 Yaw structure]]
+
−
Source:[http://guidedtour.windpower.org/en/tour/wtrb/yaw.htm The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism]
+
−
 
+
−
=Electrical Generating Systems=
+
−
 
+
−
The various types of electrical generators are used in wind energy systems are shown in figure.
+
−
[[Image:generator.png|center|600px]]
+
−
 
+
−
Source:[[Media:windturbinegenerators.pdf|Wind Turbine Generators]]
+
−
 
+
−
The most commonly used generator systems applied in wind turbines are are explained below.
+
−
 
+
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"| 
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Fixed speed generating systems'''
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Variable speed generating systems'''
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Doubly fed induction generator'''
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Structure
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
−
| [[Image:fixed.png|center|250px]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Krebsgeschwür </center>
−
| [[Image:variable.png|center|250px]]
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"|  
−
| [[Image:dfigg.png|center|250px]]
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Machines
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
−
| SQIG
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Tumor </center>
−
| PMSG/WRSG/WRIG
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"|
−
| DFIG
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Advantages
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center>
−
| <nowiki>* Simple and low cost </nowiki>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Geschwulst </center>
−
<nowiki>* Low maintanace  </nowiki>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"|
−
| <nowiki>* Complete control of real and reactive powers</nowiki>
+
−
 
+
−
<nowiki>* High energy efficiency </nowiki>
+
−
| <nowiki>* Reduced capacity converter</nowiki>
+
−
 
+
−
<nowiki>* Decoupled control of active and reactive power flow</nowiki>
+
−
 
+
−
<nowiki>* Smooth grid connection</nowiki>
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Drawbacks
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center>
−
| <nowiki>* </nowiki>No control on real and reactive power
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanozyten </center>
−
 
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"|
−
<nowiki>* Less optimum power extraction capability</nowiki>
+
−
 
+
−
<nowiki>* Poor power factor</nowiki>
+
−
 
+
−
<nowiki>* High mechanical stress on turbine mechanical components</nowiki>
+
−
| <nowiki>* Additional cost of power electronics</nowiki>
+
−
 
+
−
<nowiki>* Limited fault ride through capability</nowiki>
+
−
| <nowiki>* Regular maintenance of slip ring and gearbox</nowiki>
+
−
 
+
−
<nowiki>* Limited fault ride-through capability</nowiki>
+
  
 
|}
 
|}
−
Source:[http://www.uni-hildesheim.de/~irwin/inside_wind_turbines.html Inside wind turbines]
 
  
−
=Wind Turbine Control Systems=
 
−
As the wind turbines increases in size and power, control systems plays a major role to operate wind turbines in safe region and also to improve efficiency and quality of power conversion. The main objectives of wind turbine control systems is
 
−
*''Energy capture'' : Operating the wind turbine to extract maximum amount of energy considering safe restrictions like rated power, rated speed, cut-out wind speed etc.,
 
−
* ''Mechanical loads'': protecting the systems from transient loads.
 
−
* ''Power quality'': Conditioning the generated power with grid interconnection standards.
 
−
The various control techniques used in wind turbines are shown in table below
 
  
 +
===Class codes identified for searches===
  
 +
* '''Relevant IPC classes'''
  
−
 
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="75%"
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|'''IPC'''
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Control System'''
+
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Pitch contol'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Sr. No.'''
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Yaw control'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class Code'''
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Stall control'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class definition'''
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Generator torque control'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class coverage'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#83caff"|'''Description'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
−
| A method of controlling the speed of a wind turbine by varying the orientation, or pitch, of the blades, and thereby altering its aerodynamics and efficiency.
+
|align = "center"|A61K003819
−
[[Image:pitch.jpg|thumb|center|175px|Fig 16(a) [http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8189 Pitch control]]]
+
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
−
Source:[http://www.moog.com/markets/energy/wind-turbines/blade-pitch-control/ Blade Pitch Control]
+
|align = "center"|Broad
−
| The rotation of horizontal axis wind turbine around its tower to orient the turbine in upwind or down wind direction.
+
|-
−
[[Image:Yaw.jpg|thumb|center|175px||Fig 16(b) [http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8189 Yaw control]]]
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
−
Source:[http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8189 Wind Turbine Control Methods]
+
|align = "center"|A61K003821
−
|Stall control works by increasing the angle at which the relative wind strikes the blades (angle of attack). As the wind speed increases drag force on the blade increase and lift force gets reduces, thus finally reduces the speed of turbine.A fully stalled turbine blade, when stopped, has the flat side of the blade facing directly into the wind. Compare with furling.
+
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides Interferon
−
Source:[http://www.windmeup.org/2008/03/stall-control-basics.html Stall-control basics]
+
|align = "center"|Specific
−
|As the aerodynamic torque control changes, rotor speed changes. it changes the output power frequency. A frequency converter is connected in between generator and the network to maintain generator power constant.
+
|-
−
Source[[Media:windenergycontrol.pdf|Wind Energy Control]]
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001452
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
 +
|align = "center"|Broad
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K014555
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''5'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001456
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''6'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K014565
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''7'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001457
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''8'''
 +
|align = "center"|A61P003500
 +
|align = "center"|Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations -antineoplastic agents
 +
|align = "center"|Broad
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=Taxonomy for Wind Turbines=
+
* '''Relevant ECLA classes'''
−
[[Image:windTurbines12.jpeg|center|1000px]]
+
  
−
==Major IPC classes==
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="75%"
−
A majority of patents describing wind turbines or wind energy are classified in the following IPC classifications.
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|'''ECLA'''
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''S.NO'''
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''IPC Classification'''
+
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Description'''
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|1
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Sr. No.'''
−
| align = "center"|F03D
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class Code'''
−
| WIND MOTORS
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class definition'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class coverage'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|2
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
−
| align = "center"|F16C
+
|align = "center"|A61K003819
−
| SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OF CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
+
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
 +
|align = "center"|Broad
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|3
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
−
| align = "center"|F16H
+
|align = "center"|A61K003821
−
| GEARING
+
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing  Interferon
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|4
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
−
| align = "center"|F03B
+
|align = "center"|A61K38/21A
−
| MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
+
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing  IFN-alpha
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|5
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
−
|align = "center"|H02K
+
|align = "center"|A61K38/21B
−
|DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
+
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing  IFN-beta
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|6
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''5'''
−
| align = "center"|H02P
+
|align = "center"|A61K38/21C
−
| CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, GENERATORS, OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
+
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing  IFN-gamma
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|7
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''6'''
−
| align = "center"|H02M
+
|align = "center"|C07K001452
−
| APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION
+
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
 +
|align = "center"|Broad
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|8
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''7'''
−
| align = "center"|H02J
+
|align = "center"|C07K014555
−
| CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
+
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|9
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''8'''
−
| align = "center"|G06F
+
|align = "center"|C07K001456
−
| ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
+
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|10
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''9'''
−
| align = "center"|G05F
+
|align = "center"|C07K014565
−
| SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
+
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''10'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001457
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''11'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K014715G
 +
|align = "center"|Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants - for interferons -
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|11
 
−
| align = "center"|H02H
 
−
| EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Major Players==
+
* '''Relevant US classes'''
−
Major players in the Wind Energy sector include: General Electric, Vestas Wind Systems, Siemens AG, Mitsubishi Ltd, REPower Systems AG, Gamesa Innovation & Technology, Enercon, Nordex, Suzlon and Sinovel Wind Group Co. Ltd.
+
  
−
=<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>=
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"
−
<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br>
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "3"|'''US class'''
−
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p>
+
|-
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Sr. No.'''
−
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]'''  
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class Code'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class definition'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center"|4240854
 +
|align = "center"|DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - this subclass provides for patents which broadly claim interferon or a method of treatment of interferon where the classification of the interferon as alpha, beta or gamma interferon is impossible
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
 +
|align = "center"|4242811
 +
|align = "center"| DRUG, BIO-AFFCTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Virus (e.g., interferon-inducing virus, etc.)
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center"|42400141
 +
|align = "center"|DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Attached to lymphokine, cytokine, or other secreted growth regulatory factor, differentiation factor, or intercellular mediator specific for a hematopoietic cell (e.g., interferon, interleukin, macrophage factor, colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin); derivative thereof
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
 +
|align = "center"|514889
 +
|align = "center"|DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - INTERFERON INDUCER
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''5'''
 +
|align = "center"|530351
 +
|align = "center"| CHEMISTRY: NATURAL RESINS OR DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES OR PROTEINS; LIGNINS OR REACTION PRODUCTS THEREOF - Lymphokines, e.g., interferons, interlukins, etc.
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''6'''
 +
|align = "center"|930142
 +
|align = "center"|PEPTIDE OR PROTEIN SEQUENCE - Interferon
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''7'''
 +
|align = "center"|4240851
 +
|align = "center"|LYMPHOKINE - Included in this and the indented subclasses interferon, interleukin and macrophage factors (monokines)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''8'''
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
+
|align = "center"|4240855
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
+
|align = "center"|Gamma or immune: This subclass is indented under subclass 85.4. Subject matter in which the interferon is gamma or immune interferon.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''9'''
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
+
|align = "center"|4240856
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
+
|align = "center"|Subject matter in which the interferon is beta or fibroblast interferon.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''10'''
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
+
|align = "center"|4240857
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
+
|align = "center"|Subject matter in which the interferon is alpha or leukocyte interferon.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
<br>
 
  
−
= Doubly-fed Induction Generator=
+
==Intellectual property==
−
The present study on the IP activity in the area of horizontal axis wind turbines with focus on '''''Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG)''''' is based on a search conducted on Thomson Innovation.
+
−
==Control patents==
+
  
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"
+
===Search strategy and concept===
−
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"| <center>'''S No'''</center>
+
−
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"| <center>'''Patent / Publication No.'''</center>
+
−
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"| <center>'''Publication Date'''</center>
+
−
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"| <center>'''Assignee / Applicant'''</center>
+
−
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"| <center>'''Title'''</center>
+
  
−
|-
+
Date of Search: 1836 to Feb 3rd, 2011
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''1'''</center>
+
Database used: Micropatent - Include extensive full text and MPI-Inpadoc searches
−
|  <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6278211.PN.&OS=PN/6278211&RS=PN/6278211 US6278211B1]</center>
+
−
|  <center>02/08/01</center>
+
−
|  <center>SWEO EDWIN A</center>
+
−
|  Brushless doubly-fed induction machines employing dual cage rotors
+
  
−
|-
+
===Search in Micropatent full text - English language search===
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''2'''</center>
+
−
|  <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6954004.PN.&OS=PN/6954004&RS=PN/6954004 US6954004B2]</center>
+
−
|  <center>11/10/05</center>
+
−
|  <center>SPELLMAN HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRON</center>
+
−
|  Doubly fed induction machine
+
  
−
|-
+
Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''3'''</center>
+
−
|  <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7411309.PN.&OS=PN/7411309&RS=PN/7411309 US7411309B2]</center>
+
−
|  <center>12/08/08</center>
+
−
|  <center>XANTREX TECHNOLOGY INC</center>
+
−
|  Control system for doubly fed induction generator
+
  
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S. No.'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class Code (IPC,US,ECLA)'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''4'''</center>
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
−
| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7485980.PN.&OS=PN/7485980&RS=PN/7485980 US7485980B2]</center>
+
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
−
| <center>03/02/09</center>
+
|align = "center"|Title, Abstract and Claims
−
| <center>HITACHI LTD</center>
+
|align = "center"|Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords
−
| Power converter for doubly-fed power generator system
+
|align = "center"|A61K003821<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G OR 4240854 OR 4242811 OR 42400141 OR 514889 OR 530351 OR 930142
−
 
+
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|576
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''5'''</center>
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
−
| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7800243.PN.&OS=PN/7800243&RS=PN/7800243 US7800243B2]</center>
+
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
−
| <center>21/09/10</center>
+
|align = "center"|Title, Abstract and Claims
−
| <center>VESTAS WIND SYS AS</center>
+
|align = "center"|Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords
−
| Variable speed wind turbine with doubly-fed induction generator compensated for varying rotor speed
+
|align = "center"|A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR 4240851 OR 4240855 OR 4240856 OR 4240857 OR A61P003500
−
 
+
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|756
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''Final query'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|'''1 OR 2'''
 +
|align = "center"|1019 records<br>'''571 unique records'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''6'''</center>
 
−
|  <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7830127.PN.&OS=PN/7830127&RS=PN/7830127 US7830127B2]</center>
 
−
|  <center>09/11/10</center>
 
−
|  <center>WIND TO POWER SYSTEM S L</center>
 
−
|  Doubly-controlled asynchronous generator
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Thomson Innovation Search==
+
===Search in Micropatent full text - Foreign language search===
−
A search is carried out using a combination of keywords and classifications in Thomson Innovation.
+
−
The Classifications identified relevant to the scope of the search are:
+
  
−
===IPC/ ECLA Classes===
 
  
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+
Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''IPC/ ECLA Class'''
+
 
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Definition'''
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="100%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Language'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class Code (IPC, ECLA)'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"| F03D9/00
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''1'''
−
|Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus)
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|'''French'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title, Abstract and Claims
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s foregin langugae keywords
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K003821<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G
 +
|align = "center"|(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|184 hits
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"| F03D9/00C
+
|align = "center"|'''German'''
−
|Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus)/ the apparatus being an electrical generator
+
|align = "center"|(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"| H02J3/38
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''2'''
−
|Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks/ Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|'''French'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title, Abstract and Claims
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s and interferon<nowiki>’</nowiki>s foregin langugae keywords
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR A61P003500
 +
|align = "center"|(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3375 hits
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"| H02K17/42
+
|align = "center"|'''German'''
−
|DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES/ Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators/ Asynchronous induction generators
+
|align = "center"|(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"| H02P9/00
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
−
|CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, GENERATORS, OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS / Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
+
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Final query'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''3422 hits<br>(2023 unique records, 30-35 % relevant)'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===US Classes===
+
 
 +
===Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - English language search===
 +
 
 +
Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.
  
 
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''US Class'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Definition'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class search'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|290/044
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
−
|PRIME-MOVER DYNAMO PLANTS/ ELECTRIC CONTROL/ Fluid-current motors / Wind
+
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|Specific IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords
 +
|align = "center"|A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457
 +
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|174
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|290/055
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
−
|PRIME-MOVER DYNAMO PLANTS/ FLUID-CURRENT MOTORS/ Wind
+
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords
 +
|align = "center"|A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500
 +
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR interferon<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|484
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|318/727
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
−
|ELECTRICITY: MOTIVE POWER SYSTEMS/ INDUCTION MOTOR SYSTEMS
+
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|Specific ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords
 +
|align = "center"|A61K03821<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 OR C07K014715G
 +
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|102
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|322/047
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
−
|ELECTRICITY: SINGLE GENERATOR SYSTEMS/ GENERATOR CONTROL/ Induction generator
+
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|Broad ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords
 +
|align = "center"|A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500
 +
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR interferon<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|9
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''5'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|'''Final query'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4'''
 +
|align = "center"|587 hits<br>'''232 unique records'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
===Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - Foreign language search===
  
 +
Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.
  
−
===Concept Table===
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''S.No'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Concept1'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Language'''
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Concept1'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Concept1'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class Code (IPC, ECLA)'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|1
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''1'''
−
|Doubly fed
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
−
|Induction
+
|align = "center"|'''French'''
−
|Generator
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Specific IPC/ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457
 +
|align = "center"|(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|4 hits
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|2
+
|align = "center"|'''German'''
−
|Double output
+
|align = "center"|(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
−
|Asynchronous
+
−
|Machines
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|3
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''2'''
−
|Dual fed
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
−
|
+
|align = "center"|'''French'''
−
|Systems
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500
 +
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR Interféron<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>Interféron OR huIFN) AND  (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|25 hits
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|4
+
|align = "center"|'''German'''
−
|Dual feed
+
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR interferon<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>interferon OR huIFN AND (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
−
|
+
−
|
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|5
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
−
|Dual output
+
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Final query'''
−
|
+
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2'''
−
|
+
|align = "center"|'''29 hits'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===Search Strategy===
+
===Search in Japanese database===
  
−
The databases covered in the search include: US Grant, GB App, US App, FR App, WO App, DE Util, EP Grant, DE Grant, EP App, DE App, JP Util, JP Grant, JP App, CN Util, CN App, KR Util , KR Grant, KR App, Other, DWPI
+
Database: IPDL (Industrial property digital library), Japan
  
 +
Date of search: 1900/01/01 to 2011/02/15
 +
 +
{| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "left" width="50%"
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''S.No.'''
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Issue/Publication date'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''F-Term Theme'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''FI/F-term/Facet '''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Hits'''</center>
  
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''S.No'''
 
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''No. of Hits'''
 
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Remarks'''
 
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Search String'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|1
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
−
|align = "center"|795 hits
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1900/01/01 to 2011/02/15'''</center>
−
|Doubly fed induction generator keywords
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4H045</center>
−
|CTB=(((((Doubl*3 or dual*3 or two) adj3 (power*2 or output*4 or control*4 or fed or feed*3)) near5 (induction or asynchronous)) near5 (generat*3 or machine*1 or dynamo*1)) OR DFIG);
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>DA15+DA16+DA17+DA18 </center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1298</center>
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Total patents: 1298 (Relevancy ~10%)'''
 +
 
 +
 
 +
* '''F-Terms and theme used in search'''
 +
 
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="75%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "3"|'''Japanese F-term search'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Definition'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|2
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Sr. No.'''
−
|align = "center"|93 hits
+
|align = "center"|'''F- Term theme'''
−
|Induction motor classes AND Doubly fed generator keywords
+
|align = "center"|'''4H045'''
−
|(UC=(318/727 OR 322/047) OR AIOE=(H02K001742)) AND ALL=(((((Doubl*3 or dual*3 or two) adj3 (power*2 or output*1 or control*4 or fed or feed*3)) near5 (generat*3 or machine*1 or dynamo*1))) OR DFIG);
+
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|3
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
−
|align = "center"|675 hits
+
|align = "center"|F-term
−
|Broad classes of generators AND Doubly fed induction generator keywords
+
|align = "center"|DA15
−
|(UC=(290/044 OR 290/055) OR AIOE=(F03D000900C OR H02J000338 OR F03D0009* OR H02P0009*)) AND ALL=(((((Doubl*2 or dual*3 or two) adj3 (power*2 or output*1 or control*3 or fed or feed*3)) near5 (induction or asynchronous)) near5 (generat*3 or machine*1 or dynamo*1)) or DFIG);
+
|align = "center"|Peptide or protein characterised by function - Interferons
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|4
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
−
|align = "center"|240 hits
+
|align = "center"|F-term
−
|French keywords
+
|align = "center"|DA16
−
| CTB=((((Doubl*3 or dual*3or ADJ two or deux) near4 (nourris or feed*3 or puissance or sortie*1 or contrôle*1)) near4 (induction or asynchrone*1) near4 (générateur*1 or generator*1 or machine*1 or dynamo*1)) or DFIG);
+
|align = "center"|Alpha-interferons
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|5
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
−
|align = "center"|282 hits
+
|align = "center"|F-term
−
|German keywords
+
|align = "center"|DA17
−
|CTB=(((((doppel*1 or dual or two or zwei) adj3 (Ausgang or Ausgänge or Kontroll* or control*4 or gesteuert or Macht or feed*1 or gefüttert or gespeiste*1)) or (doppeltgefüttert or DOPPELTGESPEISTE*1)) near4 (((Induktion or asynchronen) near4 (generator*2 or Maschine*1 or dynamo*1)) or (INDUKTION?MASCHINEN or INDUKTION?generatoren or Asynchronmaschine or Asynchrongenerator))) or DFIG);
+
|align = "center"|Beta-interferons
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center"|6
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
−
|align = "center"|920 hits
+
|align = "center"|F-term
−
|
+
|align = "center"|DA18
−
|ALL=(((((((Doubl*3 or dual*3) adj3 (power*2 or output*4 or control*4 or fed or feed*3))) near5 (generat*3 or machine*1 or dynamo*1))) same wind) or (DFIG same wind)) AND DP>=(18360101);
+
|align = "center"|Gamma-interferons
−
|-
+
−
|align = "center"|7
+
−
|align = "center"|'''1434 hits (702 INPADOC Families)'''
+
−
|Combined Query
+
−
|1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Taxonomy==
+
===Scientific Literature Search===
−
<mm>[[mmap825(1.1)_1.mm|Interactive Mindmap|center|title Doubly-fed Induction Generator]]</mm>
+
  
−
==Sample Analysis==
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"
−
A sample of 139 patents from the search are analysed based on the taxonomy.
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>S.No</center>
−
Provided a link below for sample spread sheet analysis for doubly-fed induction generators.<br>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Database</center>
−
===Patent Analysis===
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Query</center>
−
{| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Limits by Date</center>
−
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''S. No'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>No.Of Hits</center>
−
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''Patent / Publication No.'''</center>
+
−
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''Publication Year'''</center>
+
−
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''Assignee / Applicant'''</center>
+
−
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''Title'''</center>
+
−
| colspan="2"  style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''Doclera Analysis'''</center>
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''Problem'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''Solution'''</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Pubmed</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Melanoma Or carcinoma or cancer* or tumor) And (IFN* OR Interferon)</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>20000101-20110221</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>28402</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''1'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>
−
| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100117605%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100117605&RS=DN/20100117605 US20100117605A1]</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Scirus</center>
−
| <center>2010</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Melanoma Or carcinoma or cancer* or tumor) And (IFN* OR Interferon)</center>
−
| <center>Woodward SEG GMBH </center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2000-2011</center>
−
| Method of and apparatus for operating a double-fed asynchronous machine in the event of transient mains voltage changes
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>24835</center>
−
| The short-circuit-like currents in the case of transient mains voltage changes lead to a corresponding air gap torque which loads the drive train and transmission lines can damages or reduces the drive train and power system equipments.
+
−
| The method presents that the stator connecting with the network and the rotor with a converter. The converter is formed to set a reference value of an electrical amplitude in the rotor, by which a reference value of the electrical amplitude is setted in the rotor after attaining a transient mains voltage change, such that the rotor flux approaches the stator flux.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''2'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center>
−
| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050189896%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050189896&RS=DN/20050189896 US20100045040A1]</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Google Scholar</center>
−
| <center>2010</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Melanoma Or carcinoma or cancer* or tumor) And (IFN* OR Interferon)</center>
−
| <center>Vestas Wind Systems</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2000-2011</center>
−
| Variable speed wind turbine with doubly-fed induction generator compensated for varying rotor speed
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>21100</center>
−
| The DFIG system has poor damping of oscillations within the flux dynamics due to cross coupling between active and reactive currents, which makes the system potentially unstable under certain circumstances and complicates the work of the rotor current controller. These oscillations ca damage the drive train mechanisms.
+
 
−
| A comprensation block is arranged, which feeds a compensation control output to the rotor of the generator. The computation unit computes the control output during operation of the turbine to compensate partly for dependencies on a rotor angular speed of locations of poles of a generator transfer function, so that the transfer function is made independent of variations in the speed during operation of the turbine which eliminates the osicllations and increases the efficinecy of the wind turbine.
+
|}
 +
 
 +
==Sample patents==
 +
 
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Patent/Publication No'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Date Of Publication'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Assignee'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Title'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Abstract'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Problem'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Solution'''</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''3'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
−
| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090267572%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090267572&RS=DN/20090267572 US20090267572A1]</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7482014.PN.&OS=PN/7482014&RS=PN/7482014 US7482014B2]</center>
−
| <center>2009</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>01/27/2009</center>
−
| <center>Woodward SEG GMBH </center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
−
| Current limitation for a double-fed asynchronous machine
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanoma therapy </center>
−
| Abnormal currents can damage the widings in the doubly- fed induction gnerator. Cntrolling these currents with the subordinate current controllers cannot be an efficient way to extract the maximum amount of active power.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Methods for treating treatment-naive as well as treatment-experienced patients having melanoma to increase the progression-free survival time involving administering a therapeutically effective amount of pegylated interferon-alpha, e.g., preferably pegylated interferon alpha-2b, as adjuvant therapy to definitive surgery are disclosed.</center>
−
| The method involves delivering or receiving of a maximum permissible reference value of an active power during an operation of a double-fed asynchronous machine, where predetermined active power and reactive power reference values are limited to a calculated maximum permissible active and reactive power reference values, and hence ensures reliable regulated effect and reactive power without affecting the power adjustment, the rotor is electrically connected to a pulse-controlled inverter by slip rings with a static frequency changer, and thus a tension with variable amplitude and frequency is imposed in the rotor.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem is with the treatment methods that are employed with previously employed dose regimens for treating Melanoma after definitive surgical removal of the lesions.This led to the occurance of hematologic, neurologic and constitutional toxicities.Subject compliance with the dosage and dosage regimen during both phases is considered to be important to achieve maximum clinical benefit. </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The higher patience compliance is achieved with the improved methods of treatment of melanoma.A therapeutically effective dose of pegylated interferon alpha for a time period sufficient to increase the progression-free survival time was administered to the patient.The treatment regimen includes a first dose of 6.0 micrograms/kg of PEG.sub.12000 interferon alpha-2b once a week for eight weeks, and then administering to the patient a second dose of 3.0 or less micrograms/kg of PEG.sub.12000 interferon alpha-2b once a week for the remainder of a five year treatment period. </center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''4'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
−
| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008944%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008944&RS=DN/20090008944 US20090008944A1]</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5997858.PN.&OS=PN/5997858&RS=PN/5997858 US5997858A]</center>
−
| style="background-color:#ffffff"| <center>2009</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12/7/1999</center>
−
| <center>UNIVERSIDAD PUBLICA DE NAVARRA</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Pharma Pacific Pty Ltd.</center>
−
| Method and system of control of the converter of an electricity generation facility connected to an electricity network in the presence of voltage sags in said network
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Stimulation of host defense mechanisms against tumors</center>
−
| Double-fed asynchronous generators are very sensitive to the faults that may arise in the electricity network, such as voltage sags. During the sag conditions the current which appears in said converter may reach very high values, and may even destroy it.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>A method for treating neoplastic disease in a mammal via administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an interferon via oromucosal contact. The amount of interferon administered is less than an amount which induces a pathological response when administered parenterally.</center>
−
| During the event of a voltage sag occurring, the converter imposes a new setpoint current which is the result of adding to the previous setpoint current a new term, called demagnetizing current, It is is proportional to a value of free flow of a generator stator. A difference between a value of a magnetic flow in the stator of the generator and a value of a stator flow associated to a direct component of a stator voltage is estimated. A value of a preset calculated difference is multiplied by a factor for producing the demagnetizing current.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem is with the method employed for the treatment of neoplastic diseases.The administration of low doses of interferon as a nasal spray or as an oral liquid formulation in the treatment of the neoplastic diseases is not effective in the previous patents.There is no experimental evidence regarding the administration mode of the interferon,though it was anticipated that administrations through other modes is possible to deliver effectively and treating the same conditions.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The solution to the problem is solved by first controlled study in an animal model of the efficacy of oromucosally administered interferon for the treatment of neoplastic diseases.The administration is done oromucosally in asingle dose by almost all forms of Interferons .the amount administered is from about 1500 IU to about 20.times.10.sup.6 IU for a 70 kg man per day.This amount is less than the amount that induces a pathological response in the mammal when administered parenterally.</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''5'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
−
| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7355295.PN.&OS=PN/7355295&RS=PN/7355295 US7355295B2]</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19881026&CC=EP&NR=0288055A1&KC=A1 EP288055A1]</center>
−
| <center>2008</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10/26/1988</center>
−
| <center>Ingeteam Energy, S.A.</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>MERRELL DOW PHARMACEUTICALS INC.</center>
−
| Variable speed wind turbine having an exciter machine and a power converter not connected to the grid
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Use of ODC inhibitors, dacarbazine, and interferon, in the treatment of malignant melanoma </center>
−
| a) The active switching of the semiconductors of the grid side converter injects undesirable high frequency harmonics to the grid.b) The use of power electronic converters (4) connected to the grid (9) causes harmonic distortion of the network voltage.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>This invention relates to the improvement of the polyamine depletion effects of ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors, the improvement being effected by the use of Interferon and Dacarbazine in conjunctive therapy with said inhibitors.</center>
−
| Providing the way that power is only delivered to the grid through the stator of the doubly fed induction generator, avoiding undesired harmonic distortion. Grid Flux Orientation (GFO) is used to accurately control the power injected to the grid. An advantage of this control system is that it does not depend on machine parameters, which may vary significantly, and theoretical machine models, avoiding the use of additional adjusting loops and achieving a better power quality fed into the utility grid.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem in this patent is associated with the methods and drugs that are used for treating the pathological disease conditions such as cancer.Polyamines mechanism is not known and there are some evidences that ODC inhibitors may exert their therapeutic effect by blocking the formation of the polyamines and thereby slowing, interrupting, or arresting the proliferation and metastases of the tumor tissue. So certain methods are explored to find out the same kind of effect on treating cancers.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The solution was found to be the improved methods in treating the cancer with the use of Interferon and Dacarbazine when these disease states are treated with irreversible inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase.This includes a pharmaceutical product containing an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, Interferon and Dacarbazine as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treating rapidly-proliferating cell-growth disease states. Even the methods for the formulation are disussed in this patent.</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''6'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
−
| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080203978%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080203978&RS=DN/20080203978 US20080203978A1]</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19871014&CC=EP&NR=0241242A1&KC=A1 EP241242A1]</center>
−
| <center>2008</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10/14/1987</center>
−
| <center>Semikron</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>CETUS ONCOLOGY CORPORATION</center>
−
| Frequency converter for a double-fed asynchronous generator with variable power output and method for its operation
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The use of interferon-beta and interleukin-2 for combination therapy and compositions therefor </center>
−
| Optislip circuit with a resistor is used when speed is above synchronous speed, results in heating the resistor and thus the generator leads to limitation of operation in supersynchronous range which results tower fluctions.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Anti-tumor activity in humans can be augmented by administering to the human patient and effective amount of IFN-&#946; and IL-2 in combination. The composition of IFN-&#946; and IL-2 may be prepared invitro or administered separately to the patient. The composition is useful for prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of such cancers as melanoma, colon cancer lung cancer and breast cancer.</center>
−
| Providing a back-to-back converter whic contains the inverter circuit has direct current (DC) inputs , DC outputs, and a rotor-rectifier connected to a rotor of a dual feed asynchronous generator. A mains inverter is connected to a power grid, and an intermediate circuit connects one of the DC inputs with the DC outputs. The intermediate circuit has a semiconductor switch between the DC outputs, an intermediate circuit condenser between the DC inputs, and a diode provided between the semiconductor switch and the condenser. Thus the sysem is allowed for any speed of wind and reduces the tower fluctuations.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem in this patent is about the use of interferons seperately in treating the cancers.When administered seperately they were found to induce a response that was good.So an approach was thought of where the combination therapy was given to produce better results.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The concern of the prior art was addressed with the successful administration of a combination therapy with Interferon beta and interleukin-2 as an anti-tumor therapeutic or prophylactic agent. It was made suitable for administration to human patients for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of cancer comprising formulating together, whether by mixing or providing separate doses.The administration is done parenterally.</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''7'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
−
| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070210651%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070210651&RS=DN/20070210651 US20070210651A1]</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100086518%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100086518&RS=DN/20100086518 US20100086518] </center>
−
| <center>2007</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4/8/2010</center>
−
| <center>Hitachi, Ltd.</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>NOVARTIS AG</center>
−
| Power converter for doubly-fed power generator system
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Treatment of melanoma</center>
−
| During the ground faults, excess currents is induced in the secondary windings and flows into power converter connected o secondar side and may danage the power converter. Conventional methos of incresing the capacity of the power cnverter increases system cost , degrade the system and takes time to activate the system to supply power again.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Methods of treating melanoma include administering a compound of Structure I, a tautomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or the tautomer, or a mixture thereof to a subject. The compound, tautomer, salt of the compound, salt of the tautomer, or mixture thereof may be used to prepare medicaments for treating metastatic cancer. The variable A has the values defined herein.</center>
−
| The generator provided with a excitation power converter connected to secondary windings of a doubly-fed generator via impedance e.g. reactor, and a diode rectifier connected in parallel to the second windings of the doubly-fed generator via another impedance. A direct current link of the rectifier is connected in parallel to a DC link of the converter. A controller outputs an on-command to a power semiconductor switching element of the converter if a value of current flowing in the power semiconductor switching element is a predetermined value or larger.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem is that though there are many methods of treating cancer , still there is a need for the advancements in the technologies to be adopted to arrive at better results.The compounds such as quinoline derivatives were used and were disclosed in the prior art for the treatment of Melanoma.The compounds that were used previously were found to be associated with the side effects.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center><nowiki>The solution was found to be finding of compounds that can effectively administered for treating Melanoma.It relates to the use of compounds such as 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quino- lin-2(1H)-one and tautomers, salts, and mixtures thereof in treating melanoma and preparing medicaments for treating melanoma. The therapeutically effective amount of the compound can range from about 0.25 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg body weight of the subject.</nowiki></center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''8'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''6'''</center>
−
| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070132248%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070132248&RS=DN/20070132248 US20070132248A1]</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4846782.PN.&OS=PN/4846782&RS=PN/4846782 US4846782] </center>
−
| <center>2007</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7/11/1989</center>
−
| <center>General Electric</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
−
| System and method of operating double fed induction generators
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Treatment of cancer with interferon and radiotherapy </center>
−
| Wind turbines with double fed induction generators are sensitive to grid faults.Conventional methods are not effective to reduce the shaft stress during grid faults and slow response and using dynamic vltage restoreer (DVR) is cost expensive.  
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Radiation sensitive human cancers are treated with combined interferon and radiation therapy.</center>
−
| The protection system has controlled impedance devices.Impedance device has bidirectional semiconductors such triac, assembly of thyristors or anti-parallel thyristors. Each of the controlled impedance devices is coupled between a respective phase of a stator winding of a double fed induction generator and a respective phase of a grid side converter. The protection system also includes a controller configured for coupling and decoupling impedance in one or more of the controlled impedance devices in response to changes in utility grid voltage and a utility grid current. High impedance is offered to the grid during network faults to isolate the dual fed wind turbine generator.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Radiation therapy emerged some years back for the treatment of cancers.It was observed that the results are good.But there was a need felt to effectively increase the efficacy of radiation treatment.So to develop radiation sensitizers or potentiators which enable the radiation to cause increased tumor destruction. Despite numerous laboratory and clinical studies, no single agent has, to date, emerged as the optimal radiation sensitizer. </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem could be addressed by an effective treatment means using administering subcutaneously to such patients between 2.0.times.10.sup.6 IU/m.sup.2 and 5.0.times.10.sup.6 IU/m.sup.2 of recombinant DNA-alpha-2-interferon .This is done three days a week at a time on those days prior to radiation therapy.The doses are from 15 to 35 Gy are administered five days a week including those days on which interferon is administered.</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''9'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''7'''</center>
−
| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060192390%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060192390&RS=DN/20060192390 US20060192390A1]</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5824300.PN.&OS=PN/5824300&RS=PN/5824300 US5824300] </center>
−
| <center>2006</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10/20/1998</center>
−
| <center>Gamesa Innovation</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The Texas A&M University System</center>
−
| Control and protection of a doubly-fed induction generator system
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Treatment of neoplastic disease with oral interferon </center>
−
| A short-circuit in the grid causes the generator to feed high stator-currents into the short-circuit and the rotor-currents increase very rapidly which cause damage to the power-electronic components of the converter connecting the rotor windings with the rotor-inverter.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Neoplastic diseases are treated by the administration of human interferon, particularly IFN-&#945;, at a dosage of from about 0.01 to about 5 IU/lb./day such that the interferon is held in contact with the patient's oral and pharyngeal mucosae. The interferon is administered in a solid dosage from, e.g., a saliva-dissolvable lozenge.</center>
−
| The converter is provided with a clamping unit which is triggered from a non-operation state to an operation state, during detection of over-current in the rotor windings. The clamping unit comprises passive voltage-dependent resistor element for providing a clamping voltage over the rotor windings when the clamping unit is triggered.  
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Though the research is intensive in the field of interferons,there exists a substantial lack of uniformity in such matters as classification of interferon types. There are also numerous, sometimes contradictory, theories concerning the mode of action of interferon in producing clinical effects.It became apparent that exogenous interferon was sometimes capable of effecting regression or remission of various metastatic diseases. so different studies are conducted to know the clinical agent of choice for the prevention of cancers.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The present invention is based on applicant's discovery that interferon can be used as a consistently effective therapeutic agent for treatment of diseases having an immunopathologic basis--characterized by inadequate immune response and persistence of the disease.The interferon is administered in an amount of about 0.01 to about 5 IU/lb of patient body weight per day. Multiple dose daily regimen is given to the patients.They aid in the better treatment of cancers.</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff"| <center>'''10'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''8'''</center>
−
| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050189896%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050189896&RS=DN/20050189896 US20050189896A1]</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220020107184%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020107184&RS=DN/20020107184 US20020107184]</center>
−
| <center>2005</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8/8/2002</center>
−
| <center>ABB Research LTD</center>
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>None</center>
−
| Method for controlling doubly-fed machine
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>METHOD FOR TREATING MELANOMA </center>
−
| Controlling the double fed machines on the basis of inveter control to implement the targets set for the machine, this model is extremely complicated and includes numerous parameters that are often to be determined.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The present invention discloses a method for treating patients having melanoma or melanoma associated symptoms by parenterally administering Product R, a peptide-nucleic acid preparation.</center>
−
| A method is provided to use a standard scalar-controlled frequency converter for machine control. A frequency reference for the inverter with a control circuit, and reactive power reference are set for the machine. An rotor current compensation reference is set based on reactive power reference and reactive power. A scalar-controlled inverter is controlled for producing voltage for the rotor of the machine, based on the set frequency reference and rotor current compensation reference.
+
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanomas are usually treated by surgical excision, while patients with thick melanomas and those with regional or distant metastasis may benefit from other forms of therapy.Cytokines have been tested in the treatment of different skin cancers during the last decade, and treatment schedules have been established or proposed for several malignant skin tumors. Preferentially, the interferons and interleukin-2 were found to be effective in treating skin cancers including melanoma.But they were needed to be checked in combination with other products as they were anticipated to yield better results.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The new method of treatment using the product R in combination with interferons not only sounded effectively but also proved to be an effective means .The administration is done in an sterile injectible form.</center>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''9'''</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4762705.PN.&OS=PN/4762705&RS=PN/4762705 US4762705] </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8/9/1988</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schwimmer, Adolf W. | Schwartz, Irwin Steven | Rubin, David</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Cancer therapy with interferon </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The effectiveness of interferon for treatment against cancer may be increased by first administering an agent for inhibiting tyrosinase. In this manner the tyrosinase which is known to be produced by malignancies, and which may cause inactivation of the interferon, will be substantially inactivated prior to the interferon administration.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Some of the the prior art patents doesn't trust on the use of interferons for treating all types of malignancies.The reason being the interferons are easily denatured in the enzymatic processes.So attempts were made out initially to find out the reasons for the denaturation even at high doses.Efforts were made to improve methods of cancer therapy using interferon.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The solution has come out in the form of improved treatment method for treating cancer by the efforts of the present inventor.As the reason for the denaturation was found to be tyrosinase,attempts were made seriously to supress this tyrosinase.A composition was made finally with D-penicillamine that can suppress tyrosinase.</center>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''10'''</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5190751.PN.&OS=PN/5190751&RS=PN/5190751 US5190751] </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3/2/1993</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Treatment of certain leukemias with a combination of gamma interferon and alpha interferon </center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Human leukemia T-cells and B-cells are inhibited from proliferating by treatment with a combination of recombinant human alpha and gamma interferons, either simultaneously or sequentially, and the alpha interferon is preferably recombinant human alfa-2b interferon.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The patent in the prior art posed a lot of problems with the use of gamma interferons alone in terms of the purity as the preparations previously were found to be contaminated.When used singly for the treatment of lekimias they were found to yield ineffective results.</center>
 +
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The solution was found to administer alpha and gamma interferons for the treatment of leukemias.It could inhibit the proliferation of susceptible leukemia cells with a cell proliferation inhibiting amount of a combination of both of the interferons.They are adminstered sequentially and simultaneously too to give good results.</center>
  
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Click on the link below to view detailed analysis sheet for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Patent Literature
+
==Taxonomy==
−
<br>
+
−
'''* [[Media:Doublyfed_induction_generator1.xls| Sample analysis on Doubly-Fed Induction Generator-Patent Literature]]'''<br>
+
  
−
===Top Cited Patents===
+
[[Image:taxonomy melanoma mod1.jpg|700px|center|thumb| '''Taxonomy''']]
  
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="75%"
+
== Sample Analysis==
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''S No'''</center>
+
* '''Patents:''' The above sample patents were analysed according to the taxonomy.
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''Patent / Publication N0'''</center>
+
[[Media:Sample analysis of Treating of melanoma.xls| '''Click here to download Sample analysis sheet on Interferon for treatment of Melanomas''']]
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''Title'''</center>
+
 
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''Citation Count'''</center>
+
* '''Scientific Literature:'''* [[Media:Article Analysis Of Melanoma.xls |'''Click here to download Melanoma Treatment Using IFN: sample articles]]
 +
 
 +
==Patent Ranking==
 +
10 Sample Patents were ranked according to the patent focus.
 +
*Patent Ranking Details
 +
1 : Granted Patent & Focus in Independent Claim <br>
 +
2 : Granted Patent & Focus in Dependent Claim <br>
 +
3 : Published Patent & Focus in independent Claim <br>
 +
4 : Published Patent & Focus in Dependent claim <br>
 +
 
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>S.No</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Patent</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Type</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Patent Ranking</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>
−
| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5289041.PN.&OS=PN/5289041&RS=PN/5289041 US5289041A]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US7482014B2</center>
−
| Speed control system for a variable speed wind turbine
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center>
−
| <center>80</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>
−
| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4982147.PN.&OS=PN/4982147&RS=PN/4982147 US4982147A]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US5997858A</center>
−
| Power factor motor control system
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center>
−
| <center>62</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center>
−
| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5028804.PN.&OS=PN/5028804&RS=PN/5028804 US5028804A]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>EP288055A1</center>
−
| Brushless doubly-fed generator control system
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center>
−
| <center>51</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center>
−
| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5239251.PN.&OS=PN/5239251&RS=PN/5239251 US5239251A]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>EP241242A1</center>
−
| Brushless doubly-fed motor control system
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Dependent Claim</center>
−
| <center>49</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center>
−
| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6856038.PN.&OS=PN/6856038&RS=PN/6856038 US6856038B2]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US20100086518 </center>
−
| Variable speed wind turbine having a matrix converter
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Published And Dependent</center>
−
| <center>43</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''6'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center>
−
| [http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=1999029034 WO1999029034A1]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US4846782 </center>
−
| A method and a system for speed control of a rotating electrical machine with flux composed of two quantities
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Dependent Claim</center>
−
| <center>36</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''7'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center>
−
| [http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=1999019963 WO1999019963A1]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US5824300 </center>
−
| Rotating electric machine
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Dependent Claim</center>
−
| <center>36</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''8'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8</center>
−
| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7015595.PN.&OS=PN/7015595&RS=PN/7015595 US7015595B2]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US20020107184</center>
−
| Variable speed wind turbine having a passive grid side rectifier with scalar power control and dependent pitch control
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Published And Independent</center>
−
| <center>34</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''9'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9</center>
−
| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4763058.PN.&OS=PN/4763058&RS=PN/4763058 US4763058A]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US4762705 </center>
−
| Method and apparatus for determining the flux angle of rotating field machine or for position-oriented operation of the machine
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center>
−
| <center>32</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''10'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10</center>
−
| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7095131.PN.&OS=PN/7095131&RS=PN/7095131 US7095131B2]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US5190751 </center>
−
| Variable speed wind turbine generator
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center>
−
| <center>25</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>
  
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===Article Analysis===
+
==Clinical Trials==
 +
*'''Database:''' [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ '''Clinical trials''']
 +
*'''Searched on:''' Feb 25th, 2011
 +
 +
*[[Media:clinical trials treatment of melanoma.xls |'''Please click here to download the clinical trial excel sheet''']]
  
−
{| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"
+
==IP Activity Graphs Of Sample Patents==
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''S No.'''</center>
+
===IP activity based on priority years===
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''Title '''</center>
+
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''Publication Year'''</center>
+
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''Journal / Conference'''</center>
+
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''Dolcera Summary'''</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''1'''</center>
+
−
| style="background-color:#ffffff"| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1709031&queryText=Study+on+the+Control+of+DFIG+and+Its+Responses+to+Grid+Disturbances&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+All Study on the Control of DFIG andIts Responses to Grid Disturbances]
+
−
|  <center>2006-Jan-01</center>
+
−
|  Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE
+
−
|  Presented dynamic model of the DFIG, including mechanical model, generator model, and PWM voltage source coverters. Vector control strategies adapted for both the RSC and GSC to control speed and reactive power independently. controlling desigining methods, such as pole-placement method and the internal model control are used. Matlab/Simulink is used for simulation.
+
  
−
|-
+
* Total of 10 Sample patents(basic patent number) were taken into consideration for the IP activity based on priority years.
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''2'''</center>
+
[[Image:IP act PS priority year Treatment Of Melanoma1.jpg|center|thumb|800 px| IP activity based on priority years]]
−
| style="background-color:#ffffff"| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1649950&queryText=Application+of+Matrix+Converter+for+Variable+Speed+Wind+Turbine+Driving+an+Doubly+Fed+Induction+Generator&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+All Application of Matrix Converter for Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driving an Doubly Fed Induction Generator]
+
−
| style="background-color:#ffffff"| <center>2006-May-23</center>
+
−
| Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, 2006. SPEEDAM 2006.
+
−
| A matrix converter is replaced with back to back converter in a variable speed wind turbine using doubly fed induction generator. Stable operation is achieved by stator flux oriented control techinque and the sytem opertaed in both sub and super synchronous modes, achieved good results.
+
  
−
|-
+
===IP activity based on publication years===
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''3'''</center>
+
−
| style="background-color:#ffffff"| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4778305&queryText=Optimal+Power+Control+Strategy+of+Maximizing+Wind+Energy+Tracking+and+Conversion+for+VSCF+Doubly+Fed+Induction+Generator+System&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+Al Optimal Power Control Strategy of Maximizing Wind Energy Tracking and Conversion for VSCF Doubly Fed Induction Generator System]
+
−
|  <center>2006-Aug-14</center>
+
−
|  Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006. IPEMC 2006. CES/IEEE 5th International
+
−
|  Proposed a new optimal control strategy of maximum wind power extraction stratagies and testified by simulation. The control algorithm also used to minimize the losses in the generator. The dual passage excitation control strategy is applied to decouple the active and reactive powers. With this control system, the simulation results shows the good robustness and high generator efficiency is achieved.
+
  
−
|-
+
* Total of 10 Sample patents(basic patent number) were taken into consideration for the IP activity based on publication years.
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''4'''</center>
+
[[Image:IP act PS publication year Treatment Of Melanoma1.jpg|center|thumb|800 px| IP activity based on publication years]]
−
| style="background-color:#ffffff"| [http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:HqaFsMBhchcJ:iris.elf.stuba.sk/JEEEC/data/pdf/3_108-8.pdf+A+TORQUE+TRACKING+CONTROL+ALGORITHM+FOR+DOUBLY–FED+INDUCTION+GENERATOR&hl=enπd=bl&srcid=ADGEESgbHXoAbKe4O7b5DnykDc7h_LaHwCMIhkVrGX_whx4iUuE4Mc-3Rfq1DyW_h A Torque Tracking Control algorithm for Doubly–fed Induction Generator]
+
−
| style="background-color:#ffffff"| <center>2008-Jan-01</center>
+
−
| Journal of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
+
−
| Proposed a torque tracking control algorithm for Doubly fed induction generator using PI controllers. It is achieved by controlling the rotor currents and using a stator voltage vector reference frame.
+
  
−
|-
 
−
| style="background-color:#83caff"| <center>'''5'''</center>
 
−
| style="background-color:#ffffff"| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4651578&queryText=Fault+Ride+Through+Capability+Improvement+Of+Wind+Farms+Usind+Doubly+Fed+Induciton+Generator&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+All Fault Ride Through Capability Improvement Of Wind Farms Using Doubly Fed Induciton Generator]
 
−
|  <center>2008-Sep-04</center>
 
−
|  Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2008. UPEC 2008. 43rd International
 
−
|  An active diode bridge crowbar switch presented to improve fault ride through capability of DIFG. Showed different parameters related to crowbar such a crowbar resistance, power loss, temparature and time delay for deactivation during fault.
 
−
|}
 
  
−
Click on the link below to view detailed analysis sheet for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator-Non Patent Literature
+
===Geographical Distribution based on family members===
−
<br>
+
−
* '''[[Media:Doublyfed_induction_generators1.xls| Sample analysis on Doubly-Fed Induction Generator-Non Patent Literature]]'''
+
  
−
===Top cited Articles===
+
* The geographical distribution is based on 10 sample  patent numbers along with all their family members.
 +
[[Image:Geographical Distribution based on Family members Melanoma 1.jpg|center|thumb|500 px| Geographical Distribution based on Family members Melanoma]]
  
−
{| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="100%"
+
==Market Report==
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''S No'''</center>
+
===Interferon types & Their Compositions===
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''Title'''</center>
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''Citations Count'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Generic Name'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Brand Name'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Company Name'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Composition'''</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=502360 Doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters and its application to variable-speed wind-energy generation]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Alpha IFN</center>
−
| <center>906</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intron®,Roferon®-A</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-Interferon alfa-2aInactive Ingredients- sodium chloride, ammonium acetate, polysorbate 80, glycine, sodium phosphate dibasic,sodium phosphate monobasic, human albumin, preservative: benzyl alcohol.</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=999610 Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Beta IFN</center>
−
| <center>508</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Avonex</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Biogen IDEC</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-Beta interferon,Inactive Ingredients-65 to 90 wt % of polyol,and a p-hydroxybenzoate,carboxymethyl cellulose,human serum albumin</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=1198317 Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Gamma IFN</center>
−
| <center>274</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Actimmune®</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intermune</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-interferon gamma-1b.,Inactive Ingredients-Polyethylene Glycol,dextran ,hydroxyethylstarch </center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1201089 Modeling and control of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Pegylated IFN</center>
−
| <center>271</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peg Intron</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering-Plough</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active ingredient-peginterferon alfa-2b,Inactive ingredients: dibasic sodium phosphate anhydrous, monobasicsodium phosphate dihydrate, sucrose, polysorbate 80.</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/60/30892/01432858.pdf?arnumber=1432858 Ridethrough of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator during a voltage dip]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Recombinant IFN</center>
−
| <center>246</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-Ribavirin,Inactive Ingredients-microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium,sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate monobasic as buffering agents;human albumin as a stabilizer.</center>
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Interferon Types & Description Of Products===
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Company Name'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Product'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Description'''</center>
 +
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Source'''</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''6'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=970114 Dynamic modelling of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
−
| <center>196</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intron®,Roferon®-A</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intron A is an interferon, a group of naturally occurring proteins that were first discovered as a result of their ability to prevent viral replication. Intron A is marketed in 72 countries worldwide for as many as 16 indications.In the United States it has been cleared for use by the FDA for chronic viral hepatitis B, chronic viral hepatitis C, malignant melanoma, hairy cell leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma and condylomata acuminata (venereal warts).INTRON A recombinant for Injection has been classified as an alpha interfero nand is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 19,271 daltons produced by recombinant DNA techniques. It is obtained from the bacterial fermentation of a strain of Escherichia coli bearing a genetically engineered plasmid containing an interferon alfa- 2b gene from human leukocytes. The fermentation is carried out in a defined nutrient medium containing the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride at a concentration of 5 to 10 mg/L; the presence of this antibiotic is not detectable in the final product. The specific activity of interferon alfa-2b, recombinant is approximately 2.6 x 108 IU/mg protein as measured by the HPLC assay.</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.introna.com/maintenance.html http://www.introna.com/maintenance.html]</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''7'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1597345 Modeling of the wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator for grid integration studies]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Biogen IDEC</center>
−
| <center>174</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Avonex</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Avonex, manufactured by Biogen, is a form of beta interferon (interferon beta, IFN-b) used to modify the course of multiple sclerosis. While not a cure, Avonex has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the average relapse rate in people with the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis form of the disease. It is identical to the naturally occurring protein found in the human body. It is manufactured by extracting the drug from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Avonex is the same substance as Rebif but administered differently (30 mcg, intra-muscularly, once a week as against 22 mcg or 44 mcg, sub-cutaneously, 3 times a week for Rebif). Avonex is usually given in the large muscles of the thigh, upper arm, or hip.</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/Avonex.html http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/Avonex.html]</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''8'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=543631 A doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters supplying an isolated load from a variable speed wind turbine]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intermune</center>
−
| <center>150</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Actimmune®</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Actimmune(R) is a synthesized version of interferon gamma, a naturally occurring protein believed to stimulate the immune system. InterMune markets Actimmune(R) for the treatment of two life-threatening congenital diseases: chronic granulomatous disease and severe, malignant osteopetrosis. The most common side effects are flu-like symptoms, including headache, fatigue, fever, chills, and rash. InterMune was granted two composition-of-matter patents related to interferon gamma-1b in the United States, extending its patent protection until 2022.</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.actimmune.com/ http://www.actimmune.com/]</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''9'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1677655 Control of a doubly fed induction generator in a wind turbine during grid fault ride-through]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering-Plough</center>
−
| <center>112</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peg Intron</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peg-Intron (peginterferon alfa-2b) Powder for Injection has been approved by the FDA.Peg-Intron is a longer-acting formulation of Schering-Plough's Intron A, which is a recombinant version of a naturally occurring alpha interferon. In contrast to Intron A, which is administered three times weekly, Peg-Intron is administered subcutaneously once a week. This reduced frequency of administration may increase patient compliance.</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.pegintron.com/index.html http://www.pegintron.com/index.html]</center>
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background-color:#83caff;"| <center>'''10'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
−
| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=1432853 Doubly fed induction generator model for transient stability analysis]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
−
| <center>106</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>REBETOL is a medicine used with either interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) or peginterferon alfa-2b (PegIntron) to treat chronic (lasting a long time) hepatitis C infection in people 3 years and older with liver disease.REBETOL Capsules consist of a white powder in a white, opaque, gelatin capsule. Each capsule contains 200 mg ribavirin and the inactive ingredients microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The capsule shell consists of gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide. The capsule is printed with edible blue pharmaceutical ink which is made of shellac, anhydrous ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ammonium hydroxide, and FD&C Blue #2 aluminum lake.</center>
 +
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.merck.com/product/home.html http://www.merck.com/product/home.html]</center>
  
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Click on the link to download worksheet
 
  
−
* '''[[Media:Doubly-fed_induction_generator_worksheet.xls| Doubly-fed induction generator Worksheet]]'''
+
===Global Revenue Data Of products===
  
−
==IP Trend Analysis==
+
    <table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
−
Patenting activity has seen high growth rate in the last two years.
+
      <tr>
−
[[Image:ipublication trends.png|center|750px]]
+
        <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>S.No</strong></td>
−
Vestas Wind Systems and General Electric are the major players in this technology field.
+
        <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>Generic Name</strong></td>
−
[[Image:Major Players.png|center|750px]]
+
        <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>Brand Name</strong></td>
 +
        <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>Company</strong></td>
 +
        <td colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>Global revenue ($ Million )</strong></td>
 +
      </tr>
 +
      <tr>
 +
        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>2008</strong></td>
 +
        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>2009</strong></td>
 +
        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>2010</strong></td>
 +
      </tr>
 +
      <tr>
 +
        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>1</strong></td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Alpha IFN</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Intron®,Roferon®-A</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Schering Corporation</td>
 +
        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="bottom">38.4</td>
 +
        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
 +
      </tr>
 +
      <tr>
 +
        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>2</strong></td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Beta IFN</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Avonex</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center"> Biogen IDEC</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">2518.4</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">2322.9</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">2202.6</td>
 +
      </tr>
 +
      <tr>
 +
        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>3</strong></td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Gamma IFN</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Actimmune®</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Intermune</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">29880</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">25428</td>
 +
        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
 +
      </tr>
 +
      <tr>
 +
        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>4</strong></td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Pegylated IFN</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Peg Intron</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center"> Schering-Plough</td>
 +
        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">148.7</td>
 +
        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
 +
      </tr>
 +
      <tr>
 +
        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>5</strong></td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Recombinant IFN</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).</td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Schering Corporation</td>
 +
        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
 +
        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">36.1</td>
 +
        <td style="border-width: thin thick thick thin; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
 +
      </tr>
 +
    </table>
  
−
==Dashboard==
+
==Biosimilars Of Interferons==
−
[[Image:Dashboard12.jpg|center|750px|]]
+
  
−
'''Dashboard Link'''<br>
+
Biosimilar interferons are the major drug class in the recombinant non-glycosylated proteins market due to their extensive use in the treatment of various genetic and environmental disorders. The overall biosimilar market for interferons is categorized into the submarkets for alpha, beta, and gamma interferons, all of which are used extensively in the treatment of various conditions such as lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and multiple sclerosis.
−
'''[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=825 Dashboard for doubly fed induction generator]'''
+
  
−
*Flash Player is essential to view the Dashboard
+
While the interferon market growth may be inhibited by the side effects of each of its three drug categories, the market presents many opportunities to new entrants as only a few players currently operate in this relatively unfragmented market.
  
−
=Products=
+
The global recombinant interferon market stood at $75.3 million in 2008 and is expected to reach $3.9 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 82.9% from 2009 to 2014. The American biosimilar interferons market is expected to attain a market worth $1.5 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 91.5%.[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-669040/4-Biosimilar-products.html Biosimilars ; Global Market]
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
+
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''S No'''</center>
+
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''Company'''</center>
+
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''Product'''</center>
+
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''Specifications'''</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
+
−
| rowspan="3"| <center>[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]</center>
+
−
|  <center>V80</center>
+
−
|  Rated power 2.0 MW; Operating temperature -30°C to 40°; Frequency: 50 Hz/60 Hz;Number of poles 4-pole
+
−
|-
+
−
|  <center>V90</center>
+
−
|  Rated power 1.8/2.0 MW; Operating temperature -30°C to 40°; Frequency: 50 Hz/60 Hz;Number of poles 4-pole (50 Hz)/6-pole (60 Hz)
+
−
|-
+
−
|  <center>V90 Offshore</center>
+
−
|  Rated power 3.0 MW; Operating temperature -30°C to 40°; Frequency: 50 Hz/60 Hz;Number of poles 4-pole
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
+
−
|  <center>[http://www.china-windturbine.com/news/doubly_wind_turbines.htm North Heavy Company]</center>
+
−
|  <center>2 MW DFIG</center>
+
−
|  <nowiki>Rated voltage 690V; rated current 1670A; frequency 50Hz; rotor rated voltage 1840V; rotor rated current 670A;, Poles 4 Pole; rated speed 1660rpm; power speed range of 520-1950rmp; Insulation Class H; protection class IP54; center height H = 500mm; motor temperature rise =<95K</nowiki>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
+
−
|  <center>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:X9KReq0YEigJ:www.iberdrolarenewables.us/bluecreek/docs/primary/03-Appendices/_Q-Brochure-of-G-90-Turbine/Brochure-G-90-Turbine.pdf+gamesa+g90&hl=en Gamesa]</center>
+
−
|  <center>G90</center>
+
−
|  Rated Voltage 690 V ac; Frequency 50 Hz; Protection class IP 54; Number of poles 4; Rotational speed 900:1,900 rpm (rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz); Rated Stator Current 1,500 A @ 690 V; Power factor (standard) 0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power. *; Power factor (optional) 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range.
+
−
|-
+
−
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
+
−
| rowspan="4"| <center>[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]</center>
+
−
|  <center>N80</center>
+
−
|  Rated power 2.5 MW; Rated volatge 690V; frequency 50/60Hz; Cooling systems: liquid/air.
+
−
|-
+
−
|  <center>N90</center>
+
−
|  Rated power 2.5 MW; Rated volatge 690V; frequency 50/60Hz; Cooling systems: liquid/air.
+
−
|-
+
−
|  <center>N100</center>
+
−
|  Rated power 2.4 MW; Rated volatge 690V; frequency 50/60Hz; Cooling systems: liquid/air.
+
−
|-
+
−
|  <center>N117 </center>
+
−
|  Rated power 2.5 MW; Rated volatge 690V; frequency 50/60Hz; Cooling systems: liquid/air.
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
+
−
|  <center>[http://www.converteam.com/majic/pageServer/1704040148/en/index.html Converteam]</center>
+
−
|  <center>DFIG</center>
+
−
|  <center>NA</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''6'''</center>
+
−
|  <center>[http://geoho.en.alibaba.com/product/252321923-0/1_5MW_doubly_fed_asynchronous_generator.html Xian Geoho Energy Technology]</center>
+
−
|  <center>1.5MW DFIG</center>
+
−
|  Rated power1550KW; Rated speed1755 r/min; Speed range975~1970 r/min;Stator rated voltage690V±10%; Stator rated current1115A; Rotor rated voltage320V; Rotor rated current430A;Winding connectionY / Y; Power factor0.95 (Lead) ~ 0.95Lag; Protection classIP54; Insulation classH; Work modeS1; Installation modeIM B3; Cooling modeAir cooling; Center high500mm; Pole number4; Weight6950kg
+
−
|-
+
−
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''7'''</center>
+
−
| rowspan="3"| <center>[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]</center>
+
−
|  <center>TW450XX (0.5-1 KW)</center>
+
−
|  Rated Power 0.5 -1 KW; Rated voltage : 460/ 575/ 690 V; frequency 50/ 60 Hz; No. Of Poles 4/6; Ambient Temp.(°C) -40 to 50; Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed) 68% to 134%; Power Factor (Leading) -0.90 to +0.90 ; Insulation Class H/F; Efficiency >= 96%
+
−
|-
+
−
|  <center>TW500XX (1-2 KW)</center>
+
−
|  Rated Power 1-2 kW; Rated voltage : 460/ 575/ 690 V; frequency 50/ 60 Hz; No. Of Poles 4/6; Ambient Temp.(°C) -40 to 50; Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed) 68% to 134%; Power Factor (Leading) -0.90 to +0.90 ; Insulation Class H/F; Efficiency >= 96%
+
−
|-
+
−
|  <center>TW560XX (2-3 KW)</center>
+
−
|  Rated Power 2-3kW; Rated voltage : 460/ 575/ 690 V; frequency 50/ 60 Hz; No. Of Poles 4/6; Ambient Temp.(°C) -40 to 50; Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed) 68% to 134%; Power Factor (Leading) -0.90 to +0.90 ; Insulation Class H/F; Efficiency >= 96%
+
−
|-
+
−
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''8'''</center>
+
−
| rowspan="2"|<center>[http://www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/West-Branch-Wind-Turbine-Generator-Assembly-Plant.aspx Acciona ]</center>
+
−
| <center>AW1500</center>
+
−
|  Rated Power 1500MW; Voltage 690 V ac; Frequency 50 Hz; Protection class IP 54; Number of poles 4; Rotational speed 900:1,900 rpm (rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz); Rated Stator Current 1,500 A @ 690 V; Power factor (standard) 0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power. *; Power factor (optional) 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range.
+
−
|-
+
−
|  <center>AW3000</center>
+
−
|  Rated Power 3000MW; Voltage 690 V ac; Frequency 50 Hz; Protection class IP 54; Number of poles 4; Rotational speed 900:1,900 rpm (rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz); Rated Stator Current 1,500 A @ 690 V; Power factor (standard) 0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power. *; Power factor (optional) 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range.
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;"| <center>'''9'''</center>
+
−
|  <center>[http://gepower.com/businesses/ge_wind_energy/en/index.htm General electric]</center>
+
−
|  <center>GE 1.5/2.5MW</center>
+
−
|  Rated power 1.5/2.5 MW; Frequency (Hz) 50/60;
+
−
|}
+
  
−
=Market Research=
+
 
−
==Major Players==
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
−
Vestas Wind Systems, General Electric and Gamesa Innovation & Technology are the top players in terms of installed power capacity in the year 2007.
+
−
{| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"  
+
 
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
 
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
−
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Company'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Product'''</center>
−
| colspan="2"  style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Installed Capacity'''</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Global market For Biosimilars'''</center>
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Vestas (Denmark)</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon Alfa</center>
−
| colspan="2"  style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4,500 MW</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The global market for biosimilar interferon Alfa was $36.7 million in 2008 and is expected to reach $1.5 billion in 2014 at a CAGR of 76.5% from 2009 to 2014. While Asian market for biosimilar Alfa interferons commanded the highest share in 2008 with $17.5 million, the American market is expected to have the highest CAGR of 88.3% from 2009 to 2014.The world's top two branded Interferon products generated sales of $1,510 million and $910 million each in 2008. The blockbuster sales of innovative Interferon Alfa products thus present encouragement for biosimilar Interferon Alfa manufacturers[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-669040/4-Biosimilar-products.html data].</center>
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>GE Energy (United States)</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon beta</center>
−
| colspan="2"  style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3,300 MW</center>
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The global biosimilar interferon beta-1a market is estimated to grow from $36.3 million in 2008 to $2.2 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 87.8% from 2009 to 2014. However, the U.S. and Europe sales of branded interferon-betas are expected to fall from $4.6 billion in 2010 to $2.4 billion in 2017. The soaring cost of clinical development, the conservative prescribing habits of neurologists, and the expected decline in the use of interferon-betas may induce biosimilar developers to explore other classes of biologics to invest their R&D funds[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-669040/4-Biosimilar-products.html data].</center>
−
|-
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Gamesa (Spain)</center>
+
−
| colspan="2"  style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3,050 MW</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Enercon (Germany)</center>
+
−
| colspan="2"  style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2,700 MW</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Suzlon (India)</center>
+
−
| colspan="2"  style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2,000 MW</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Siemens (Denmark / Germany)</center>
+
−
| colspan="2"  style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1,400 MW</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Acciona (Spain)</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>870 MW</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Goldwind (China - PRC)</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>830 MW</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Nordex (Germany)</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>670 MW</center>
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Sinovel (China - PRC)</center>
+
−
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>670 MW</center>
+
−
|}
+
  
−
Source:[http://www.mywindpowersystem.com/2009/04/the-10-major-wind-power-companies-in-the-world/ Wind power companies]
 
−
 
−
==Market Overview==
 
−
 
−
 
−
* The world's wind industry defied the economic downturn in 2008 and by he end of the year 2009, the sector saw its annual market grow by 41.5% over 2008, and total global wind power capacity increased by 31.7% to 158GW in 2009
 
−
* US, China and Germany together hold more than 50% of the global wind power capacity
 
−
* Asia and North America have seen tremendous growth in the installed wind power capacity over the last 6 years
 
−
* Asia was the world's largest regional market for wind energy with capacity additions amounting to 15.4GW. China was the world's largest market in 2009, more than doubling its capacity from 12.1GW in 2008 to 25.8GW, adding a staggering 13.8GW of capacity
 
−
* China and the US account for more than 60% of the new installed capacity of 38.3GW in 2009. India's total installed capacity increased to 10.9GW with 1.3GW of new installed capacity in 2009
 
−
* The 2009 market for turbine installations was worth about 45 bn € or 63 bn US$ and about half a million people are now employed by the wind industry around  the world
 
−
[[Image:Installed capacity 2009.png|600px|center|thumb|Top 10 Cumulative Installed Capacity 2009]]
 
−
[[Image:New capacity.png|600px|center|thumb|Top 10 New Installed Capacity 2009]]
 
−
[[Image:Region Capacities.png|600px|center|thumb|Annual Installed Capacity by Region 2003-2009]]
 
−
 
−
==Market Forecast==
 
−
* Global wind power capacity could reach 2,300 GW by 2030, providing up to 22% of the world's electricity needs, from the existing 2.2% in 2010.
 
−
* Global wind capacity will stand at 409GW up from 158GW at the end of 2008. During 2014, 62.5 GW of new capacity will be added to the global total, compared to 38.3 GW in 2009
 
−
* The annual growth rates during this period will average 20.9% in terms of total installed capacity, and 10.3% for annual market growth
 
−
* Three regions will continue to drive the expansion of wind energy capacity: Asia, North America and Europe
 
−
* Asia will remain the fastest growing market in the world, driven primarily by China, which is set to continue the rapid upscaling of its wind capacity and hold its position as the world’s largest annual market. Annual additions are expected to be well over 20 GW in China by 2014
 
−
* Sustained growth is also expected in India, which will increase its capacity steadily by 2 GW every year, and be
 
−
complemented by growth in other Asian markets, including Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and the Philippines, and potentially some others
 
−
* By 2014, the annual market will reach 14.5 GW, and a total of 60 GW will be installed in Europe over this five year period
 
−
[[Image:Market forecast.png|800px|center|thumb|ANNUAL MARKET FORECAST BY REGION 2009-2013]]
 
−
<br>
 
−
Source:[http://www.gwec.net/index.php?id=167 GWEC's Global Wind Report 2009]
 
−
 
−
=<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>=
 
−
<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br>
 
−
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p>
 
−
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
 
−
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center"  colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
+
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon gamma</center>
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
+
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The global biosimilar interferon gamma market was $2.2 million 2008 and is expected to reach $141.5 million in 2014 at a CAGR of 94.2% from 2009 to 2014. While the Asian market accounted for the highest share of $0.5 million in 2008, the American market is expected to have the highest CAGR of 107.6% from 2009 to 2014[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-669040/4-Biosimilar-products.html data].</center>
−
|-
+
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
+
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
+
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
+
−
|-
+
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
+
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
+
−
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
+
−
|-
+
−
|}
+
−
<br>
+
−
=Contact Dolcera=
+
  
−
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
 
−
|-
 
−
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
 
−
|-
 
−
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
 
−
|-
 
−
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952
 
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 23:13, 16 June 2011

Dashboard

NOTE: You need to install Internet Explorer 8.0 and Adobe Flash Player to view the Dashboard.

Please download Internet Explorer 8.0 and Adobe Flash player

Objective

Primary objective of the study was to perform a prior art search on usage of interferon for the treatment of melanoma.

To achieve our objective we performed following steps:

  • Created a multi level taxonomy to categorize the patents using interferon for melanoma treatment
  • Marked out relevant IPC, ECLA, US classes and Japanese F-term available for technology in question.
  • Identified and clubbed relevant keywords with classes to extract relevant patents.
  • Checked for patents in US, EP, PCT, JP, Great Britain, and German patent records
  • Performed MPI-INPADOC search which cover bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42 countries
  • Analyzed the patents and prepared an IPmap covering relevant patents for client usage.

Overview

Interferon

Interferon Source

Interferons (IFNs) are natural cell-signaling proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges such as viruses, parasites and tumor cells. They belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines and are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA, a key indicator of viral infection. Source

Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells and macrophages, increasing antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, and increasing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. There are 3 known classes of interferons; type I, type II and type III. All classes are very important in fighting viral infections. Recent studies have shown that Interferon can also help stop the growth and spread of cancer cells. Source

Melanoma

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It begins in skin cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells that make melanin, which gives skin its color. Melanin also protects the deeper layers of the skin from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.When people spend time in the sunlight, the melanocytes make more melanin and cause the skin to tan. This also happens when skin is exposed to other forms of ultraviolet light (such as in a tanning booth). If the skin receives too much ultraviolet light, the melanocytes may begin to grow abnormally and become cancerous. This condition is called melanoma.People with melanoma who have one or more positive lymph nodes are at a high risk to have their melanoma recur. It is believed that 70 to 80% of these individuals will have their melanoma come back within the next three to five years. Source

Interferon for treatment of melanoma

Over the past several decades, the incidence of melanoma has increased at a faster rate than that of any other solid tumor. In the 1930s, the lifetime risk for a person living in the U.S. to develop melanoma was 1 in 1,500. Currently, that risk is 1 in 74, and for 2003 it was estimated that 51,400 cases of invasive melanoma would be diagnosed. While efforts to improve early diagnosis through education have resulted in the increased detection of early-stage melanoma, many patients still present with high-risk primary melanomas.

A beacon of hope in the treatment of melanoma has long been the observation that melanoma is susceptible to attack by the host’s immune system. This has resulted in the testing of a remarkably broad spectrum of immunotherapies, including the use of nonspecific immunostimulants, various approaches to vaccine therapies, and cytokine therapy. Many of these approaches failed to demonstrate a significant clinical impact, and the practitioner had been left with few options in treating high-risk melanoma patients with adjuvant therapy. One exception to this, however, has been the use of adjuvant interferon alpha (IFN-{alpha})

While the precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood, there are multiple antitumor effects of IFN-{alpha}. These include a direct antiproliferative effect, the enhancement of natural killer cell activity, and the upregulation of tumor antigens and/or HLA class I and class II antigens. Initial phase II clinical studies with IFN-{alpha} in metastatic melanoma showed response rates in the 10%–20% range [4, 5]. These response rates, while encouraging, were not significant enough to lead to its widespread use in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Source


Interactive Taxonomy

Concept Table

S.No
Concept-1
Concept-2
1
Melanoma
Interferon
2
Cancer
IFN
3
Skin Cancer
huIFN
4
Carcinoma
5
Tumor
6
Melanocyte

French Keywords Concept table

S.No
Concept-1
Concept-2
1
mélanome
Interféron*
2
Peau Cancer
huIFN
3
Carcinome
IFN
4
Tumeur
5
Mélanocyte

German Keywords Concept Table

S.No
Concept-1
Concept-2
1
Melanoma
Interferon
2
Haut Krebs
huIFN
3
Karzinoma
IFN
4
Krebsgeschwür
5
Tumor
6
Geschwulst
7
Melanozyten


Class codes identified for searches

  • Relevant IPC classes
IPC
Sr. No. Class Code Class definition Class coverage
1 A61K003819 Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons Broad
2 A61K003821 Medicinal preparations containing peptides Interferon Specific
3 C07K001452 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons Broad
4 C07K014555 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon Specific
5 C07K001456 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha Specific
6 C07K014565 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta Specific
7 C07K001457 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma Specific
8 A61P003500 Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations -antineoplastic agents Broad
  • Relevant ECLA classes
ECLA
Sr. No. Class Code Class definition Class coverage
1 A61K003819 Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons Broad
2 A61K003821 Medicinal preparations containing Interferon Specific
3 A61K38/21A Medicinal preparations containing IFN-alpha Specific
4 A61K38/21B Medicinal preparations containing IFN-beta Specific
5 A61K38/21C Medicinal preparations containing IFN-gamma Specific
6 C07K001452 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons Broad
7 C07K014555 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon Specific
8 C07K001456 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha Specific
9 C07K014565 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta Specific
10 C07K001457 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma Specific
11 C07K014715G Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants - for interferons - Specific
  • Relevant US classes
US class
Sr. No. Class Code Class definition
1 4240854 DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - this subclass provides for patents which broadly claim interferon or a method of treatment of interferon where the classification of the interferon as alpha, beta or gamma interferon is impossible
2 4242811 DRUG, BIO-AFFCTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Virus (e.g., interferon-inducing virus, etc.)
3 42400141 DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Attached to lymphokine, cytokine, or other secreted growth regulatory factor, differentiation factor, or intercellular mediator specific for a hematopoietic cell (e.g., interferon, interleukin, macrophage factor, colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin); derivative thereof
4 514889 DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - INTERFERON INDUCER
5 530351 CHEMISTRY: NATURAL RESINS OR DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES OR PROTEINS; LIGNINS OR REACTION PRODUCTS THEREOF - Lymphokines, e.g., interferons, interlukins, etc.
6 930142 PEPTIDE OR PROTEIN SEQUENCE - Interferon
7 4240851 LYMPHOKINE - Included in this and the indented subclasses interferon, interleukin and macrophage factors (monokines)
8 4240855 Gamma or immune: This subclass is indented under subclass 85.4. Subject matter in which the interferon is gamma or immune interferon.
9 4240856 Subject matter in which the interferon is beta or fibroblast interferon.
10 4240857 Subject matter in which the interferon is alpha or leukocyte interferon.

Intellectual property

Search strategy and concept

Date of Search: 1836 to Feb 3rd, 2011 Database used: Micropatent - Include extensive full text and MPI-Inpadoc searches

Search in Micropatent full text - English language search

Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.

S. No. Search concept Search Scope Search reason Class Code (IPC,US,ECLA) Search query No. of hits
1 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title, Abstract and Claims Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords A61K003821* OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G OR 4240854 OR 4242811 OR 42400141 OR 514889 OR 530351 OR 930142 (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 576
2 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title, Abstract and Claims Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR 4240851 OR 4240855 OR 4240856 OR 4240857 OR A61P003500 (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 756
3 Final query 1 OR 2 1019 records
571 unique records

Search in Micropatent full text - Foreign language search

Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.

Sr. No. Search concept Language Search Scope Search reason Class Code (IPC, ECLA) Search query No. of hits
1 Interferon for treating Melanoma French Title, Abstract and Claims Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma’s foregin langugae keywords A61K003821* OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur))) 184 hits
German (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
2 Interferon for treating Melanoma French Title, Abstract and Claims Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma’s and interferon’s foregin langugae keywords A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR A61P003500 (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur))) 3375 hits
German (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
3 Final query 1 OR 2 3422 hits
(2023 unique records, 30-35 % relevant)


Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - English language search

Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.

Sr. No. Search concept Search Scope Search reason Class search Search query No. of hits
1 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title and Abstract Specific IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 174
2 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title and Abstract Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500 (IFN* OR *IFN OR interferon* OR *interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 484
3 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title and Abstract Specific ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords A61K03821* OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 OR C07K014715G (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 102
4 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title and Abstract Broad ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500 (IFN* OR *IFN OR interferon* OR *interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 9
5 Final query 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 587 hits
232 unique records

Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - Foreign language search

Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.

Sr. No. Search concept Language Search Scope Search reason Class Code (IPC, ECLA) Search query No. of hits
1 Interferon for treating Melanoma French Title and Abstract Specific IPC/ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur))) 4 hits
German (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
2 Interferon for treating Melanoma French Title and Abstract Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500 (IFN* OR *IFN OR Interféron* OR *Interféron OR huIFN) AND (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur))) 25 hits
German (IFN* OR *IFN OR interferon* OR *interferon OR huIFN AND (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
3 Final query 1 OR 2 29 hits

Search in Japanese database

Database: IPDL (Industrial property digital library), Japan

Date of search: 1900/01/01 to 2011/02/15

S.No.
Issue/Publication date
F-Term Theme
FI/F-term/Facet
Hits
1
1900/01/01 to 2011/02/15
4H045
DA15+DA16+DA17+DA18
1298



Total patents: 1298 (Relevancy ~10%)


  • F-Terms and theme used in search
Japanese F-term search Definition
Sr. No. F- Term theme 4H045 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
1 F-term DA15 Peptide or protein characterised by function - Interferons
2 F-term DA16 Alpha-interferons
3 F-term DA17 Beta-interferons
4 F-term DA18 Gamma-interferons

Scientific Literature Search

S.No
Database
Query
Limits by Date
No.Of Hits
1
Pubmed
(Melanoma Or carcinoma or cancer* or tumor) And (IFN* OR Interferon)
20000101-20110221
28402
2
Scirus
(Melanoma Or carcinoma or cancer* or tumor) And (IFN* OR Interferon)
2000-2011
24835
3
Google Scholar
(Melanoma Or carcinoma or cancer* or tumor) And (IFN* OR Interferon)
2000-2011
21100

Sample patents

S.No
Patent/Publication No
Date Of Publication
Assignee
Title
Abstract
Problem
Solution
1
US7482014B2
01/27/2009
Schering Corporation
Melanoma therapy
Methods for treating treatment-naive as well as treatment-experienced patients having melanoma to increase the progression-free survival time involving administering a therapeutically effective amount of pegylated interferon-alpha, e.g., preferably pegylated interferon alpha-2b, as adjuvant therapy to definitive surgery are disclosed.
The problem is with the treatment methods that are employed with previously employed dose regimens for treating Melanoma after definitive surgical removal of the lesions.This led to the occurance of hematologic, neurologic and constitutional toxicities.Subject compliance with the dosage and dosage regimen during both phases is considered to be important to achieve maximum clinical benefit.
The higher patience compliance is achieved with the improved methods of treatment of melanoma.A therapeutically effective dose of pegylated interferon alpha for a time period sufficient to increase the progression-free survival time was administered to the patient.The treatment regimen includes a first dose of 6.0 micrograms/kg of PEG.sub.12000 interferon alpha-2b once a week for eight weeks, and then administering to the patient a second dose of 3.0 or less micrograms/kg of PEG.sub.12000 interferon alpha-2b once a week for the remainder of a five year treatment period.
2
US5997858A
12/7/1999
Pharma Pacific Pty Ltd.
Stimulation of host defense mechanisms against tumors
A method for treating neoplastic disease in a mammal via administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an interferon via oromucosal contact. The amount of interferon administered is less than an amount which induces a pathological response when administered parenterally.
The problem is with the method employed for the treatment of neoplastic diseases.The administration of low doses of interferon as a nasal spray or as an oral liquid formulation in the treatment of the neoplastic diseases is not effective in the previous patents.There is no experimental evidence regarding the administration mode of the interferon,though it was anticipated that administrations through other modes is possible to deliver effectively and treating the same conditions.
The solution to the problem is solved by first controlled study in an animal model of the efficacy of oromucosally administered interferon for the treatment of neoplastic diseases.The administration is done oromucosally in asingle dose by almost all forms of Interferons .the amount administered is from about 1500 IU to about 20.times.10.sup.6 IU for a 70 kg man per day.This amount is less than the amount that induces a pathological response in the mammal when administered parenterally.
3
EP288055A1
10/26/1988
MERRELL DOW PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
Use of ODC inhibitors, dacarbazine, and interferon, in the treatment of malignant melanoma
This invention relates to the improvement of the polyamine depletion effects of ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors, the improvement being effected by the use of Interferon and Dacarbazine in conjunctive therapy with said inhibitors.
The problem in this patent is associated with the methods and drugs that are used for treating the pathological disease conditions such as cancer.Polyamines mechanism is not known and there are some evidences that ODC inhibitors may exert their therapeutic effect by blocking the formation of the polyamines and thereby slowing, interrupting, or arresting the proliferation and metastases of the tumor tissue. So certain methods are explored to find out the same kind of effect on treating cancers.
The solution was found to be the improved methods in treating the cancer with the use of Interferon and Dacarbazine when these disease states are treated with irreversible inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase.This includes a pharmaceutical product containing an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, Interferon and Dacarbazine as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treating rapidly-proliferating cell-growth disease states. Even the methods for the formulation are disussed in this patent.
4
EP241242A1
10/14/1987
CETUS ONCOLOGY CORPORATION
The use of interferon-beta and interleukin-2 for combination therapy and compositions therefor
Anti-tumor activity in humans can be augmented by administering to the human patient and effective amount of IFN-β and IL-2 in combination. The composition of IFN-β and IL-2 may be prepared invitro or administered separately to the patient. The composition is useful for prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of such cancers as melanoma, colon cancer lung cancer and breast cancer.
The problem in this patent is about the use of interferons seperately in treating the cancers.When administered seperately they were found to induce a response that was good.So an approach was thought of where the combination therapy was given to produce better results.
The concern of the prior art was addressed with the successful administration of a combination therapy with Interferon beta and interleukin-2 as an anti-tumor therapeutic or prophylactic agent. It was made suitable for administration to human patients for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of cancer comprising formulating together, whether by mixing or providing separate doses.The administration is done parenterally.
5
US20100086518
4/8/2010
NOVARTIS AG
Treatment of melanoma
Methods of treating melanoma include administering a compound of Structure I, a tautomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or the tautomer, or a mixture thereof to a subject. The compound, tautomer, salt of the compound, salt of the tautomer, or mixture thereof may be used to prepare medicaments for treating metastatic cancer. The variable A has the values defined herein.
The problem is that though there are many methods of treating cancer , still there is a need for the advancements in the technologies to be adopted to arrive at better results.The compounds such as quinoline derivatives were used and were disclosed in the prior art for the treatment of Melanoma.The compounds that were used previously were found to be associated with the side effects.
The solution was found to be finding of compounds that can effectively administered for treating Melanoma.It relates to the use of compounds such as 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quino- lin-2(1H)-one and tautomers, salts, and mixtures thereof in treating melanoma and preparing medicaments for treating melanoma. The therapeutically effective amount of the compound can range from about 0.25 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg body weight of the subject.
6
US4846782
7/11/1989
Schering Corporation
Treatment of cancer with interferon and radiotherapy
Radiation sensitive human cancers are treated with combined interferon and radiation therapy.
Radiation therapy emerged some years back for the treatment of cancers.It was observed that the results are good.But there was a need felt to effectively increase the efficacy of radiation treatment.So to develop radiation sensitizers or potentiators which enable the radiation to cause increased tumor destruction. Despite numerous laboratory and clinical studies, no single agent has, to date, emerged as the optimal radiation sensitizer.
The problem could be addressed by an effective treatment means using administering subcutaneously to such patients between 2.0.times.10.sup.6 IU/m.sup.2 and 5.0.times.10.sup.6 IU/m.sup.2 of recombinant DNA-alpha-2-interferon .This is done three days a week at a time on those days prior to radiation therapy.The doses are from 15 to 35 Gy are administered five days a week including those days on which interferon is administered.
7
US5824300
10/20/1998
The Texas A&M University System
Treatment of neoplastic disease with oral interferon
Neoplastic diseases are treated by the administration of human interferon, particularly IFN-α, at a dosage of from about 0.01 to about 5 IU/lb./day such that the interferon is held in contact with the patient's oral and pharyngeal mucosae. The interferon is administered in a solid dosage from, e.g., a saliva-dissolvable lozenge.
Though the research is intensive in the field of interferons,there exists a substantial lack of uniformity in such matters as classification of interferon types. There are also numerous, sometimes contradictory, theories concerning the mode of action of interferon in producing clinical effects.It became apparent that exogenous interferon was sometimes capable of effecting regression or remission of various metastatic diseases. so different studies are conducted to know the clinical agent of choice for the prevention of cancers.
The present invention is based on applicant's discovery that interferon can be used as a consistently effective therapeutic agent for treatment of diseases having an immunopathologic basis--characterized by inadequate immune response and persistence of the disease.The interferon is administered in an amount of about 0.01 to about 5 IU/lb of patient body weight per day. Multiple dose daily regimen is given to the patients.They aid in the better treatment of cancers.
8
US20020107184
8/8/2002
None
METHOD FOR TREATING MELANOMA
The present invention discloses a method for treating patients having melanoma or melanoma associated symptoms by parenterally administering Product R, a peptide-nucleic acid preparation.
Melanomas are usually treated by surgical excision, while patients with thick melanomas and those with regional or distant metastasis may benefit from other forms of therapy.Cytokines have been tested in the treatment of different skin cancers during the last decade, and treatment schedules have been established or proposed for several malignant skin tumors. Preferentially, the interferons and interleukin-2 were found to be effective in treating skin cancers including melanoma.But they were needed to be checked in combination with other products as they were anticipated to yield better results.
The new method of treatment using the product R in combination with interferons not only sounded effectively but also proved to be an effective means .The administration is done in an sterile injectible form.
9
US4762705
8/9/1988
Schwimmer, Adolf W. | Schwartz, Irwin Steven | Rubin, David
Cancer therapy with interferon
The effectiveness of interferon for treatment against cancer may be increased by first administering an agent for inhibiting tyrosinase. In this manner the tyrosinase which is known to be produced by malignancies, and which may cause inactivation of the interferon, will be substantially inactivated prior to the interferon administration.
Some of the the prior art patents doesn't trust on the use of interferons for treating all types of malignancies.The reason being the interferons are easily denatured in the enzymatic processes.So attempts were made out initially to find out the reasons for the denaturation even at high doses.Efforts were made to improve methods of cancer therapy using interferon.
The solution has come out in the form of improved treatment method for treating cancer by the efforts of the present inventor.As the reason for the denaturation was found to be tyrosinase,attempts were made seriously to supress this tyrosinase.A composition was made finally with D-penicillamine that can suppress tyrosinase.
10
US5190751
3/2/1993
Schering Corporation
Treatment of certain leukemias with a combination of gamma interferon and alpha interferon
Human leukemia T-cells and B-cells are inhibited from proliferating by treatment with a combination of recombinant human alpha and gamma interferons, either simultaneously or sequentially, and the alpha interferon is preferably recombinant human alfa-2b interferon.
The patent in the prior art posed a lot of problems with the use of gamma interferons alone in terms of the purity as the preparations previously were found to be contaminated.When used singly for the treatment of lekimias they were found to yield ineffective results.
The solution was found to administer alpha and gamma interferons for the treatment of leukemias.It could inhibit the proliferation of susceptible leukemia cells with a cell proliferation inhibiting amount of a combination of both of the interferons.They are adminstered sequentially and simultaneously too to give good results.

Taxonomy

Taxonomy

Sample Analysis

  • Patents: The above sample patents were analysed according to the taxonomy.

Click here to download Sample analysis sheet on Interferon for treatment of Melanomas

Patent Ranking

10 Sample Patents were ranked according to the patent focus.

  • Patent Ranking Details

1 : Granted Patent & Focus in Independent Claim
2 : Granted Patent & Focus in Dependent Claim
3 : Published Patent & Focus in independent Claim
4 : Published Patent & Focus in Dependent claim

S.No
Patent
Type
Patent Ranking
1
US7482014B2
Granted And Independent Claim
1
2
US5997858A
Granted And Independent Claim
1
3
EP288055A1
Granted And Independent Claim
1
4
EP241242A1
Granted And Dependent Claim
2
5
US20100086518
Published And Dependent
4
6
US4846782
Granted And Dependent Claim
2
7
US5824300
Granted And Dependent Claim
2
8
US20020107184
Published And Independent
3
9
US4762705
Granted And Independent Claim
1
10
US5190751
Granted And Independent Claim
1

Clinical Trials

IP Activity Graphs Of Sample Patents

IP activity based on priority years

  • Total of 10 Sample patents(basic patent number) were taken into consideration for the IP activity based on priority years.
IP activity based on priority years

IP activity based on publication years

  • Total of 10 Sample patents(basic patent number) were taken into consideration for the IP activity based on publication years.
IP activity based on publication years


Geographical Distribution based on family members

  • The geographical distribution is based on 10 sample patent numbers along with all their family members.
Geographical Distribution based on Family members Melanoma

Market Report

Interferon types & Their Compositions

S.No
Generic Name
Brand Name
Company Name
Composition
1
Alpha IFN
Intron®,Roferon®-A
Schering Corporation
Active Ingredient-Interferon alfa-2aInactive Ingredients- sodium chloride, ammonium acetate, polysorbate 80, glycine, sodium phosphate dibasic,sodium phosphate monobasic, human albumin, preservative: benzyl alcohol.
2
Beta IFN
Avonex
Biogen IDEC
Active Ingredient-Beta interferon,Inactive Ingredients-65 to 90 wt % of polyol,and a p-hydroxybenzoate,carboxymethyl cellulose,human serum albumin
3
Gamma IFN
Actimmune®
Intermune
Active Ingredient-interferon gamma-1b.,Inactive Ingredients-Polyethylene Glycol,dextran ,hydroxyethylstarch
4
Pegylated IFN
Peg Intron
Schering-Plough
Active ingredient-peginterferon alfa-2b,Inactive ingredients: dibasic sodium phosphate anhydrous, monobasicsodium phosphate dihydrate, sucrose, polysorbate 80.
5
Recombinant IFN
(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).
Schering Corporation
Active Ingredient-Ribavirin,Inactive Ingredients-microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium,sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate monobasic as buffering agents;human albumin as a stabilizer.

Interferon Types & Description Of Products

S.No
Company Name
Product
Description
Source
1
Schering Corporation
Intron®,Roferon®-A
Intron A is an interferon, a group of naturally occurring proteins that were first discovered as a result of their ability to prevent viral replication. Intron A is marketed in 72 countries worldwide for as many as 16 indications.In the United States it has been cleared for use by the FDA for chronic viral hepatitis B, chronic viral hepatitis C, malignant melanoma, hairy cell leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma and condylomata acuminata (venereal warts).INTRON A recombinant for Injection has been classified as an alpha interfero nand is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 19,271 daltons produced by recombinant DNA techniques. It is obtained from the bacterial fermentation of a strain of Escherichia coli bearing a genetically engineered plasmid containing an interferon alfa- 2b gene from human leukocytes. The fermentation is carried out in a defined nutrient medium containing the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride at a concentration of 5 to 10 mg/L; the presence of this antibiotic is not detectable in the final product. The specific activity of interferon alfa-2b, recombinant is approximately 2.6 x 108 IU/mg protein as measured by the HPLC assay.
http://www.introna.com/maintenance.html
2
Biogen IDEC
Avonex
Avonex, manufactured by Biogen, is a form of beta interferon (interferon beta, IFN-b) used to modify the course of multiple sclerosis. While not a cure, Avonex has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the average relapse rate in people with the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis form of the disease. It is identical to the naturally occurring protein found in the human body. It is manufactured by extracting the drug from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Avonex is the same substance as Rebif but administered differently (30 mcg, intra-muscularly, once a week as against 22 mcg or 44 mcg, sub-cutaneously, 3 times a week for Rebif). Avonex is usually given in the large muscles of the thigh, upper arm, or hip.
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/Avonex.html
3
Intermune
Actimmune®
Actimmune(R) is a synthesized version of interferon gamma, a naturally occurring protein believed to stimulate the immune system. InterMune markets Actimmune(R) for the treatment of two life-threatening congenital diseases: chronic granulomatous disease and severe, malignant osteopetrosis. The most common side effects are flu-like symptoms, including headache, fatigue, fever, chills, and rash. InterMune was granted two composition-of-matter patents related to interferon gamma-1b in the United States, extending its patent protection until 2022.
http://www.actimmune.com/
4
Schering-Plough
Peg Intron
Peg-Intron (peginterferon alfa-2b) Powder for Injection has been approved by the FDA.Peg-Intron is a longer-acting formulation of Schering-Plough's Intron A, which is a recombinant version of a naturally occurring alpha interferon. In contrast to Intron A, which is administered three times weekly, Peg-Intron is administered subcutaneously once a week. This reduced frequency of administration may increase patient compliance.
http://www.pegintron.com/index.html
5
Schering Corporation
(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).
REBETOL is a medicine used with either interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) or peginterferon alfa-2b (PegIntron) to treat chronic (lasting a long time) hepatitis C infection in people 3 years and older with liver disease.REBETOL Capsules consist of a white powder in a white, opaque, gelatin capsule. Each capsule contains 200 mg ribavirin and the inactive ingredients microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The capsule shell consists of gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide. The capsule is printed with edible blue pharmaceutical ink which is made of shellac, anhydrous ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ammonium hydroxide, and FD&C Blue #2 aluminum lake.
http://www.merck.com/product/home.html


Global Revenue Data Of products

S.No Generic Name Brand Name Company Global revenue ($ Million )
2008 2009 2010
1 Alpha IFN Intron®,Roferon®-A Schering Corporation 38.4
2 Beta IFN Avonex Biogen IDEC 2518.4 2322.9 2202.6
3 Gamma IFN Actimmune® Intermune 29880 25428
4 Pegylated IFN Peg Intron Schering-Plough 148.7
5 Recombinant IFN (Rebetron®, Rebetol®). Schering Corporation 36.1

Biosimilars Of Interferons

Biosimilar interferons are the major drug class in the recombinant non-glycosylated proteins market due to their extensive use in the treatment of various genetic and environmental disorders. The overall biosimilar market for interferons is categorized into the submarkets for alpha, beta, and gamma interferons, all of which are used extensively in the treatment of various conditions such as lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and multiple sclerosis.

While the interferon market growth may be inhibited by the side effects of each of its three drug categories, the market presents many opportunities to new entrants as only a few players currently operate in this relatively unfragmented market.

The global recombinant interferon market stood at $75.3 million in 2008 and is expected to reach $3.9 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 82.9% from 2009 to 2014. The American biosimilar interferons market is expected to attain a market worth $1.5 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 91.5%.Biosimilars ; Global Market


S.No
Product
Global market For Biosimilars
1
Interferon Alfa
The global market for biosimilar interferon Alfa was $36.7 million in 2008 and is expected to reach $1.5 billion in 2014 at a CAGR of 76.5% from 2009 to 2014. While Asian market for biosimilar Alfa interferons commanded the highest share in 2008 with $17.5 million, the American market is expected to have the highest CAGR of 88.3% from 2009 to 2014.The world's top two branded Interferon products generated sales of $1,510 million and $910 million each in 2008. The blockbuster sales of innovative Interferon Alfa products thus present encouragement for biosimilar Interferon Alfa manufacturersdata.
2
Interferon beta
The global biosimilar interferon beta-1a market is estimated to grow from $36.3 million in 2008 to $2.2 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 87.8% from 2009 to 2014. However, the U.S. and Europe sales of branded interferon-betas are expected to fall from $4.6 billion in 2010 to $2.4 billion in 2017. The soaring cost of clinical development, the conservative prescribing habits of neurologists, and the expected decline in the use of interferon-betas may induce biosimilar developers to explore other classes of biologics to invest their R&D fundsdata.
3
Interferon gamma
The global biosimilar interferon gamma market was $2.2 million 2008 and is expected to reach $141.5 million in 2014 at a CAGR of 94.2% from 2009 to 2014. While the Asian market accounted for the highest share of $0.5 million in 2008, the American market is expected to have the highest CAGR of 107.6% from 2009 to 2014data.
Retrieved from "https://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Wind_Energy&oldid=8907"