[[Image:cdma20.jpg|thumb|600px|center|Rate matching and QoS]]
The rate matching step in above figure is essentially implemented by repetition or puncturing, SEIMENS has proposed an algorithm to ETSI, to obtain a non-integer punture/repetition ratio referenced SM/G2/UMTS-L1/Tdoc428/98 and it is given as follows. This algorithm is used as a standard approach for Rat e Matching.
[[Image:cdma21.jpg|thumb|600px|center|Rate matching algorithm by SEIMENS]]
===Power Control, Rate Matching and QoS===