Difference between pages "Digestive Remedies Market in India and China" and "Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma"

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=Market Overview=
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==Objective==
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==India==
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* Digestive remedies in India saw current value growth of 7% in 2008, to reach Rs 8.5 billion
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* Factors such as irregular eating habits, unhygienic food and stressful lifestyles have driven growth
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* Digestive enzymes displayed the fastest growth, of 13% in current value terms, to reach Rs 1.7 billion
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* GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Ltd launched Eno Digesure in the first quarter of 2008
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* Dabur India Ltd leads sales of digestive remedies, with a 26% value share, thanks largely to its Hajmola brand
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* Sales of digestive remedies are predicted to grow by 17% in constant value terms over the forecast period[http://www.euromonitor.com/]
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==China==
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'''Primary objective of the study was to perform a prior art search on usage of interferon for the treatment of melanoma.'''
  
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* Current value sales grow by 8% from 2007 to reach RMB3.8 billion in 2008
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To achieve our objective we performed following steps:
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* Stressful and hectic lifestyles result in higher incidence of digestive problems
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* Proton pump inhibitors see most dynamic current value growth of 14% in 2008
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* Jilin Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Co Ltd leads sales with 17% share of value sales in 2008
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* Constant value CACR of 7% expected during forecast period[http://www.euromonitor.com/]
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=Trends in Digestive remedies industry=
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*Created a multi level taxonomy to categorize the patents using interferon for melanoma treatment
  
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==India==
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*Marked out relevant IPC, ECLA, US classes and Japanese F-term available for technology in question.
  
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* Growth in digestive remedies in 2008 was led by urban consumers. Due to a growing economy and more hectic lifestyles, urban consumers increasingly skipped meals and ate out in sometimes unhygienic fast food outlets.
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*Identified and clubbed relevant keywords with classes to extract relevant patents.
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* Increasing stress led to constipation, diarrhoea and acidity, especially among young working adults. As a result, demand for digestive remedies was buoyant. In addition to this, lack of intake of nutrients in the form of fruits or dietary supplements further pushed growth.
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* Heightened marketing activities by Dabur India Ltd for Hajmola drove digestive enzymes growth. Changes in positioning ensured that consumers perceived Hajmola as a must-have after every meal.
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* For child-specific indigestion and heartburn remedies consumers started moving towards anti-spasmodic remedies.
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* The value share of herbal/traditional products rose marginally in 2008, having declined in previous years. Dabur India Ltd continued to be the leading player in this area, with brands such as Hajmola and Pudin Hara.
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* Due to the belief that standard/allopathic products have greater efficacy than their herbal/traditional counterparts, consumers generally prefer taking standard/allopathic products when it comes to treating severe bouts of acidity and other digestive ailments to get instant relief. However, consumers who take digestive remedies on a regular basis often prefer herbal/traditional products, due to their being less susceptible to side effects.
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* Within indigestion remedies, the fastest growing type is digestive enzymes. Due to their positioning as a easy to take and without a medicinal taste, consumers are more comfortable using digestive enzymes on an everyday basis, unlike antacids which are positioned primarily as medicines. Hajmola’s tangy taste has endeared this brand to consumers from all age groups.
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* Digestive ailments have risen, as consumers are rarely having a balanced diet, with regular intake of cereals, fruits or other dietary supplements. This trend has positively affected sales of antacids, digestive enzymes, laxatives and diarrhoeal remedies.
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* UTC sales remained high in digestive remedies in 2008. Laxatives, diarrhoeal remedies, H2 blockers, motion sickness remedies and child specific products are where most UTC sales are seen. Brands such as Dulcolax, Cremaffin, Depandal and Stemetil enjoy long-standing brand loyalty, due to which they have virtually become household names and are freely sold without prescriptions.[http://www.euromonitor.com/]
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==China==
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*Checked for patents in US, EP, PCT, JP, Great Britain, and German patent records
  
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* With rapid urbanisation and increasingly stressful lives, people developed increasingly irregular daily schedules. This trend was especially notable amongst the younger generation who increasingly live apart from their families.
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*Performed MPI-INPADOC search which cover bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42 countries
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* These consumers often have irregular meal times, which can cause digestive problems. For office workers, meanwhile, the time available for lunch is limited, with some being too busy to take lunch.
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* Growth in digestive remedies in 2008 is slightly lower than in 2007. Many consumers became more health-conscious and adopted healthier diets, which led to a slowdown in growth for mature digestive remedies such as diarrhoeal remedies and laxatives. However, consumers’ growing confidence in selfmedicating with digestive remedies maintained good growth in 2008.
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* Proton pump inhibitors saw the highest current value growth in 2008 over the previous year. These products are used for the prevention and treatment of acid-digestion conditions, such as ulcers and gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
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* According to trade sources, GERD affects almost 7% of the population in China at some point. From a survey based on 7,000 GERD patients at the beginning of 2008, meanwhile, 70% of patients are aged 26-55-years-old. As proton pump inhibitors are more effective than traditional medicines and can relieve symptoms and heal the oesophageal lining for most who suffer from GERD, they became increasingly popular.
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* Child-specific digestive remedies continued to see good growth in 2008. These products are influenced by very different factors than adult digestive remedies. Sales of adult digestive remedies are related mostly to consumers’ diets, stress levels and illness. Meanwhile, children’s digestive remedies saw sales boosted by parents purchasing decisions, with more parents opting for child-specific products for their children. These products offer fewer side-effects and are milder, with growing awareness of child-specific products resulting in them gaining popularity.
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* Consumers also remain cautious about self-medication for children and prefer to take their children to a hospital for diagnosis in order to ensure their safety.
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* Herbal/traditional products accounted for 22% of total value sales in digestive remedies in 2008, while standard products continue to dominate. Local consumers generally believe that herbal remedies are safe and good for long-term use, causing few side effects. This offers herbal/traditional products an advantage for some digestive diseases, which may need long-term care.
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* For short-term digestive disorders and for rapid relief most prefer standard products as they believe standard products offer a more rapid effect.
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* Most established herbal product in digestive remedies was Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co’s Jiangzhong in indigestion and heartburn remedies.
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* IBS treatments are not available OTC. However, consumers can obtain these products via prescriptions or even under-the-counter (UTC) in some small pharmacies/drugstores. The UTC sales of IBS are however very small, as consumers prefer to seek medical advice for this long-term disorder from professionals.[http://www.euromonitor.com/]
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 +
*Analyzed the patents and prepared an IPmap covering relevant patents for client usage.
  
 +
==Overview==
  
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==Competitive landscape==
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===Interferon===
  
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==India==
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[[Image:interferon.jpg|250px|right|thumb|'''Interferon''' [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/1HIG_Interferon-Gamma01.png Source]]]
  
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* Dabur India Ltd led sales of digestive remedies in India in 2008. The company increased its value share to 26%, making it the fastest growing company in digestive remedies. Sales of Halmola were good while the sales of Pudin Hara were static due to an exceptionally short summer. The second placed manufacturer in 2008 was Abbott India Ltd, with its leading antacid brand, Digene.
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Interferons (IFNs) are natural cell-signaling proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges such as viruses, parasites and tumor cells. They belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines and are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA, a key indicator of viral infection. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma Source]  
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* Sales of Cadila Healthcare Ltd, the marketer of best-selling laxative Dulcolax, have come under increasing pressure from the brand Duphalac, from Solvay Pharma Ltd. Consumers have shown a preference for lactulose-based brands, such as Duphalac, as they tend to be gentler on the stomach than bisacodyl-based brands, such as Dulcolax.
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* Changing consumer preferences also led to sales of GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd and RPG Life Sciences Ltd in diarrhoeal remedies coming under pressure from Rx drugs, such as Cifran CT, from Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. Unlike brands such as Depandal, Lomotil and Lomofen, which simply provide relief from diarrhoea, drugs such as Cifran CT not only address diarrhoea in a patient, but also provide a more holistic benefit by working on the intestines and digestive system in general.
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* Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd launched Fibotab in late 2007. The brand uses calcium polycarbophil as its API, and thus not only controls diarrhoea, but also treats constipation, thus making it a truly multipurpose drug. The brand has been positioned as better alternative to Isabgol.
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* Novartis India ltd launched a new product Benefiber in 2008. A wheat dextrin-based laxative, the brand’s largest selling point is that it does not thicken and can be mixed with any beverage.
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* Digestive remedies remained quite fragmented in 2008. Besides Dabur India Ltd and Abbott India Ltd, no other company managed to achieve a value share of more than 10%. Companies such as Pfizer Ltd, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd and TTK Pharma Ltd lag behind with shares of around 4% to 5% each.
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* Eno Digesure was launched by GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Ltd in December 2007.[http://www.euromonitor.com/]
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==China==
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Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells and macrophages, increasing antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, and increasing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. There are 3 known classes of interferons; type I, type II and type III. All classes are very important in fighting viral infections. Recent studies have shown that Interferon can also help stop the growth and spread of cancer cells. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon Source]
  
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* Jilin Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Co Ltd led digestive remedies with 17% value share in 2008. The company’s Si Da Shu brand is widely popular due to its clear product position and its differentiation of gastric diseases, offering variants for “stomach-ache”, “fullness” and “acid digestion”.
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===Melanoma===
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* Established local player Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co offers well-known herbal brand Jiangzhong Jian Wei Xiao Shi Pian in antiflatulents. In 2008, the company saw the biggest increase in value share in digestive remedies over the previous yea. Jian Wei Xiao Shi Pian is a generic traditional herbal remedy used to cure indigestion by easing stomach upsets and bloating.
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* Domestic companies strived to gain share towards the end of the review period, benefiting from low prices and a wide distribution network.
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* All of the leading domestic companies achieved GMP standards accreditation by the end of the review period, with product quality thus significantly improving.[http://www.euromonitor.com/]
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=Digestive remedies category size and growth=
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Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It begins in skin cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells that make melanin, which gives skin its color. Melanin also protects the deeper layers of the skin from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.When people spend time in the sunlight, the melanocytes make more melanin and cause the skin to tan. This also happens when skin is exposed to other forms of ultraviolet light (such as in a tanning booth). If the skin receives too much ultraviolet light, the melanocytes may begin to grow abnormally and become cancerous. This condition is called melanoma.People with melanoma who have one or more positive lymph nodes are at a high risk to have their melanoma recur. It is believed that 70 to 80% of these individuals will have their melanoma come back within the next three to five years. [http://www.melanoma.com/whatis.html Source]
  
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[[Image:Overall Digestive remedies market.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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===Interferon for treatment of melanoma===
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*The Chinese market is more then double of the Indian market and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.6%.
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*While,Indian market will continue to grow at 3.1% on CAGR basis.
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[[Image:Dihoral Remedies Market.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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*The Chinese diarrhoeal remedies market is more then triple of the Indian market and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6%.
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*While,Indian market will continue to grow at 1.8% on CAGR basis.
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[[Image:Indigestion and Heart Burn Market.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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*The Chinese Indigestion and heartburn remedies market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.9%.
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*While,Indian market will continue to grow at 3.8% on CAGR basis.
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[[Image:Motion Sickness Market.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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*The Chinese motion sickness remedies market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.4%.
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*While,Indian market will continue to grow at 1.3% on CAGR basis.
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[[Image:Child specific digestive remedies.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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*The Chinese child specific digestive remedies is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.4%.
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*While,Indian market will continue to grow at 1.3% on CAGR basis.
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[[Image:Forecasted figures for Digestive remedies Market.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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=Top digestive remedies companies and brands=
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Over the past several decades, the incidence of melanoma has increased at a faster rate than that of any other solid tumor. In the 1930s, the lifetime risk for a person living in the U.S. to develop melanoma was 1 in 1,500. Currently, that risk is 1 in 74, and for 2003 it was estimated that 51,400 cases of invasive melanoma would be diagnosed. While efforts to improve early diagnosis through education have resulted in the increased detection of early-stage melanoma, many patients still present with high-risk primary melanomas.  
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==India==
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[[Image:india digestive companies.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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[[Image:india digestive brands.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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==China==
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[[Image:china digestive brands.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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[[Image:china digestive companies.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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=Herbal vs Standard digestive remedies=
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===India===
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[[Image:india herbal standard.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
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===China===
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[[Image:china herbal standard.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Euromonitor]]
+
  
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=Prevalence of Digestive Diseases in India and China=
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A beacon of hope in the treatment of melanoma has long been the observation that melanoma is susceptible to attack by the host’s immune system. This has resulted in the testing of a remarkably broad spectrum of immunotherapies, including the use of nonspecific immunostimulants, various approaches to vaccine therapies, and cytokine therapy. Many of these approaches failed to demonstrate a significant clinical impact, and the practitioner had been left with few options in treating high-risk melanoma patients with adjuvant therapy. One exception to this, however, has been the use of adjuvant interferon alpha (IFN-{alpha})
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===India===
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[[Image:Divespive prevalence india.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Cureresearch.com]]
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===China===
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While the precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood, there are multiple antitumor effects of IFN-{alpha}. These include a direct antiproliferative effect, the enhancement of natural killer cell activity, and the upregulation of tumor antigens and/or HLA class I and class II antigens. Initial phase II clinical studies with IFN-{alpha} in metastatic melanoma showed response rates in the 10%–20% range [4, 5]. These response rates, while encouraging, were not significant enough to lead to its widespread use in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. [http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/full/8/5/451 Source]
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[[Image:digestive prevalence china.jpg|center|thumb|500px|Source:Cureresearch.com]]
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=Probiotics=
 
  
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==Probiotics Market in India and China==
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===Taxonomy===
 +
 
 +
[[Image:taxonomy melanoma mod1.jpg|700px|center|thumb| '''Taxonomy''']]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Class codes identified for searches===
 +
 
 +
* '''Relevant IPC classes'''
 +
 
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="75%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|'''IPC'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Sr. No.'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class Code'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class definition'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class coverage'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center"|A61K003819
 +
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
 +
|align = "center"|Broad
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
 +
|align = "center"|A61K003821
 +
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides Interferon
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001452
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
 +
|align = "center"|Broad
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K014555
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''5'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001456
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''6'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K014565
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''7'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001457
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''8'''
 +
|align = "center"|A61P003500
 +
|align = "center"|Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations -antineoplastic agents
 +
|align = "center"|Broad
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
* '''Relevant ECLA classes'''
 +
 
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="75%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|'''ECLA'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Sr. No.'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class Code'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class definition'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class coverage'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center"|A61K003819
 +
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
 +
|align = "center"|Broad
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
 +
|align = "center"|A61K003821
 +
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing  Interferon
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center"|A61K38/21A
 +
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing  IFN-alpha
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
 +
|align = "center"|A61K38/21B
 +
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing  IFN-beta
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''5'''
 +
|align = "center"|A61K38/21C
 +
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing  IFN-gamma
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''6'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001452
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
 +
|align = "center"|Broad
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''7'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K014555
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''8'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001456
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''9'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K014565
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''10'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K001457
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''11'''
 +
|align = "center"|C07K014715G
 +
|align = "center"|Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants - for interferons -
 +
|align = "center"|Specific
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
* '''Relevant US classes'''
 +
 
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "3"|'''US class'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Sr. No.'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class Code'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Class definition'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center"|4240854
 +
|align = "center"|DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - this subclass provides for patents which broadly claim interferon or a method of treatment of interferon where the classification of the interferon as alpha, beta or gamma interferon is impossible
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
 +
|align = "center"|4242811
 +
|align = "center"| DRUG, BIO-AFFCTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Virus (e.g., interferon-inducing virus, etc.)
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center"|42400141
 +
|align = "center"|DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Attached to lymphokine, cytokine, or other secreted growth regulatory factor, differentiation factor, or intercellular mediator specific for a hematopoietic cell (e.g., interferon, interleukin, macrophage factor, colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin); derivative thereof
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
 +
|align = "center"|514889
 +
|align = "center"|DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - INTERFERON INDUCER
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''5'''
 +
|align = "center"|530351
 +
|align = "center"| CHEMISTRY: NATURAL RESINS OR DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES OR PROTEINS; LIGNINS OR REACTION PRODUCTS THEREOF - Lymphokines, e.g., interferons, interlukins, etc.
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''6'''
 +
|align = "center"|930142
 +
|align = "center"|PEPTIDE OR PROTEIN SEQUENCE - Interferon
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''7'''
 +
|align = "center"|4240851
 +
|align = "center"|LYMPHOKINE - Included in this and the indented subclasses interferon, interleukin and macrophage factors (monokines)
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''8'''
 +
|align = "center"|4240855
 +
|align = "center"|Gamma or immune: This subclass is indented under subclass 85.4.  Subject matter in which the interferon is gamma or immune interferon.
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''9'''
 +
|align = "center"|4240856
 +
|align = "center"|Subject matter in which the interferon is beta or fibroblast interferon.
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''10'''
 +
|align = "center"|4240857
 +
|align = "center"|Subject matter in which the interferon is alpha or leukocyte interferon.
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Intellectual property==
 +
 
 +
===Search strategy and concept===
 +
 
 +
Date of Search: 1836 to October 26, 2009
 +
Database used: Micropatent - Include extensive full text and MPI-Inpadoc searches
 +
 
 +
===Search in Micropatent full text - English language search===
 +
 
 +
Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.
  
−
===Methodology===
 
−
[[Image:Probiotioc market estimation methodology.jpg|thumb|500px|center|Methodology]]
 
−
===Results===
 
 
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
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|'''Country'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
−
|align = "center"|'''Compared Geography'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
−
|align = "center"|'''Probiotic Market in US in Mn $'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''
−
|align = "center"|'''US Population 2008 in Thousands'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''
−
|align = "center"|'''Per Capita Probiotic Consumption (in $)'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class Code (IPC,US,ECLA)'''
−
|align = "center"|'''PPP Adjustment Factor'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''
−
|align = "center"|'''PPP Adjusted Consumption Per Capita in ($)'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''
−
|align = "center"|'''Households with high Disposable Income (in thousands)'''
+
−
|align = "center"|'''Average number of people per household'''
+
−
|align = "center"|'''Potential Market for Probiotics (in Mn $)'''
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|'''India'''
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
−
|US
+
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
−
|align = "center"|1530
+
|align = "center"|Title, Abstract and Claims
−
|align = "center"|304060
+
|align = "center"|Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords
−
|align = "center"|5.03
+
|align = "center"|A61K003821<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G OR 4240854 OR 4242811 OR 42400141 OR 514889 OR 530351 OR 930142
−
|align = "center"|2.73
+
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
−
|align = "center"|1.84
+
|align = "center"|576
−
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|4466.70
+
−
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|5
+
−
|align = "center"|41.16
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Europe
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
−
|align = "center"|3550
+
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
−
|align = "center"|306008
+
|align = "center"|Title, Abstract and Claims
−
|align = "center"|11.60
+
|align = "center"|Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords
−
|align = "center"|3.42
+
|align = "center"|A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR 4240851 OR 4240855 OR 4240856 OR 4240857 OR A61P003500
−
|align = "center"|3.40
+
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
−
|align = "center"|75.84
+
|align = "center"|756
 
|-
 
|-
−
|United Kingdom & Ireland
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
−
|align = "center"|971.75
+
|align = "center"|'''Final query'''
−
|align = "center"|65100
+
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|'''1 OR 2'''
−
|align = "center"|14.93
+
|align = "center"|1019 records<br>'''571 unique records'''
−
|align = "center"|4.21
+
−
|align = "center"|3.54
+
−
|align = "center"|79.17
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|'''China'''
+
|}
−
|US
+
 
−
|align = "center"|1530
+
===Search in Micropatent full text - Foreign language search===
−
|align = "center"|304060
+
 
−
|align = "center"|5.03
+
 
−
|align = "center"|1.83
+
Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.
−
|align = "center"|2.75
+
 
−
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|23163.9
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="100%"
−
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|4
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
−
|align = "center"|254.77
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Language'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class Code (IPC, ECLA)'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Europe
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''1'''
−
|align = "center"|3550
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
−
|align = "center"|306008
+
|align = "center"|'''French'''
−
|align = "center"|11.60
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title, Abstract and Claims
−
|align = "center"|3.01
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s foregin langugae keywords
−
|align = "center"|3.85
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K003821<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G
−
|align = "center"|356.71
+
|align = "center"|(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|184 hits
 
|-
 
|-
−
|United Kingdom & Ireland
+
|align = "center"|'''German'''
−
|align = "center"|971.75
+
|align = "center"|(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
−
|align = "center"|65100
+
|-
−
|align = "center"|14.93
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''2'''
−
|align = "center"|2.82
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
−
|align = "center"|5.29
+
|align = "center"|'''French'''
−
|align = "center"|490.50
+
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title, Abstract and Claims
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s and interferon<nowiki>’</nowiki>s foregin langugae keywords
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR A61P003500
 +
|align = "center"|(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3375 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center"|'''German'''
 +
|align = "center"|(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Final query'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''3422 hits<br>(2023 unique records, 30-35 % relevant)'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
*The households that are wealthy enough to consume such products on a regular basis are take as those having disposable income more then 15000$ per year.
 
  
−
=Product Dashboard=
+
===Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - English language search===
−
[[Image:Digestive Product Dashboard.jpg|center|thumb|500px]]
+
−
* The product dashboard contains the names, effect and claims of various digestive remedies available in Indian and Chinese markets.[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=664 Click here] to view the dashboard.
+
  
−
=Prospects of digestive remedies industry=
+
Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.
  
−
===India===
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class search'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|Specific IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords
 +
|align = "center"|A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457
 +
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|174
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
 +
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords
 +
|align = "center"|A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500
 +
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR interferon<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|484
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|Specific ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords
 +
|align = "center"|A61K03821<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 OR C07K014715G
 +
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|102
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
 +
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|Broad ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords
 +
|align = "center"|A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500
 +
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR interferon<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))
 +
|align = "center"|9
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''5'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|'''Final query'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4'''
 +
|align = "center"|587 hits<br>'''232 unique records'''
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
* Increasingly busy lifestyles, irregular eating habits, lack of exercise and poor nutrition in meals will continue to be the main drivers of growth in sales of digestive remedies over the forecast period.
+
===Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - Foreign language search===
−
* Digestive problems such as constipation and acidity are likely to rise. In addition to this, lack of basic amenities, such as clean water and sanitary conditions in many rural and semi-urban parts of India, will give further impetus to growth, as these are the main causes of diarrhoea.
+
−
* The forecast period is expected to see growth a lot higher than that of the review period in constant value terms.
+
−
* Growth will be driven by increasing UTC consumption of proton pump inhibitors, antiflatulents, IBS treatments and H2 blockers. Consumers are expected to turn to advanced drugs like these in the hope of getting faster and long lasting relief from various digestive ailments.
+
−
* In the short term, growth in 2009 is expected to be marginally stronger than that in 2008, in spite of the economic downturn in India. Consumption of digestive remedies is expected to increase in line with a rise in population, which will naturally widen the consumer base.
+
−
* The review period saw many yoga centres being established in urban centres. Yoga is frequently touted as an effective way to control digestive ailments. If a “yoga revolution” does sweep across the country, growth in digestive remedies will again be negatively affected.
+
−
* Digestive enzymes are set to see the strongest growth over the forecast period, of 53% in constant value terms. Growth will be driven to a significant extent by Dabur India Ltd increasing penetration through aggressive marketing and promotional activities. Child-specific indigestion and heartburn remedies are expected to see the slowest growth between 2008 and 2013, of just 5% in constant value terms.
+
−
* Fibotab is expected to perform extremely well in the short term. The brand is expected to see success based on its multipurpose positioning as well as the fact that it does not need to be mixed with water, unlike Isabgol. On the other hand, Benefiber is not expected to do well, because of its high price and a lack of promotion by Novartis India Ltd.
+
−
* Companies might opt to position their products as meal supplements, instead of medicines, to take advantage of the growing trend to consume digestive remedies on a regular basis. Furthermore, companies will look to rural areas to drive further growth in sales, as urban areas are highly saturated when it comes to products such as antacids, diarrhoeal remedies and laxatives. Promotional activities are likely to include tying up with additional distributors, and conducting road shows and awareness programmes.[http://www.euromonitor.com/]
+
  
−
===China===
+
Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.
  
−
* Digestive remedies are expected to post moderate growth in most product areas during the forecast period. The continued acceleration of consumer lifestyles is expected to lead to an increasing number of people skipping meals or having irregular meal times. This will be the main factor maintaining demand for digestive remedies during the forecast period.
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
−
* Healthy eating and the widening use of vitamins and dietary supplements might pose a threat to digestive remedies during the forecast period. Sales of functional food products with high fibre content are expected to increase during the forecast period, while food containing prebiotics and/or probiotics such as yoghurt is also expected to see growing sales. These products can aid digestion and may reduce the incidence of digestive disorders.
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
−
* Moreover, consumers are increasingly opting for natural food instead of medicine under prevailing health trends. As a result, sales of diarrhoeal remedies are likely to be adversely affected.
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
−
* The decreasing demand for motion sickness remedies was led by the advancement of local transportation infrastructure. Moreover, the unit price of motion sickness remedies is low, at around RMB0.1 per tablet in 2008, with low prices also constraining value sales.
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Language'''
−
* Sales of motion sickness remedies are likely to remain sluggish during the forecast period, despite an increasing number of frequent travellers. This is because growth in the number of travellers is expected to mostly come from students and young adults. Many people in these groups do not bother taking motion sickness remedies and are often more accustomed to the discomfort caused by vehicle motion.
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''
−
* Proton pump inhibitors is expected to see the fastest constant value growth in digestive remedies over the forecast period. Robust sales growth for the leading brand, AstraZeneca China Pharm Co Ltd’s Losec Mups, are likely to attract local manufacturers and other international brands, with new players thus set to enter this product area.
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''
−
* As in other product areas of OTC healthcare, the unit price of digestive remedies is expected to decline over the forecast period. This will occur as a result of government efforts to make digestive remedies more affordable.
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class Code (IPC, ECLA)'''
−
* Advertising is expected to become more prominent for digestive remedies during the forecast period, with marketing activities becoming intense. Companies will spend more on advertising OTC digestive remedies, aiming to create a strong brand image in order to increase sales.[http://www.euromonitor.com/]
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|'''French'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Specific IPC/ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457
 +
|align = "center"|(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|4 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center"|'''German'''
 +
|align = "center"|(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''2'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|'''French'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title and Abstract
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500
 +
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR Interféron<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>Interféron OR huIFN) AND  (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|25 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center"|'''German'''
 +
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR interferon<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>interferon OR huIFN AND (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Final query'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''29 hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Search in Japanese database===
 +
 
 +
Database: IPDL (Industrial property digital library), Japan
 +
 
 +
Date of search: 1900/01/01 to 2009/10/26
 +
 
 +
'''Total patents: 846 (Relevancy ~10%)'''
 +
 
 +
* '''F-Terms and theme used in search'''
 +
 
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="75%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "3"|'''Japanese F-term search'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Definition'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Sr. No.'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''F- Term theme'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''4H045'''
 +
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center"|F-term
 +
|align = "center"|DA15
 +
|align = "center"|Peptide or protein characterised by function - Interferons
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
 +
|align = "center"|F-term
 +
|align = "center"|DA16
 +
|align = "center"|Alpha-interferons
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center"|F-term
 +
|align = "center"|DA17
 +
|align = "center"|Beta-interferons
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
 +
|align = "center"|F-term
 +
|align = "center"|DA18
 +
|align = "center"|Gamma-interferons
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Sample patents==
 +
 
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.No.'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Date of Publication'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Assignee / Applicant'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Inventor(s)'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Title'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Dolcera Summary'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20051027&CC=US&NR=2005238621A1&KC=A1 US7482014B2]</u></font>
 +
|align = "center"|1/27/2009
 +
|align = "center"|Schering Corporation
 +
|align = "center"|Rybak, Mary Ellen and Rose, Esther Helen
 +
|align = "center"|Melanoma therapy
 +
|align = "center"|The invention relates to a method of treating a patient having Stage IIB or Stage III melanoma which has been surgically removed. A first dose of 6.0 micrograms/kg of pegylated  interferon alpha-2b once a week for eight weeks, and then administering to the patient a second dose of 3.0 or less micrograms/kg of pegylated interferon alpha-2b once a week for the remainder of a five year treatment period.
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''
 +
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19991207&CC=US&NR=5997858A&KC=A US5997858A]</u></font>
 +
|align = "center"|12/7/1999
 +
|align = "center"|Pharma Pacific Pty Ltd.
 +
|align = "center"|Tovey, Michael Gerard and Kaido, Thomas James
 +
|align = "center"|Stimulation of host defense mechanisms against tumors
 +
|align = "center"|A method for treating multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, brain tumors etc. by administering a therapeutically effective amount of an interferon (1500 IU to about 20×10<sup>6</sup> IU for a 70 kg man per day) via oromucosal contact.
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''
 +
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19881026&CC=EP&NR=0288055A1&KC=A1 EP288055A1]</u></font>
 +
|align = "center"|10/26/1988
 +
|align = "center"|MERRELL DOW PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
 +
|align = "center"|Sunkara, Sai P.
 +
|align = "center"|Use of ODC inhibitors, dacarbazine, and interferon, in the treatment of malignant melanoma
 +
|align = "center"|A combinational therapy containing an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, Interferon and Dacarbazine for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treating rapidly-proliferating cell-growth disease such as melanoma.
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''
 +
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19871014&CC=EP&NR=0241242A1&KC=A1 EP241242A1]</u></font>
 +
|align = "center"|10/14/1987
 +
|align = "center"|CETUS ONCOLOGY CORPORATION
 +
|align = "center"|Rudolph, Alfred
 +
|align = "center"|The use of interferon-beta and interleukin-2 for combination therapy and compositions therefor
 +
|align = "center"|A composition comprising of a mixture of lFN- beta and IL-2 for administration to human patients for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of cancer such as colon cancer, melanoma, renal cell cancer, lung cancer.
 +
|-
 +
|}

Revision as of 07:22, 24 February 2010

Objective

Primary objective of the study was to perform a prior art search on usage of interferon for the treatment of melanoma.

To achieve our objective we performed following steps:

  • Created a multi level taxonomy to categorize the patents using interferon for melanoma treatment
  • Marked out relevant IPC, ECLA, US classes and Japanese F-term available for technology in question.
  • Identified and clubbed relevant keywords with classes to extract relevant patents.
  • Checked for patents in US, EP, PCT, JP, Great Britain, and German patent records
  • Performed MPI-INPADOC search which cover bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42 countries
  • Analyzed the patents and prepared an IPmap covering relevant patents for client usage.

Overview

Interferon

Interferon Source

Interferons (IFNs) are natural cell-signaling proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges such as viruses, parasites and tumor cells. They belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines and are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA, a key indicator of viral infection. Source

Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells and macrophages, increasing antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, and increasing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. There are 3 known classes of interferons; type I, type II and type III. All classes are very important in fighting viral infections. Recent studies have shown that Interferon can also help stop the growth and spread of cancer cells. Source

Melanoma

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It begins in skin cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells that make melanin, which gives skin its color. Melanin also protects the deeper layers of the skin from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.When people spend time in the sunlight, the melanocytes make more melanin and cause the skin to tan. This also happens when skin is exposed to other forms of ultraviolet light (such as in a tanning booth). If the skin receives too much ultraviolet light, the melanocytes may begin to grow abnormally and become cancerous. This condition is called melanoma.People with melanoma who have one or more positive lymph nodes are at a high risk to have their melanoma recur. It is believed that 70 to 80% of these individuals will have their melanoma come back within the next three to five years. Source

Interferon for treatment of melanoma

Over the past several decades, the incidence of melanoma has increased at a faster rate than that of any other solid tumor. In the 1930s, the lifetime risk for a person living in the U.S. to develop melanoma was 1 in 1,500. Currently, that risk is 1 in 74, and for 2003 it was estimated that 51,400 cases of invasive melanoma would be diagnosed. While efforts to improve early diagnosis through education have resulted in the increased detection of early-stage melanoma, many patients still present with high-risk primary melanomas.

A beacon of hope in the treatment of melanoma has long been the observation that melanoma is susceptible to attack by the host’s immune system. This has resulted in the testing of a remarkably broad spectrum of immunotherapies, including the use of nonspecific immunostimulants, various approaches to vaccine therapies, and cytokine therapy. Many of these approaches failed to demonstrate a significant clinical impact, and the practitioner had been left with few options in treating high-risk melanoma patients with adjuvant therapy. One exception to this, however, has been the use of adjuvant interferon alpha (IFN-{alpha})

While the precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood, there are multiple antitumor effects of IFN-{alpha}. These include a direct antiproliferative effect, the enhancement of natural killer cell activity, and the upregulation of tumor antigens and/or HLA class I and class II antigens. Initial phase II clinical studies with IFN-{alpha} in metastatic melanoma showed response rates in the 10%–20% range [4, 5]. These response rates, while encouraging, were not significant enough to lead to its widespread use in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Source


Taxonomy

Taxonomy


Class codes identified for searches

  • Relevant IPC classes
IPC
Sr. No. Class Code Class definition Class coverage
1 A61K003819 Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons Broad
2 A61K003821 Medicinal preparations containing peptides Interferon Specific
3 C07K001452 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons Broad
4 C07K014555 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon Specific
5 C07K001456 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha Specific
6 C07K014565 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta Specific
7 C07K001457 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma Specific
8 A61P003500 Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations -antineoplastic agents Broad
  • Relevant ECLA classes
ECLA
Sr. No. Class Code Class definition Class coverage
1 A61K003819 Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons Broad
2 A61K003821 Medicinal preparations containing Interferon Specific
3 A61K38/21A Medicinal preparations containing IFN-alpha Specific
4 A61K38/21B Medicinal preparations containing IFN-beta Specific
5 A61K38/21C Medicinal preparations containing IFN-gamma Specific
6 C07K001452 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons Broad
7 C07K014555 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon Specific
8 C07K001456 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha Specific
9 C07K014565 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta Specific
10 C07K001457 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma Specific
11 C07K014715G Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants - for interferons - Specific
  • Relevant US classes
US class
Sr. No. Class Code Class definition
1 4240854 DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - this subclass provides for patents which broadly claim interferon or a method of treatment of interferon where the classification of the interferon as alpha, beta or gamma interferon is impossible
2 4242811 DRUG, BIO-AFFCTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Virus (e.g., interferon-inducing virus, etc.)
3 42400141 DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Attached to lymphokine, cytokine, or other secreted growth regulatory factor, differentiation factor, or intercellular mediator specific for a hematopoietic cell (e.g., interferon, interleukin, macrophage factor, colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin); derivative thereof
4 514889 DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - INTERFERON INDUCER
5 530351 CHEMISTRY: NATURAL RESINS OR DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES OR PROTEINS; LIGNINS OR REACTION PRODUCTS THEREOF - Lymphokines, e.g., interferons, interlukins, etc.
6 930142 PEPTIDE OR PROTEIN SEQUENCE - Interferon
7 4240851 LYMPHOKINE - Included in this and the indented subclasses interferon, interleukin and macrophage factors (monokines)
8 4240855 Gamma or immune: This subclass is indented under subclass 85.4. Subject matter in which the interferon is gamma or immune interferon.
9 4240856 Subject matter in which the interferon is beta or fibroblast interferon.
10 4240857 Subject matter in which the interferon is alpha or leukocyte interferon.

Intellectual property

Search strategy and concept

Date of Search: 1836 to October 26, 2009 Database used: Micropatent - Include extensive full text and MPI-Inpadoc searches

Search in Micropatent full text - English language search

Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.

Sr. No. Search concept Search Scope Search reason Class Code (IPC,US,ECLA) Search query No. of hits
1 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title, Abstract and Claims Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords A61K003821* OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G OR 4240854 OR 4242811 OR 42400141 OR 514889 OR 530351 OR 930142 (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 576
2 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title, Abstract and Claims Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR 4240851 OR 4240855 OR 4240856 OR 4240857 OR A61P003500 (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 756
3 Final query 1 OR 2 1019 records
571 unique records

Search in Micropatent full text - Foreign language search

Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.

Sr. No. Search concept Language Search Scope Search reason Class Code (IPC, ECLA) Search query No. of hits
1 Interferon for treating Melanoma French Title, Abstract and Claims Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma’s foregin langugae keywords A61K003821* OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur))) 184 hits
German (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
2 Interferon for treating Melanoma French Title, Abstract and Claims Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma’s and interferon’s foregin langugae keywords A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR A61P003500 (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur))) 3375 hits
German (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
3 Final query 1 OR 2 3422 hits
(2023 unique records, 30-35 % relevant)


Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - English language search

Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.

Sr. No. Search concept Search Scope Search reason Class search Search query No. of hits
1 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title and Abstract Specific IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 174
2 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title and Abstract Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500 (IFN* OR *IFN OR interferon* OR *interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 484
3 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title and Abstract Specific ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords A61K03821* OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 OR C07K014715G (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 102
4 Interferon for treating Melanoma Title and Abstract Broad ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500 (IFN* OR *IFN OR interferon* OR *interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor))) 9
5 Final query 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 587 hits
232 unique records

Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - Foreign language search

Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.

Sr. No. Search concept Language Search Scope Search reason Class Code (IPC, ECLA) Search query No. of hits
1 Interferon for treating Melanoma French Title and Abstract Specific IPC/ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur))) 4 hits
German (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
2 Interferon for treating Melanoma French Title and Abstract Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500 (IFN* OR *IFN OR Interféron* OR *Interféron OR huIFN) AND (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur))) 25 hits
German (IFN* OR *IFN OR interferon* OR *interferon OR huIFN AND (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
3 Final query 1 OR 2 29 hits

Search in Japanese database

Database: IPDL (Industrial property digital library), Japan

Date of search: 1900/01/01 to 2009/10/26

Total patents: 846 (Relevancy ~10%)

  • F-Terms and theme used in search
Japanese F-term search Definition
Sr. No. F- Term theme 4H045 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
1 F-term DA15 Peptide or protein characterised by function - Interferons
2 F-term DA16 Alpha-interferons
3 F-term DA17 Beta-interferons
4 F-term DA18 Gamma-interferons

Sample patents

S.No. Patent/Publication No. Date of Publication Assignee / Applicant Inventor(s) Title Dolcera Summary
1 US7482014B2 1/27/2009 Schering Corporation Rybak, Mary Ellen and Rose, Esther Helen Melanoma therapy The invention relates to a method of treating a patient having Stage IIB or Stage III melanoma which has been surgically removed. A first dose of 6.0 micrograms/kg of pegylated interferon alpha-2b once a week for eight weeks, and then administering to the patient a second dose of 3.0 or less micrograms/kg of pegylated interferon alpha-2b once a week for the remainder of a five year treatment period.
2 US5997858A 12/7/1999 Pharma Pacific Pty Ltd. Tovey, Michael Gerard and Kaido, Thomas James Stimulation of host defense mechanisms against tumors A method for treating multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, brain tumors etc. by administering a therapeutically effective amount of an interferon (1500 IU to about 20×106 IU for a 70 kg man per day) via oromucosal contact.
3 EP288055A1 10/26/1988 MERRELL DOW PHARMACEUTICALS INC. Sunkara, Sai P. Use of ODC inhibitors, dacarbazine, and interferon, in the treatment of malignant melanoma A combinational therapy containing an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, Interferon and Dacarbazine for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treating rapidly-proliferating cell-growth disease such as melanoma.
4 EP241242A1 10/14/1987 CETUS ONCOLOGY CORPORATION Rudolph, Alfred The use of interferon-beta and interleukin-2 for combination therapy and compositions therefor A composition comprising of a mixture of lFN- beta and IL-2 for administration to human patients for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of cancer such as colon cancer, melanoma, renal cell cancer, lung cancer.
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