Difference between pages "Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word" and "Choline Bitartarate"

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(→‎How botox procedure is performed)
 
(→‎Action of Choline bitartrate containing Compositions)
 
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==Objective==
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==Overview==
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* Determining the factors driving the adoption of invasive medical procedures for consumer application
+
*Choline is an organic compound, usually grouped within the Vitamin B complex.  There are eight B vitamins in the Vitamin B complex family. Although each performs a different function in the body, they all work together to maintain good health.
 +
[[Image:CBT Image.jpg|Right|250px|thumb|'''Structure of Choline bitartrate''' [http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6900#Synonyms Source]]]
 +
*Choline is available in various forms namely, choline bitartrate, choline citrate,choline chloride and others.
 +
* '''Choline Bitartrate''' (L(+) choline bitartrate) is a colorless or white crystal powder, which is a water-soluble part of the B Vitamin family. Its IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium; (2R,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate and CAS Registry Number is : 87-67-2. [http://www.chemicalregister.com/D_-_Choline_Bitartrate/Suppliers/pid56388.htm Source]
 +
*The body needs B vitamins to manufacture neurotransmitters, chemicals that control alertness and mood by speeding nerve signals through the brain.
 +
* As B vitamins are water soluble, they are excreted in the urine and can be quickly depleted from the body. Only a small amount is stored in the body. Because of this, it is important that we take supplements to replenish these important vitamins in our body. [http://www.add-adhd-help-center.com/Ingredients/choline_bitartrate.htm Source]
  
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==Problem Statement ==
+
* Choline bitartrate is an essential nutrient needed by the nervous system to produce acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that facilitates the transmission of impulses between neurons.
−
* To derive the time to market for invasive procedures for consumer applications like
+
−
# Nanotechnology for skincare or hair care
+
−
# Stem-cell therapy
+
  
−
==Methodology==
+
'''Natural Source of Choline bitartrate''': Egg yolk, peanuts, wheat germ, organ meats and legumes.
  
−
*We decided to follow the 'analogy' method for determining the time it takes for consumer adoption of invasive medical procedures.  
+
'''Health Benefits of Choline Bitartrate''':
−
*For the purpose of this study, we decided to study the consumer adoption of Botox and apply the learning from Botox story to determine the timescale for consumer adoption of other new invasive procedures.  
+
* Being a product of vitamin, it can be applied to medicine, healthcare product and food.
−
* Botox was considered appropriate since it is an invasive procedure for skin treatment.
+
* It is a nutritious additive and fat remover, enhance fatty metabolism and eliminate the accumulation of fat in liver.
−
* Botox is similar in that it's adoption is driven by 'expert opinion' which will also be the case for Invasive Nanotechnology therapy and Stem-cell therapy.
+
* Influence muscle contractions, movement, coordination and enhance memory.
 +
* Involved in higher level brain functions like memory, thought and intellect.
 +
* Is vital to the structural integrity of cell walls, the production of amino acids and proteins and the metabolism of fats.  
 +
* Aid in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease, manic depression and improve the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease.
  
−
== Study Method ==
+
'''Deficiencies in B vitamins causes''':
 +
* Depression or signs of decreased mental functioning.
 +
* Decrease cognitive function.
  
−
* We used secondary research for data collection
+
==Intellectual Property==
−
* Botox procedure data has been taken from ASAPS (American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons)
+
===Search Strategy===
−
* Databases used to search articles are Factiva and Google scholar
+
* Databases: USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
−
* Search query used is:
+
−
:* botox, botulinum toxin: to find the total number of articles published on botox
+
−
:* botox and wrinkles, botox and frown, botox and lines: to find skin care articles using botox
+
−
* Determined the correlation between the number of articles published and number of botox procedures
+
−
* Analyzed the articles published to determine the market drivers
+
  
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==Technical overview==
+
* Years: From 1836 - To April 18, 2009.
−
Botox injection is a diluted form of botulinum toxin type A which is injected into facial muscles to paralyze or weaken the muscles that form wrinkles. Botulinum toxin is a medication and a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is the most toxic protein known with an LD50 of roughly 0.005-0.05 µg/kg.
+
  
−
'''It is sold commercially under the brand names:'''
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{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
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* BTXA, Dysport, Myobloc, Neurobloc and Xeomin which are used in the treatment of muscle spasms.
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
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* Botox Cosmetic and Vistabel are available for cosmetic treatment.
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Query'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
 +
|bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Choline bitartarate'''
 +
|Full Spec.
 +
|align = "center"|((choline ADJ1 bitartarate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (choline ADJ1 bitartrate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (choline ADJ1 bi ADJ1 tartrate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (2-Hydroxyethyl ADJ1 trimethyl ADJ1 ammonium ADJ1 bitartrate) OR ((2-Hydroxyethyl) ADJ1 trimethyl ADJ1 ammonium ADJ1 bitartrate) OR ((2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium ADJ1 bitartrate))
 +
|align = "center"|'''1016 hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
 +
|bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Food & beverage'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|(beverage<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR drink<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR juice<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR potion OR tonic OR spirit<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (liquid ADJ1 refreshment) OR Tea OR milk OR coffee OR cocoa OR (liquid ADJ (formulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR preparation<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR capsule<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR caplet<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR tablet<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR powder<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR (Nutri<nowiki>*</nowiki> ADJ supplement<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR Food<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR Meal<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR composition OR (Nutrition<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 adjuvant<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) OR (food NEAR3 supplement<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR formula OR formulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
 +
|align = "center"|'''  3677912 hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
 +
|bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|
 +
|Combine
 +
|align = "center"|'''1AND 2'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''    881 hits (Unique Records 440)'''
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
===How botox procedure is performed===
+
===Analysis Taxonomy===
−
* Botox procedure usually takes 5-15 minutes and there is no need for any anesthesia.
+
[[image:Choline bitartarate updated.jpeg|center|750 px|thumb|]]
−
* The procedure is not entirely painless and the small needle does sting. Some physicians may numb the area with a topical anesthetic prior to the injection.
+
−
* Before the injections, all the sites are premarked and cleaned with an antiseptic solution.
+
−
* The Botox is then injected.
+
−
* It generally takes three to seven days to take full effect and it is best to avoid alcohol at least one week prior to treatment.
+
−
* Aspirin and anti-inflammatory medications should be stopped two weeks before treatment as well in order to reduce bruising.
+
−
* Once the procedure is performed results last anywhere from 4 to 6 months.
+
  
−
===Botox Is commonly used to treat===
+
====IP activity over the years====
  
−
* Forehead lines
+
* Maximum number of patents have been filed in the year 2004.
−
* Crow's feet (lines around the eye)
+
* Patents are published 18 months after application.
−
* Frown lines
+
  
−
===Side effects of botox===
+
[[Image: CBT IP Trend.jpg|center|700 px|thumb|Graph showing IP Activity Over Years (Assignee versus earliest priority year)]]
  
−
Botox is not without side effects. However, the side effects are minor and resolve rapidly. The most common side effects include:
+
====Top Assignees====
 +
*Council of Scientific & Industrial Research found to be the Top assignee with 3 patents.
 +
* For 2 patent / publications Asssignee name is not available.
 +
[[Image:CBT TOP assignee.jpg|center|600 px|thumb|Graph showing Top assignee names]]
  
−
* Mild nausea
+
====Patent Focus====
 +
* Patents focusing on Composition.
 +
* Patents focusing on Methods.
 +
* Patents focusing on Composition and Methods.
 +
* Patents focusing on process of prepration.
  
−
* Flu like symptoms
+
[[Image:CBT pie chart.jpg|center|600 px|thumb|Graph showing patents focusing on composition / methods or Both]]
  
−
* Headache
+
====Action of Choline bitartrate containing Compositions====
  
−
* Redness
+
<mm>[[Cbt_cadbury.mm]]</mm>
  
−
* Pain at injection site
+
====Choline Bitartarate Patents categorised as per formulation====
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Product form'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Patent/publication'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Patent focus'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Ingredients other than Choline Bitartarate'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Application'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "16"|'''Beverage / liquid / Drink'''
 +
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040005368%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040005368&RS=DN/20040005368 US20040005368A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition and  Method
 +
|1. At least one substance that enhance oxygen uptake such as Gingko A,  Caffeine,  Green Tea, L-pyroglutamate, Xanthinol nicotinate.<br>2. A protein supplement.
 +
|Used for weight loss.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040191294%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040191294&RS=DN/20040191294 US20040191294A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition, Method, Process of prepration
 +
|1. one or more omega 3 fatty acids.<br>2. milk or milk-based products .
 +
|lowers levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121158%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121158&RS=DN/20060121158 US20060121158A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition
 +
|1. A first ingredient comprising at least one of a polyol, a fiber or a combination thereof.<br>2. Second ingredient comprising calcium. <br>3. Third ingredient comprising at least one of flavanol, stimulant and antioxidant.
 +
| Used for weight management.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5626849.PN.&OS=PN/5626849&RS=PN/5626849 US5626849A]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition and  Method
 +
|An essentially dry mixture of chromium, L-carnitine, gamma-linolenic acid, (-) hydroxycitric acid, inositol, antioxidants and herbs.
 +
|A dietary supplement to help facilitate weight loss
 +
|-
 +
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5904948.PN.&OS=PN/5904948&RS=PN/5904948 US5904948A]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition and  Process of prepration
 +
|An protein component and a carbohydrate component.
 +
|Nutritional Supplement
 +
|-
 +
|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO2006052231&F=0 WO2006052231A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition and  Process of prepration
 +
|Sugar including the carbohydrates, fructose and maltodextrin, and electrolytes chromium, copper, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and citric acid.
 +
|Restoring human growth hormone.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050171034%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050171034&RS=DN/20050171034 US20050171034A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition and  Method
 +
|Betaine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, and N-acetyl-cysteine.
 +
|Promotes decrease of homocysteine levels in humans.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060241077%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060241077&RS=DN/20060241077 US20060241077A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition and  Method
 +
|A uridine, an acyl derivative thereof, a uridine phosphate, uracil, or a salt thereof;
 +
|Ameliorating or inhibiting decline in memory or intelligence.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070065456%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070065456&RS=DN/20070065456 US20070065456A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition
 +
|Wasabia japonica, Silybum marianum, Cynara scolymus.
 +
|Nutritional supplement for a human diet.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070248696%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070248696&RS=DN/20070248696 US20070248696A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition and  Method
 +
|Dimethylaminoethanol, cytidine 5<nowiki>’</nowiki>-diphosphocholine, turmeric extract, decaffeinated green tea extract, vitamin B1,B5, B6, B12,folic acid, Dimethylglycine, huperzine A, Griffonia simplicifolia extract and 1-phenylalanine.
 +
|Improves neuromuscular facilitation and enhances cognitive functions, such as memory and mental focus.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080317868%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080317868&RS=DN/20080317868 US20080317868A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition
 +
|An energy content, a protein fraction, a lipids fraction, a nucleotide fraction and a mineral fraction.
 +
|An anti-allergic infant formulation.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4497800.PN.&OS=PN/4497800&RS=PN/4497800 US4497800A]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition
 +
|A protein equivalent, a suitable lipid, a carbohydrate component , essential vitamins , minerals and an emulsion stabilizer.
 +
|Providing nourishment for a human patient in need of such nourishment .
 +
|-
 +
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4499076.PN.&OS=PN/4499076&RS=PN/4499076 US4499076A]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition
 +
|Essential amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins namely vitamin A, B1, B6, B12, C, D2, E, K1, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid amide, biotin, folic acid or choline bitartrate  and minerals.
 +
|New elemental diets for liver diseases.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4837219.PN.&OS=PN/4837219&RS=PN/4837219 US4837219A]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition, Method, Process of prepration
 +
|L-Tyrosine, L-Phenylalanime, L-Leucine, Zinc (from Zinc Gluconate) and Copper (from Copper Gluconate).
 +
|A medication for Alzheimer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s disease.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5437880.PN.&OS=PN/5437880&RS=PN/5437880 US5437880A]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition
 +
|Digestible saccharide and a carotenoid.
 +
|A health drink
 +
|-
 +
|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO9415488&F=0 WO1994015488A2]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition
 +
|Carbohydrate, electrolyte, ammonia neutralizer, energy enhancer namely choline Bitartrate and others , antioxidant, neuromuscular function enhancer.
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''Foodstuff'''
 +
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050208191%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050208191&RS=DN/20050208191 US20050208191A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition and  Process of prepration
 +
|Whole wheat, Roasted (defatted) soy Peanut paste, Sesame seed paste Sesame seed , Wheat germ (roasted), Non fat dry milk, Sugar Powder, Liquid, Lecithin, Sodium Chloride,  mmonium bicarbonate, vitamins and others.
 +
|Nutritious baked snack food with high protein content
 +
|-
 +
|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO2005087018&F=0 WO2005087018A1]
 +
|align = "center"|Composition and  Process of prepration
 +
|vegetable sources as wheat flout, roasted peanut paste, sesame seed, soybean flour and well balanced mixture of vitamins, minerals and others.
 +
|Food stuff for children and adult supplementing their nutritional requirement.
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 +
====Choline Bitartarate containing compositions====
 +
*[[Click here for Composition components matrix showing all the ingrediebts used along with Choline Bitartarate.]]
 +
*'''[[Media:cbt containing compositions.xls|Click here]]''' for excel sheet showing Choline Bitartarate containing composition mentioned in Patents.
  
−
No severe side effects have been reported, but the dermatologist or medical practitioner administering botox injection should be experienced.
+
===Patent Analysis Sheets===
  
−
[http://articles.directorym.com/Botox_Side_Effects-a1182167.html Source: articles.directorym]
+
*'''[[Media:cbt Patent Analysis sheet.xls|Click here for the complete Analysis spread sheet-22 ON Targets]]'''
  
−
==Market overview==
+
* '''[[Media:Other than cbt ingredients.xls|Click here]]''' for list of ingredients that are in combination with Choline Bitartarate, obtained from Patents.
−
Initially botox was marketed for its medical applications in treating various muscle-related conditions but later its marketing was broadened to include its cosmetic application—smoothing out frown lines between the eyebrows.<br>
+
  
−
===Y-o-Y sale of botox procedures===
+
===Scientific Literature Analysis===
 +
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.No.'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Title'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Citations'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''Publication Date'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''Results / Statastical data'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''Dolcera Summary'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
 +
|Effect of choline supplementation on fatigue in trained cyclists.
 +
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7674870 Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 May;27(5):668-73.]</u></font>
 +
|align = "center"|1995-05-01
 +
|1. Twenty male cyclists (ages 23-29) with maximal aerobic power (VO2max) between 58 and 81 ml.min-1.kg-1 were randomly divided into BRIEF (N = 10) and PROLONGED (N = 10) groups. <br>2. One hour after drinking a beverage with or without choline bitartrate (2.43 g), cyclists began riding at a power output equivalent to approximately 150% (BRIEF) and 70% (PROLONGED) of VO2max at a cadence of 80-90 rpm. <br>3.Time to exhaustion, indirect calorimetry and serum choline, lactate, and glucose were measured.
 +
|Trained cyclists do not deplete choline during supramaximal brief or prolonged submaximal exercise, nor do they benefit from choline supplementation to delay fatigue under given conditions.
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
[[Image:botox procedures.jpg|center|500px|thumb|[http://www.surgery.org/press/statistics.php Source: ASAPS]]]
+
*'''[[Media:cbt Non_Patent Analysis sheet.xls|Click here for Scientific Literature Analysis spread sheet]]'''
  
−
===Botox procedures as a percentage of total cosmetic procedures===
+
==Dashboard==
−
 
+
* Click at this link for '''[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=554 Dashboard]'''
−
[[Image:botox procedures as a percentage.jpg|center|600px|thumb|[http://www.surgery.org/press/statistics.php Source: ASAPS]]]
+

Revision as of 02:12, 18 August 2009

Overview

  • Choline is an organic compound, usually grouped within the Vitamin B complex. There are eight B vitamins in the Vitamin B complex family. Although each performs a different function in the body, they all work together to maintain good health.
Structure of Choline bitartrate Source
  • Choline is available in various forms namely, choline bitartrate, choline citrate,choline chloride and others.
  • Choline Bitartrate (L(+) choline bitartrate) is a colorless or white crystal powder, which is a water-soluble part of the B Vitamin family. Its IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium; (2R,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate and CAS Registry Number is : 87-67-2. Source
  • The body needs B vitamins to manufacture neurotransmitters, chemicals that control alertness and mood by speeding nerve signals through the brain.
  • As B vitamins are water soluble, they are excreted in the urine and can be quickly depleted from the body. Only a small amount is stored in the body. Because of this, it is important that we take supplements to replenish these important vitamins in our body. Source
  • Choline bitartrate is an essential nutrient needed by the nervous system to produce acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that facilitates the transmission of impulses between neurons.

Natural Source of Choline bitartrate: Egg yolk, peanuts, wheat germ, organ meats and legumes.

Health Benefits of Choline Bitartrate:

  • Being a product of vitamin, it can be applied to medicine, healthcare product and food.
  • It is a nutritious additive and fat remover, enhance fatty metabolism and eliminate the accumulation of fat in liver.
  • Influence muscle contractions, movement, coordination and enhance memory.
  • Involved in higher level brain functions like memory, thought and intellect.
  • Is vital to the structural integrity of cell walls, the production of amino acids and proteins and the metabolism of fats.
  • Aid in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease, manic depression and improve the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease.

Deficiencies in B vitamins causes:

  • Depression or signs of decreased mental functioning.
  • Decrease cognitive function.

Intellectual Property

Search Strategy

  • Databases: USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
  • Years: From 1836 - To April 18, 2009.
S.No Concept Scope Search Query Hits
1 Choline bitartarate Full Spec. ((choline ADJ1 bitartarate*) OR (choline ADJ1 bitartrate*) OR (choline ADJ1 bi ADJ1 tartrate*) OR (2-Hydroxyethyl ADJ1 trimethyl ADJ1 ammonium ADJ1 bitartrate) OR ((2-Hydroxyethyl) ADJ1 trimethyl ADJ1 ammonium ADJ1 bitartrate) OR ((2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium ADJ1 bitartrate)) 1016 hits
2 Food & beverage Claims, Title or Abstract (beverage* OR drink* OR juice* OR potion OR tonic OR spirit* OR (liquid ADJ1 refreshment) OR Tea OR milk OR coffee OR cocoa OR (liquid ADJ (formulation*1 OR preparation*1)) OR capsule* OR caplet* OR tablet* OR powder*2 OR (Nutri* ADJ supplement*) OR Food* OR Meal* OR composition OR (Nutrition* NEAR3 adjuvant* ) OR (food NEAR3 supplement*) OR formula OR formulation*) 3677912 hits
3 Combine 1AND 2 881 hits (Unique Records 440)

Analysis Taxonomy

Choline bitartarate updated.jpeg

IP activity over the years

  • Maximum number of patents have been filed in the year 2004.
  • Patents are published 18 months after application.
Graph showing IP Activity Over Years (Assignee versus earliest priority year)

Top Assignees

  • Council of Scientific & Industrial Research found to be the Top assignee with 3 patents.
  • For 2 patent / publications Asssignee name is not available.
Graph showing Top assignee names

Patent Focus

  • Patents focusing on Composition.
  • Patents focusing on Methods.
  • Patents focusing on Composition and Methods.
  • Patents focusing on process of prepration.
Graph showing patents focusing on composition / methods or Both

Action of Choline bitartrate containing Compositions

Choline Bitartarate Patents categorised as per formulation

Product form Patent/publication Patent focus Ingredients other than Choline Bitartarate Application
Beverage / liquid / Drink US20040005368A1 Composition and Method 1. At least one substance that enhance oxygen uptake such as Gingko A, Caffeine, Green Tea, L-pyroglutamate, Xanthinol nicotinate.
2. A protein supplement. 		Used for weight loss.
US20040191294A1 Composition, Method, Process of prepration 1. one or more omega 3 fatty acids.
2. milk or milk-based products . 		lowers levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
US20060121158A1 Composition 1. A first ingredient comprising at least one of a polyol, a fiber or a combination thereof.
2. Second ingredient comprising calcium.
3. Third ingredient comprising at least one of flavanol, stimulant and antioxidant. 		Used for weight management.
US5626849A Composition and Method An essentially dry mixture of chromium, L-carnitine, gamma-linolenic acid, (-) hydroxycitric acid, inositol, antioxidants and herbs. A dietary supplement to help facilitate weight loss
US5904948A Composition and Process of prepration An protein component and a carbohydrate component. Nutritional Supplement
WO2006052231A1 Composition and Process of prepration Sugar including the carbohydrates, fructose and maltodextrin, and electrolytes chromium, copper, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and citric acid. Restoring human growth hormone.
US20050171034A1 Composition and Method Betaine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, and N-acetyl-cysteine. Promotes decrease of homocysteine levels in humans.
US20060241077A1 Composition and Method A uridine, an acyl derivative thereof, a uridine phosphate, uracil, or a salt thereof; Ameliorating or inhibiting decline in memory or intelligence.
US20070065456A1 Composition Wasabia japonica, Silybum marianum, Cynara scolymus. Nutritional supplement for a human diet.
US20070248696A1 Composition and Method Dimethylaminoethanol, cytidine 5’-diphosphocholine, turmeric extract, decaffeinated green tea extract, vitamin B1,B5, B6, B12,folic acid, Dimethylglycine, huperzine A, Griffonia simplicifolia extract and 1-phenylalanine. Improves neuromuscular facilitation and enhances cognitive functions, such as memory and mental focus.
US20080317868A1 Composition An energy content, a protein fraction, a lipids fraction, a nucleotide fraction and a mineral fraction. An anti-allergic infant formulation.
US4497800A Composition A protein equivalent, a suitable lipid, a carbohydrate component , essential vitamins , minerals and an emulsion stabilizer. Providing nourishment for a human patient in need of such nourishment .
US4499076A Composition Essential amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins namely vitamin A, B1, B6, B12, C, D2, E, K1, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid amide, biotin, folic acid or choline bitartrate and minerals. New elemental diets for liver diseases.
US4837219A Composition, Method, Process of prepration L-Tyrosine, L-Phenylalanime, L-Leucine, Zinc (from Zinc Gluconate) and Copper (from Copper Gluconate). A medication for Alzheimer’s disease.
US5437880A Composition Digestible saccharide and a carotenoid. A health drink
WO1994015488A2 Composition Carbohydrate, electrolyte, ammonia neutralizer, energy enhancer namely choline Bitartrate and others , antioxidant, neuromuscular function enhancer.
Foodstuff US20050208191A1 Composition and Process of prepration Whole wheat, Roasted (defatted) soy Peanut paste, Sesame seed paste Sesame seed , Wheat germ (roasted), Non fat dry milk, Sugar Powder, Liquid, Lecithin, Sodium Chloride, mmonium bicarbonate, vitamins and others. Nutritious baked snack food with high protein content
WO2005087018A1 Composition and Process of prepration vegetable sources as wheat flout, roasted peanut paste, sesame seed, soybean flour and well balanced mixture of vitamins, minerals and others. Food stuff for children and adult supplementing their nutritional requirement.

Choline Bitartarate containing compositions

Patent Analysis Sheets

  • Click here for list of ingredients that are in combination with Choline Bitartarate, obtained from Patents.

Scientific Literature Analysis

S.No. Title Citations Publication Date Results / Statastical data Dolcera Summary
1 Effect of choline supplementation on fatigue in trained cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 May;27(5):668-73. 1995-05-01 1. Twenty male cyclists (ages 23-29) with maximal aerobic power (VO2max) between 58 and 81 ml.min-1.kg-1 were randomly divided into BRIEF (N = 10) and PROLONGED (N = 10) groups.
2. One hour after drinking a beverage with or without choline bitartrate (2.43 g), cyclists began riding at a power output equivalent to approximately 150% (BRIEF) and 70% (PROLONGED) of VO2max at a cadence of 80-90 rpm.
3.Time to exhaustion, indirect calorimetry and serum choline, lactate, and glucose were measured. 		Trained cyclists do not deplete choline during supramaximal brief or prolonged submaximal exercise, nor do they benefit from choline supplementation to delay fatigue under given conditions.

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