Changes

===Transactional programming models===*[http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2007/2007-08-13_transactional_memory.html Transactional programming models] can be supported in software using software-based transactional memory (STM), in hardware using hardware- based transactional memory (HTM), or in a combination of the two (Hybrid TM, or HyTM).**[Diabetes Overviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_transactional_memory Software based Transactional memory](STM) can allow sequences of concurrent operations to be combined into atomic transactions, thereby reducing the complexity of both programming and verification. STM is a scheme for concurrent programming with multiple threads that uses transactions similar to those used in databases.**Hardware based Transactional memory (HTM) system requires no read or write barriers within the transaction code. The hardware manages data versions and tracks conflicts transparently.**[http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~fedorova/papers/asplos165-damron.pdf Hybrid Transactional memory]==(HyTM) implements Transactional memory in software so that it can use best-effort Hardware Transactional memory (HTM) to boost performance but does not depend on HTM.

===Total Prevalence of Diabetes & Pre-diabetes (US)Software based Transactional memory===* '''Total''': 20Software transactional memory (STM) is implemented in software.8 million children All speculative STM transactional data is stored in the system memory and adults indicated to be in a non-- 7committed state.0% of When the population -- have diabetesSTM transaction commits, any data the transaction writes is indicated as committed and subsequently available to other threads and transactions.* '''Diagnosed''': 14.6 million people* '''Undiagnosed''': 6.2 million people* '''Pre-diabetes''': 54 million people* 1.5 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed In certain STM systems, a flag may be set to indicate the data as committed and accessible and available in people aged 20 years or older in 2005memory to other transactions. ([http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics/prevalence.jsp Source])

===Calories and food consumption - US=DracoSTM====<table> <tr> <td>[*[imagehttp:calories consumption.jpeg|thumb|center|380 px]] </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[image:food consumptioneces.colorado.jpeg|thumb|center|400 px]] <edu/td> <td> <~gottschl/td> <dracoSTM/tr> <tr> <td>[[image:Milk.jpeg|thumb|center|380 px]] <pubs/td> <td>[[image:Fat consumptionlcsd07-dracostm.jpeg|thumb|center|400 pxpdf DracoSTM]] </td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[image:Vegetablesis a high performance lock-based C++ Software Transactional memory research library.jpeg|thumb|center|380 px]] </td> <td>[[image:FruitsDracoSTM uses only native object-oriented language semantics, increasing its intuitiveness for developers while maintaining high programmability via automatic handling of composition, locks and transaction termination.jpeg|thumb|center|400 px]] </td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[image:Meat products*DracoSTM is a lock-based STM system.jpeg|thumb|center|380 px]] </td> <td>[[image:Sweetener consumptionAt its core, DracoSTM uses one lock per thread to implement transactional reads and writes. This allows multiple transactions to simultaneously read and write without blocking other transactions’ progress.jpeg|thumb|center|400 px]] </td> </tr></table>

===Maintaining a healthy weight is a challenge for most Americans=Dynamic STM (DSTM)====*66[http://research.3% of the adult population in the US weigh more than sun.com/scalable/pubs/PODC03.pdf Dynamic Software Transactional Memory (DSTM)] is healthy Where you carry your fat a low-level application programming interface (API) for syn-chronizing shared data without using locks.*DSTM supports dynamic-sized data structures. DSTM has non-blocking implementation. The non-blocking property is importantobstruction-freedom. Fat in Dynamic means that the mid-section – visceral fat – set of locations accessed by the transaction is worse, as this fat surrounds not known in advance and invades vital organsis determined during its execution. Few Americans add muscle and bone after their early twenties so nearly all added weight is fat* Daily caloric intake is the number of calories needed per day DSTM techniques allow transactions and transactional objects to maintain your current weightbe created dynamically. Maintaining a healthy weight is a balancing act Transactions may determine the sequence of calories consumed versus calories burnedWeight change = calories objects to access based on the values observed in – calories out* Small increases objects accessed earlier in daily caloric intake cause increases in body fat mass (Figure 1)[[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_01the same transaction.png|Figure 1. Cumulative effect DSTM is well suited to the implementation of small daily imbalances in energy intake on body fat mass]]dynamic-sized data structures such as lists and trees.

* From 1971-2000 there was a statistically significant increase in average caloric intake—2,450 kcals to ====Dynamic Software Transactional Memory 2,618 kcals in men (''P ''<nowiki><</nowiki> 0.01) and 1,541 kcals to 1,877 kcals in women (''P ''<nowiki><</nowiki> 0.01) (Figure 2DSTM2)====*[[Imagehttp:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_02//research.png|Figure 2sun. Caloric intake from 1971-2000]com/scalable/pubs/OOPSLA2006.pdf DSTM2]is a Java-based software library that provides a flexible framework for implementing STM. DSTM2 significantly improves the programming interface of its predecessor DSTM. The code is provided in Java libraries and any Java programmer can use it easily. DSTM2 allows researchers to plug in their STM implementations and directly compare them with others.*The DSTM2 library assumes that multiple concurrent threads share data objects. The DSTM2 library provides a new kind of thread that can execute transactions, which access shared atomic objects. DSTM2 threads provide methods for creating new atomic classes and executing transactions.

====Nonblocking Software Transactional Memory====* Today, adult men and adult women are almost 25 pounds heavier than 40 years ago (Figure 2)[http://research. Children aged 6sun.com/scalable/pubs/PPoPP2008-11 NBSTM.pdf Nonblocking STMs] are almost 9 pounds heavierobstruction free. Teen boys Nonblocking Software Transactional Memory guarantees that, if a transaction is repeatedly retried and girls are 15 and 12 pounds heavier respectivelyeventually encounters no interference from other transactions, topping then eventually the scales in 2002 at 141 pounds and 130 poundstransaction commits successfully.* Obesity ranks low on the list Nonblocking STM “steals” ownership of serious health problems. Only 9% of respondents to a national survey indicated their own weight was a problemmemory location from another transaction, despite rather than waiting for the other transaction to explicitly release it. Accessing stolen locations is more complicated and expensive than 50% were overweight[[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_03accessing unstolen ones, but stealing is worthwhile in order to avoid waiting for another transaction that is delayed for a long time.png|Figure 3. Mean weight for men and women over the last 40 years]]

* As the average daily caloric intake has increased, the percentage of caloric intake from fat decreased, and the percentage from carbohydrates increased significantly for both men and women (Figures 4 and 5) [[Image====<span style="color:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_04.png|Figure 4. Percentage of caloric intake from fat from 1971-2000]] [[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_05.png|Figure 5. Percentage of caloric intake from carbohydrates from 1971-2000]] '''Dietary habits can help pile on the pounds''' * Consumption of food away from home, increased consumption of salty snacks, soft drinks and pizza, and increased portion sizes have contributed to increased caloric intake* Over the last 20 years portions have grown significantly** With the exception of white bread, the sizes of marketplace portions exceed federal standards by at least a factor of 2 and sometime 8<sup#C41E3A"><nowiki>[Like this report?</nowikispan>====</supp align="center">o Items in fast food restaurants are 2 to 5 times larger than 2 decades ago due to the increased variety of available portion sizes[[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_06.png|Figure 6. Increase in portion size from 1977-1996]]* The increases in portion size are significant and result in more calories consumed. An added 10 kcal/day of unexpended energy is equivalent to an extra pound of weight per year (Figure 6) '''Americans need to pay more attention to what we eat and our activity levels'''* Recent guidelines from the American Heart Association focus on both a healthy diet and healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease* Recommended calorie intake will differ for individuals based on age, gender, and activity level, as seen in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005, available at: [http://www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines].* Lifestyle activity levels are directly tied to calorie consumption in the body. Lifestyle activity levels have been defined as:** Sedentary means a lifestyle that includes This is only the light physical activity associated with typical day-to-day life** Moderately active means a lifestyle that includes physical activity (consuming 3.5 to 7 calories/min) equivalent to walking about 1.5 to 3 miles per day at 3 to 4 miles per hour, in addition to the light physical activity associated sample report with typical day-to-day life** Active means a lifestyle that includes physical activity (consuming <nowiki>></nowiki> 7 calories/minute) equivalent to walking more than 3 miles per day at 3 to 4 miles per hour, in addition to the light physical activity associated with typical day-to-day life * The recent Dietary Reference Intakes publication recommends** Fat intake:*** 30% to 40% kcal in children 1 to 3 years*** 25% to 35% kcal in children 4 to 18 years*** 20% to 35% kcal in adults** Protein intake:*** 5% to 20% kcal in children 1 to 3 years old*** 10% to 30% kcal in children 4 to 18 years old*** 10% to 35% kcal in adults** Carbohydrate intake:*** 45% to 65% kcal in all children and adults brief analysis'''Diet and exercise can make a difference in your overall health'''* Weight reduction requires a careful balance of fat, protein and carbohydrate intake (Figure 7)[[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_07.png|Figure 7. Nutrient content of a weight-reducing diet]]* The Nurse<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study demonstrated that middle-aged women and men who gained 11-22 pounds after age 20 were up to 3 times more likely to develop heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and gallstones than those who gained 5 pounds or fewer* Weight loss of 5% to 15% of total body weight can lower an individual<nowiki>’</nowiki>s chance of heart disease or having a stroke, as weight loss may improve blood pressure, triglycerides, cholesterol levels, decrease inflammation throughout the body, and improve mental health and quality of life. Moderate intentional weight loss sustained over time may be associated with reduced mortality* Only 8% of American adults are aware of the link between overweight and cancer.<br>Overweight leads to insulin resistance and may be linked to breast cancer, aggressive prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and endometrial, kidney, pancreatic and esophagus cancer as well as lymphomas* Higher levels of physical activity promote long-term weight loss better than conventional recommendations for low to moderate activity (Figure 8)[[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_08.png|Figure 8. Effect of physical activity on body weight]]* People who exercise regularly achieve better maintenance of weight loss and have beneficial effects on their cardiovascular, physical and psychological well-being* Compared to a low-fat diet or conventional weight loss diet, a low-carbohydrate diet program had better participant retention and greater weight loss—there were beneficial effects on serum triglyceride levels and high density lipoprotein as well as improved glycemic control* Diet and exercise may prevent or delay the onset of diabetes** Modest weight loss and changes in lifestyle reduced the 3-year incidence of type 2 diabetes by 58%** Weight loss strategies using dietary, physical activity or behavioral interventions produced significant improvements in weight among person with pre-diabetes, and a significant decrease in diabetes incidence* Dietary guidelines encourage eating fewer calories, being more active and making wise food choices. Making wise food choices involves a careful look at nutrition labels and calories consumed. Carbohydrates and protein each contain 4 calories/gram while alcohol and fat contain 7 calories and 9 calories per gram, respectively. Don<nowiki>’</nowiki>t waste the daily allotment with empty calories – calories do count ===The Universe for Reducing Calories is Expanding==='''Prevalence of overweight and obese adults is increasing'''* Obesity among all ages, races, educational levels, and smoking levels is increasing* Between 1991 and 2001 prevalence of obesity increased by 74% – 21.4 million obese men and 22.9 million obese women* During this same time period the percentage of overweight adults increased from 45% to 58%* In 2004, obese adults represented ≥ 25% of the adult population in 9 of the 50 states (Figure 1)[[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_09.png|Figure 1. Prevalence of obesity among US adults, 1991, 1996 and 2004.]] * In 2003, more than 136,000,000 American adults were overweight, and this number continues to grow* Recent evidence suggests that increases in body weight in women may be leveling off, though no specific reason for the trend was given '''Prevalence of overweight among children has tripled'''* Figure 2 shows the change in percent of overweight children, 6-12 and 12-19 years of age, from data analyzed in the mid 1960s and at the turn of the century* In 2003-2004, '''''17.1% of children and adolescents 2-19 years of age (over 12.5 million) were overweight'''''* Prevalence of overweight among girls increased from 13.8% in 1999 to 16.0% in 2004* Prevalence of overweight among boys increased from 14.0% to 18.2% during the same time frame* Overweight is associated with Dolcera can provide a number of comorbidities in children* Metabolic, orthopedic, cardiovascular, psychological, neurological, hepatic, pulmonary and renal comorbid conditions can exist[[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_10.png|Figure 2. Prevalence of pediatric obesity]] '''Body mass index (BMI), calculated with height and weight, is used comprehensive report customized to define overweight and obesityyour needs''' * The NHLBI defines underweight, normal weight, overweight and 3 classes of obesity based on BMI (Table 1)* BMI = kg/m<sup>2</supp> <nowiki>{</nowiki>BMI = weight (pounds) x 703 ÷ height squared (inches)<nowiki>}</nowiki>* BMI and waist circumference correlate with the amount of body fat; both are surrogate markers of body fat '''Table 1. Defining overweight and obesity.''' {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"|align = "center"|'''Classifications of BMI'''|align = "center"|'''BMI'''|-|align style= "centerbackground:lightgrey"|Underweight|align = "center"|<nowiki><</nowiki> 18.5 kg/m²|-|align colspan = "center3"|Normal weight|align = "center"|18'''[mailto:info@dolcera.5-24.5 kg/mcom ²|-|align span style= "centercolor:#0047AB"|Overweight|align = "center"|25-29.9 kg/m<sup>2Buy the customized report from Dolcera</supspan>]'''

|align = "center"|Obesity (Class 1)[http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]|align = "center"|30[http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-30research-services Market Research Services]|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.4 kgcom/m<sup>2<website_prod/sup>tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]

|align = "center"|Obesity (Class 2)[http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]|align = "center"|35[http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-39processes Dolcera Processes]|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.9 kgcom/m<sup>2<website_prod/sup>industries Industry Focus]

|align = "center"|Extreme obesity (Class 3)[http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]|align = "center"|<nowiki>><[http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]|align = "center"| [http://nowiki> 40 kgwww.dolcera.com/m<sup>2<website_prod/sup>tools Dolcera Tools]

=====Wait-free transactional memory=====*'''Obesity and weight gain are associated with an increased risk of diabetesWait-free transactional memory:'''A transactional memory implementation is wait-free if all its operations are wait-free and any thread that repeatedly attempts to commit transactions eventually performs a successful commit.* Prevalence '''Wait-freedom''': An implementation of obesity from 1991 to 2001 correlates with the increased prevalence an operation is wait-free if after a finite number of diabetes(Figure 4)* Between 1990 and 2001 the prevalence steps of diabetes increased 61%[[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_12.png|Figure 4. Prevalence any execution of obesity and diabetes among US adultsthat operation, 1991 and 2001that operation execution completes (irrespective of the timing behavior of any concurrent operation executions).]]

=====Obstruction-free transactional memory=====* In 2003'''Obstruction-free transactional memory:''' A transactional memory implementation is obstruction-free if all its operations are obstruction-free and if some thread repeatedly attempts to commit transactions, 14and runs in isolation after some point,100,000 Americans had been diagnosed with diabetesthen it eventually performs a successful commit. * More than 80% '''Obstruction-freedom:''' An implementation of type 2 diabetes patients are either overweight or obese* Diabetic women are at increased risk an operation is obstruction-free if every operation execution that executes in isolation after some point completes after a finite number of major cardiovascular disease and represent the only group where cardiovascular mortality is increasingsteps.

===Hardware based Transactional memory===*HTM comprises hardware transactions implemented entirely in processor hardware. For hardware transactions, data may be stored in hardware registers and cache, such that all cache actions are done atomically in hardware and data in the HTM is only written to the main memory upon committing the transaction. The HTM holds all the speculative writes without propagating to the main system memory, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM) device, until the transaction commits. If the hardware transaction aborts, then the cache lines holding the tentative writes in the HTM are discarded. HTM hardware transactions may utilize cache coherency protocols to detect and manage conflicts between HTM hardware transactions. The cache coherency protocols keep track of accesses within a hardware transaction. If two hardware transactions are accessing a same memory location, then the HTM aborts one transaction if there is a conflict, else the transaction's changes may be committed to the system memory.*HTM transactions usually require less overhead then STM transactions because HTM transactions occur entirely in hardware. HTM transactions may be limited to smaller transactions due to hardware limitations, whereas STM transactions can handle large and longer transactions. [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070143287%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070143287&RS=DN/20070143287 Source]*The multi-core processor ''There 'Rock''' supports [http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/TRANSACT2008-ATMTP-Apps.pdf Hardware Transactional Memory] (HTM).*'''Rock'''’s HTM feature is an important but modest first step in integrating HTM support into a progression from normal blood sugar to type 2 diabetesmainstream commercial multi-core processor.*'''Rock''' supports HTM with two new instructions, chkpt and commit, and a new checkpoint status (cps) register. A transaction is started by a chkpt instruction, and is terminated by either a commit instruction or the failure of the transaction. If a transaction fails, some indication of the cause of failure is stored in the cps register, and control is transferred to the PC-relative offset (fail pc) specified by the chkpt instruction.

* Prediabetes is a new term for a condition found in adults before they are diagnosed with diabetes====Adaptive Transactional Memory Test Platform====* Prediabetes is characterized by higher than normal blood glucose levels, either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes* Almost all diabetic patients go through a phase called impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (Figure 5)[The [Imagehttp:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_13//www.png|Figure 5cs. Progression to diabeteswisc.edu/gems/doc/gems-wiki/moin.cgi/ATMTP Adaptive Transactional Memory Test Platform]]* Based on projected NHANES III data, the number of prediabetic individuals was almost 12 million in 2000 among overweight individuals (Figure 6ATMTP)*• Patients with prediabetes have provides a first-order approximation of the potential to develop diabetes within a decade if no modifications success and failure characteristics of transactions on '''Rock'''. ATMTP will allow developers to test and tune their diet and level of physical activity are madecode for '''Rock'''.* Over 50 million adults ages 40ATMTP correctly models '''Rock'''’s HTM-74 have prediabetesrelated instructions, and fairly accurately reflects most of which 1 in 4 the circumstances that cause '''Rock''' transactions to fail. ATMTP provides a good platform for experimenting with HTM-based code that will develop type 2 diabetes[[Image:Maintaining_a_healthy_weight_is_a_challenge_for_most_Americans_14behave similarly on '''Rock'''.png|Figure 6. Proportion of overweight adults with IFG only, IFG and IGT, and IGT only]]

====Unbounded Hardware Transactional Memory (UHTM)====* Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors is high among patients with prediabetes[http:** 94//supertech.9% had dyslipidemia** 56csail.5% had hypertension** 13mit.9% had microalbuminuria** 16edu/papers/xaction.6% were current smokers* Prediabetes increases a person<nowiki>’</nowiki>s risk pdf UHTM] is commited in-cache. When not possible, hardware “spills” transaction information into memory, allowing (essentially) unbounded transactions. UTM is more appealing for an MI or stroke programmer, but is significantly more complicated. Unbounded means that there is no limit on the number of locations accessed by 50%the transaction.

'''Obesity and diabetes ====Split Hardware Transaction (SpHT)====*The [http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/PPoPP2008-SpHT.pdf Split Hardware Transaction (SpHT])uses minimal software support to combine multiple segments of an atomic block, each executed using a separate hardware transaction, into one atomic operation. The idea of segmenting transactions can be prevented'''used for many purposes, including nesting, local retry, or Else, and user-level thread scheduling. SpHT overcomes the limited expressive power of best-effort HTM while imposing overheads dramatically lower than STM and preserving useful guarantees such as strong atomicity provided by the underlying HTM.

* The 1979 Surgeon General<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Report, ''Healthy People'', laid the foundation for a national prevention agenda to ensure that good health, as well as long life, are enjoyed by all====Virtualized Transactional Memory (VTM)====* The Healthy People 2010 objective is to reduce the prevalence of '''''obesity among adults to <nowiki><<[http:/nowiki> 15%, and to have <nowiki>></nowiki> 60% of the adult population in the normal weight range'''''* Another Healthy People 2010 objective is to reduce the number of '''''overweight or obese children and adolescents aged 6www.cs.wisc.edu/trans-memory/misc-papers/moir:hybrid-19 years to 5%'''''* The American Diabetes Association recommends that all overweight people 45 years of age or older with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose should be classified as having prediabetes and that they are potential candidates for diabetes prevention interventions* The Diabetes Prevention Program tm:tr:2005.pdf Virtualized TM (DPPVTM) showed that diet ] maintains atomicity and exercise resulting in isolation even if a 5 to 7 percent weight loss lowered transaction is interrupted by a cache overflow or a system event. VTM maps the incidence of type 2 diabetes by 58%**Participants lost weight by cutting fat and calories in their diet and by exercising at least 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week== The Essential Elements of Diet Menus key bookkeeping data structures for Diabetes==Diet menus for diabetes need to be* Low** in fatstransactional execution (read set, particularly saturated write set, write buffer or animal fats**in whiteundo-log) to virtual memory, refined flour**in cholesterol**in calories, since obesity dramatically increases which is effectively unbounded and is unaffected by system interruptions. The hardware caches hold the risk working set of heart disease**these data structures. VTM also suggested the use of hardware signatures to avoid redundant searches through structures in simple or refined sugars**in sodium, particularly if elevated blood pressure has already been identifiedvirtual memory.

* High**in complex carbohydrates, particularly those containing raw fiber. For example: brown bread, brown rice**in fresh fruits and vegetables====[http://weightlossinternationalresearch.microsoft.com/newsletter~larus/dietPapers/p80-menuslarus.pdf Conflict detection]====*HTM systems rely on a computer’s cache hierarchy and the cache coherence protocol to implement conflict detection. Caches observe all reads and writes issued by a processor, can buffer a significant amount of data, and can be searched efficiently because of their associative organization. All HTMs modify the first-forlevel caches, but the approach extends to higher-diabeteslevel caches, both private and shared.*Conflict detection occurs as other processors receive the coherence messages from the committing transaction. Hardware looks up the received block address in the local caches. If the block is in a cache and has its R or W bit set, there is a read-write or a write-write conflict between the committing and the local transaction. The hardware signals a software handler, which aborts the local transaction and potentially retries it after a backoff period.*'''Direct memory updates:''' For direct updates, the hardware transparently logs the original value in a memory block before its first modification by a transaction. If the transaction aborts, the log is used to undo any memory updates.*'''Early conflict detection :''' For early conflict detection, the hardware acquires exclusive access to the cache block on the first write and maintains it until the transaction commits.html Source]

==Food constituents=====CarbohydratesHybrid Transactional memory (HyTM)===Carbohydrates come from a wide array of foods - bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, corn, and cherry pie. *The most common and abundant are sugars, fibersHyTM approach is to provide an STM implementation that does not depend on hardware support beyond what is widely available today, and starches. The basic building block of a carbohydrate also to provide the ability to execute transactions using whatever HTM support is available in such a sugar molecule, a simple union way that the two types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygentransactions can coexist correctly. Starches *The key idea to achieving correct interaction between software transactions and fibers are essentially chains of sugar moleculeshardware transactions is to augment hardware transactions with additional code that ensures that the transaction does not commit if it conflicts with an ongoing software transaction.

Carbohydrates were grouped into two main categories:====Phased Transactional Memory (PhTM)====* Simple carbohydrates included sugars such as fruit sugar [http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/TRANSACT2007-PhTM.pdf Phased Transactional Memory (fructosePhTM])supports switching between different “phases”, corn or grape sugar (dextrose or glucose), and table sugar (sucrose)each implemented by a different form of transactional memory support. * Complex carbohydrates included everything made PhTM allows to adapt between a variety of three or more linked sugarsdifferent transactional memory implementations.

[[image:diabetes food pyramid.jpeg|center|600 px|thumb|Diabetes Food Pyramid ====Nonblocking Zero-Indirection Transactional Memory (NZTM)====*[http://wwwresearch.diabetessun.orgcom/nutrition-and-recipesscalable/nutritionpubs/foodpyramidTRANSACT2007-NZTM.jsp Source]pdf Nonblocking Zero-Indirection Transactional Memory (NZTM)]]'''Examples'''* Simple Carbohydrates** Fruit juices** Jamsis a nonblocking, jellies** Candy** Sugar, maple syrup, honey** Sweeteners in food: dextrose, high fructose, corn syrup** Koolzero-indirection object-Aid** Cakes, pies, cookies, ice cream, pudding * Complex Carbohydrates** Whole grain breads, crackers** Rice** Pasta** Tortillas** Beans** Corn, peas, lima beansbased hybrid transactional memory system. NZTM can execute transactions using best-effort hardware transactional memory or by using compatible software transactional memory system.

Foods contain three major types of nutrients====[http: carbohydrates //research.microsoft.com/~larus/Papers/p80-larus.pdf Hardware-Accelerated STM (carbsHASTM), proteins and fats]====*Hardware-Accelerated STM (HASTM) system proposes hardware support to reduce the overhead of STM instrumentation. Carbohydrate foods most often come from plants, such as fruits, vegetables The supplementary hardware allows software to build fast filters that could accelerate the common case of read set maintenance.*HASTM provides the STM with two capabilities through per-thread mark bits at the granularity of cache blocks. *'''Conflict detection:''' Software can check if a mark bit was previously set for a given block of memory and grainsthat no other thread wrote to the block since it was marked. Carbohydrates are chains *'''Validation:''' Software can query if potentially there were writes by other threads to any of sugar molecules; thus, they have the greatest effect on blood-sugar levels when these chains are digested (broken down)memory blocks that the thread marked.

Complex carbohydrates are longer chains of sugars====[http://research. They are absorbed more slowly into the blood and cause a slower change in blood sugar than simple carbohydratesmicrosoft. 90com/~larus/Papers/p80-100% of the carbohydrate larus.pdf Signature-Accelerated STM (CHOSigTM) eaten converts to sugar (glucose) within 15 minutes to 1.5 hours. Only 58% of the ingested protein, and less than 10% of fat, are converted into sugar within several hours after consumption. ]====*[http://wwwportal.mfm-evmsacm.org/dm6acarbsdiabetescitation.html Sourcecfm?id=1250673 Signature-Accelerated STM (SigTM)]uses hardware signatures to encode the read set and write set for software transactions. A hardware Bloom filter outside of the caches computes the signatures.b Software instrumentation provides the filters with the addresses of the objects read or written within a transaction. To detect conflicts, hardware in the computer monitors coherence traffic for requests for exclusive accesses to a cache block, which indicates a memory update. [[image:carbohydrates types*The hardware tests if the address in a request is potentially in a transaction’s read or write set by examining the transaction’s signatures. If so, the memory reference is a potential conflict and the STM can either abort a transaction or turn to software validation.jpeg|center|thumbs|800 px]]

==Search strategy===== English Search concepts==={|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="4%"| <center>'''Glycemic IndexS. No.'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Transactional memory'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Atomic memory transactions'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Concurrency control'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Shared memory access'''</center>

The glycemic index measures how fast a food is likely to raise your blood sugar|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0. This can be helpfu079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>| style="padding:0. For example, if your blood sugar is low and continuing to drop during exercise, you would prefer to eat a carb that will raise your blood sugar quickly079cm;"| Transactional memory| style="padding:0. On the other hand, if you would like to keep your blood sugar from dropping during a few hours of mild activity, you may prefer to eat a carb that has a lower glycemic index and longer action time079cm;"| Atomic memory transactions| style="padding:0. If your blood sugar tends to spike after breakfast, you may want to select a cereal that has a lower glycemic index079cm;"| Concurrency control| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Shared memory synchronization

|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Factors that influence how quickly the carbohydrates in food raise blood sugar include:2'''</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Transactional execution AND memory| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Atomically memory accesses| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Concurrent computing| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Shared memory access

* Fiber content. Fiber shields the starchy carbohydrates in food immediate and rapid attack by digestive enzymes. This slows the release of sugar molecules into the bloodstream|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>* Ripeness. Ripe fruits and vegetables tend to have more sugar than unripe ones, and so tend to have a higher glycemic index| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Hybrid transactional memory* Type of starch. Starch comes in many different configurations. Some are easier to break into sugar molecules than others. The starch in potatoes, for example, is digested and absorbed into the bloodstream relatively quickly| style="padding:0.079cm;"| * Fat content and acid content. The more fat or acid a food contains, the slower its carbohydrates are converted to sugar and absorbed into the bloodstream| style="padding:0.079cm;"| * Physical form. Finely ground grain is more rapidly digested, and so has a higher glycemic index, than more coarsely ground grain| style="padding:0.079cm;"|

|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Carbohydrates and the Glycemic Load4'''* Low Glycemic Load** High-fiber fruits and vegetables (not including potatoes)** Bran cereals (1 oz)** Many legumes, including chick peas, kidney beans, black beans, lentils, pinto beans (5 oz cooked, approx. 3</4 cup)center>* Medium Glycemic Load** Pearled barley| style="padding: 1 cup cooked0.079cm;"| Software transactional memory** Brown rice| style="padding: 3/4 cup cooked0.079cm;"| ** Oatmeal| style="padding: 1 cup cooked0.079cm;"| ** Bulgur| style="padding: 3/4 cup cooked** Rice cakes: 3 cakes** Whole grain breads: 1 slice** Whole-grain pasta: 1 ¼ cup cooked** No-sugar added fruit juices: 8 oz* High Glycemic Load** Baked potato** French fries** Refined cereal products: 1 oz** Sugar-sweetened beverages: 12 oz** Jelly beans: 10 large or 30 small** Candy bars: 1 2-oz bar or 3 mini bars** Couscous: 1 cup cooked** Cranberry juice cocktail: 8 oz** White basmati rice: 1 cup cooked** White-flour pasta: 1¼ cup cooked0.079cm;"|

|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Hardware transactional memory| style="padding:0.079cm;"| | style=Carbohydrates and Diabetes==="padding:0.079cm;"| | style="padding:0.079cm;"|

Research has shown that your total daily amount of carbohydrate intake affects your blood glucose levels=== French Search concepts==={|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0. Carbohydrates have the most immediate effect on blood glucose levels, since carbohydrates are broken down into glucose (sugar) early during digestion079cm;" width="4%"| <center>'''S. It is important to eat the suggested amount of carbohydrate at each meal, along with some protein, and fatNo.'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Transactional memory'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Atomic memory transactions'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Concurrency control'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Shared memory access'''</center>

Carbohydrates are mainly found in three food groups|-| style="background-color: Fruit#B6DDE8; Milk and Yogurtpadding:0.079cm; and Bread, Cereal, Rice, Pasta and Starchy Vegetables"| <center>'''1'''</center>| style="padding:0. You will need to consider the total amount of carbohydrates when working out your daily meal plan079cm;"| mémoire transactionnelle| style="padding:0. 079cm;"| opérations&nbsp;de mémoire&nbsp;atomique| style="padding:0.079cm;"| contrôle de&nbsp;concurrence| style="padding:0.079cm;"| La synchronisation de mémoire partagée

|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Carbohydrate counting2'''</center>Counting grams of carbohydrate and evenly distributing them at meals will help you manage your blood glucose| style="padding:0. Carbohydrate counting is a method of meal planning that is a simple way to keep track of the amount of total carbohydrate you eat each day079cm;"| l'exécution&nbsp;des transactions AND mémoire| style="padding:0. Instead of following an exchange list, you monitor how much carbohydrate (sugars and starches) you eat daily079cm;"| accès à la mémoire&nbsp;atomique| style="padding:0. One carbohydrate choice is equal to 15 grams of carbohydrate. Note079cm;"| programmation concurrente| style="padding: your consumption of protein and fat still counts as calories0.079cm;"| Accès à la mémoire partagée

With carbohydrate counting, you can pick up almost any food product off the shelf, read the label, and use the information about grams of carbohydrate to fit the food into your meal plan|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| hybride&nbsp;mémoire transactionnelle| style="padding:0.079cm;"| | style="padding:0.079cm;"| | style="padding:0.079cm;"|

Carbohydrate counting is most useful for people who take multiple daily injections of insulin, use an insulin pump, or who want more flexibility and variety in their food choices|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0. The amount and type of insulin you are prescribed may affect the flexibility of your meal plan079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| mémoire&nbsp;logiciel transactionnel| style="padding:0.079cm;"| | style="padding:0.079cm;"| | style="padding:0.079cm;"|

A registered dietitian can help you determine how much carbohydrate, as well as other foods, you should include in your daily meal plan|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| mémoire matérielle transactionnel| style="padding:0.079cm;"| | style="padding:0.079cm;"| | style="padding:0.079cm;"|

===FiberGerman Search concepts===Fiber is the indigestible part of plant foods that plays an important role in the digestive process{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0. Fiber helps move foods along the digestive tract and adds bulk to stool to speed its passage through the bowel and promote regular bowel movements079cm;" width="4%"| <center>'''S. Fiber also delays sugar absorption, helping to better control blood glucose levelsNo. In addition, fiber binds with cholesterol and may reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0. Lastly, fiber helps prevent constipation and reduces the risk of certain intestinal disorders079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Transactional memory'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Atomic memory transactions'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Concurrency control'''</center>| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Shared memory access'''</center>

The goal for all Americans is to consume 25 to 35 grams of fiber per day. The best way to increase your fiber intake is to eat more of these fiber|-rich foods| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>* Fresh fruits and vegetables| style="padding:0.079cm;"| transaktionalen Speicher* Cooked dried beans and peas| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Atom-Speicher-Transaktionen* Whole grain breads, cereals, and crackers| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Concurrency Kontrolle* Brown rice* Bran products| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Shared-Memory-Synchronisation

[http|-| style="background-color://www#B6DDE8;padding:0.clevelandclinic.org079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</health/health-info/docs/2600/2619.asp?index=9825 Source]center>| style===Cheese===* Glycemic Index"padding: 600.079cm;"| transaktionale&nbsp;Ausführung AND Speicher* Glycemic Index Rating| style="padding: Medium0.079cm;"| atomar&nbsp;Speicherzugriffe* Glycemic Response to Cheese Pizza| style="padding: Carbs in Cheese Pizza have a medium effect on blood sugar levels0.079cm;"| Concurrent&nbsp;Computing* Constituents| style="padding: protein, calcium, riboflavin and fat (as a cup of whole milk 0.079cm;"| Shared-Memory- Lactose sugar)Zugriff

|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>| style==Proteins==="padding:0.079cm;"| Hybrid&nbsp;transaktionalen SpeicherBeans and legumes are another excellent source of protein for humans. Beans do not contain all the essential amino acids when cooked in their usual manner, but through sprouting (link to sprouting) them you can enjoy a full spectrum of amino acids in an alkaline forming low glycemic index food| style="padding:0. [http079cm;"| | style="padding://www0.ortogo.com/php/learning/build_art079cm;"| | style="padding:0.php?67 Source]079cm;"|

|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>| style==Vegetables==="padding:0.079cm;"| Software&nbsp;transaktionalen SpeicherVegetables contain low glycemic, often considered “free food” carbohydrate sources| style="padding:0. [http079cm;"| | style="padding://www0.ortogo.com/php/learning/build_art079cm;"| | style="padding:0.php?67 Source]079cm;"|

|-| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Hardware transaktionalen Speicher| style=Legumes"padding:0.079cm;"| | style===Legumes are a dense source of carbohydrate and certain amino acids. They are rich in fiber which helps to keep you clean on the inside. Low on the glycemic index legumes are a great source of energy for an active body. Legumes"padding: Almost all legumes have a moderate glycemic index0. They also provide a source of water-soluble fiber that is valuable for lowering cholesterol. They also provide phytoestrogens, which may provide health benefits. [http079cm;"| | style="padding://www0.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_nhi4446/is_10/ai_n16083623/pg_6 Source]079cm;"|

Most sweeteners such as honey===Search strings==={|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" align="left"|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Concepts'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Scope'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Search string'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of hits'''|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|''' '''|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Transactional memory'''|rowspan = "3"|'''Search scope:''' US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP DE-C, molassesB DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; <br>'''Claims, sugar, and white grape juice concentrate tend to have a high glycemic index. Rice syrup and granulated rice sweeteners may be used instead. The artificial sweetener aspartame may increase insulin resistance over time. [httpTitle or Abstract'''<br>'''Years:'''1836-2008|(transactional ADJ memory) OR ((transactional ADJ execution) SAME memory)|align = "center"|'''167'''| |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Other Keywords'''|(atomic<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 NEAR2 memory NEAR2 (transaction<nowiki>*</www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_nhi4446/is_10nowiki>1 OR access<nowiki>*</ai_n16083623nowiki>2)) OR (((concurrency ADJ control) OR (concurrent ADJ computing)) WITH ((shared ADJ memory) AND (synchronization OR access<nowiki>*</pg_6 Source]nowiki>2)))|align = "center"|'''24'''| |-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Final'''|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2'''|align = "center"|'''82 unique (189 patents including families)'''| |-|}<br clear="all">

==Regulation of glycemic index IP Trend==Factors Affecting Glycemic Index of Foods are: *75 patents published in the last 10 years.===Soluble fiber===The gel-forming property of soluble fiber sources such as oats and barley has been proposed as *Patent filing is more in the mechanism by which these grains reduce both cholesterol and glucose and insulin responses.last 4 years(75 %)

The high viscosity of the solution containing oat gum was concluded to be the property which delays gastric emptying and/or intestinal absorption resulting in these lower responses===Starch structure===Starch is composed of long chains of glucose (amylose) and highly branched chains of glucose (amylopectin). Hydrolysis of amylose would therefore result in fewer glucose molecules’ being freed at once than the hydrolysis of the highly branched amylopectin chains. Thus, high amylose content grains result in lower glucose responses than those which have a high content of amylopectin.=== Particle size===Boiled whole kernels and larger particle sizes are associated with lower glucose and insulin responses for a variety of grain sources[[Image:Year_wise_graph-Transactional_memory.jpg|align|thumb|center|500px|Year wise graph]]

'''Potential mechanisms whereby high-glycemic-load diets could increase risk of type 2 diabetes'''==Key companies==[[image:Potential mechanisms whereby high-glycemic-load diets could increase risk of type 2 diabetes* Intel(26 patents) and Sun Microsystems (19 patents) are major players. * Microsoft(11 patents) and IBM(7 patents) are next to them.jpeg|thumb|center|800 px]]

==Overview of U.S. Food Customs and Terminology == [http[Image://www.uta.fi/FAST/US1/REF/usfoodAssignee_graph-Transactional_memory.html Sourcejpg|align|thumb|center|500px|Top Assignees]]

===Overview: Traditional "typical" meals===* Breakfast: O.J., bacon and eggs, sausage, pancakes, waffles, toast/french toast, cold cereals, oatmeal or cream of wheat, yogurt, applesauce, milk, coffee* Brunch: above plus bagels & lox, fruits, Danish rolls* Lunch: soup and sandwiches, cottage cheese, fruit* Sandwich types: BLT, PBJ, tuna salad, egg salad, hero, submarine, grinder, hoagy, poor-boy, "Dagwood sandwich", Reuben sandwish, corned-beef, pita* Dinner: fried chicken, steak, roast beef/pork, 2 vegetables (mashed potatos, corn, beans, peas, carrots, broccoli), tossed salad, cole slaw, jello "salads", dessert (apple pie [á la môde], cobbler, ice cream, cake).* Meal drinks: coffee, iced tea, [iced coffee], beer, wine, milk, water, soft drinks* Supper: hash, stew, hot sandwiches, leftovers --

==Top IPC and US Classes=Holiday meals===* Thanksgiving: turkey and dressing, cranberry sauce, sweet potato casserole, corn, beans, peas, pumpkin pie ...* Christmas: ham, turkey, fruitcake, mincemeat pie, Christmas stollen, egg nog, mulled wine,* Independence Day: picnics with hot dogs, hamburgers, potato chips, pickles, roasted marshmallows, potato salad, 3-bean salad, pork & beans, ice cream, pie* "Traditional" foods'''Top IPC class: succotash, squash, yams, sweet potatos, chili, corn bread, corn sticks, spoon bread, strawberry shortcake, fried catfish, sourdough bread ''' G06F

=== Food trends in recent years===* More fast[[Image:IPC_class-food restaurants, McDonalds, Burger King, ColTransactional_memory. Sanders' Kentucky Fried Chicken, Arby's Roast Beef, Long John Silver's seafood, Domino's Pizza, Pizza Hut, Godfather's Pizza, Taco Bell, Roy Rogers, Orange Julius, Subway Shoppe, Au Bon Pain* 24-hour 'convenience' restaurants, such as Denney's, Interstate Pancake House, Howard Johnson's (HoJo)* Oriental restarants — take-out or dine-in* "Power breakfasts," "brown-bag lunches," no-host bars* "De-caf" coffee (and tea), more consumption of fish, grilled swordfish, etc.; rise of Mexican food dishes jpg|align|thumb|center|500px|IPC class]]

===Vast differences in U.S. regional & ethnic food cultures===* German'''Top US class:''' 711, Polish707, Scandinavian cultures in Midwest* French cuisine around New Orleans712, Maine* Mexican/Spanish in Southwest717, Florida718* Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai in West/South* Indian, Pakistani, Afghan, Ethiopian, etc[[Image:US_class-Transactional_memory. in East* Native American Indian, etc., throughout U.S.* Cuban, Puerto Rican, South American in Florida jpg|align|thumb|center|500px|US class]]

===Selected Side Dishes===* Beans (baked, green, lima, string, wax, kidney, shell, fava)* Peas (green, in-the-pod, black-eyed, lentils, chickpeas)* Zzucchini, other squashes* Corn (on the cob, whole-kernel, creamed, hominy, grits)* Succotash (corn & lima beans together)* Rice (white, brown, wild; steamed, creamed, boiled, fried)* Broccoli, asparagus, okra, spinach, kohlrabi, turnips, chard* Noodles, macaroni, dumplings, potato pancakes* Cottage cheese, sliced fruit

==Sample analysis=Selected Soups={|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"* Clam chowder, chicken, chicken-noodle, black bean, pea|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">S.No.</font>* Tomato soup, creamed celery|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">Patent/potato soups, onionPublication No.</cheese soupsfont>* Gumbos, jambalayas, vichyssoise, Scotch broth, shrimp bisque |align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">Title</font>|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">Transactional memory</font>|align ="center" bgcolor ="#969696"|<font color=Selected Desserts"#00FFFF">Summary</font>|-|align ="center" bgcolor ="#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">1</font>* Various pies, cakes, cobblers, cookies, puddings, custards|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040015642%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040015642&RS=DN/20040015642 US20040015642A1]</u></font>* ice cream, sherbet, frozen yogurt, brownies, fudge, mousse|Software transactional memory for dynamically sizable shared data structures* fruit compotes, melons, baked alaska, muffins, crepes, soufflés |align = "center"|Dynamic STM (DSTM)|A software transactional memory that allows concurrent non-blocking access to a dynamically sizable data structure defined in shared storage managed by the software transactional memory is described. The implementation is called dynamic software transactional memory (DSTM). DSTM techniques allow transactions and transactional objects to be created dynamically. The non-blocking property considered here is obstruction-freedom.|-|align ="center" bgcolor ="#969696"|<font color=Party and Reception or other "Occasion#00FFFF" Foods>2</font>|align ="center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=* Hors PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d'oeuvres, dips, guacamole, pretzels, bread sticks, =PG01&p=1&S1=20060085591.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060085591&RS=DN/20060085591 US20060085591A1]</u></font>|Hybrid hardware and software implementation of transactional memory access|align = "center"|Phased Transactional Memory (cocktail party 'finger food'PhTM)* Chicken wings, quiches, meatballs, turkey |The invention relates to a hybrid hardware and software implementation of transactional memory accesses in a computer system. A processor including a transactional cache and a regular cache is utilized in a computer system that includes a policy manager to select one of a first mode (a hardware mode) or ham or chicken 'rolls' or 'logs'a second mode (a software mode) to implement transactional memory accesses. In the hardware mode the transactional cache is utilized to perform read and write memory operations and in the software mode the regular cache is utilized to perform read and write memory operations.* Frankfurters, potato chips & salad, dill pickles, french fries|-* Toasted marshmallows, peanut butter fudge/brittle, popcorn balls, |align = "s'morescenter"bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">3</font>* Frog legs, mountain oysters,  |align ="center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=Common Ethnic FoodsPTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070028056.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070028056&RS=DN/20070028056 US20070028056A1]</u></font>* Tortillas, enchiladas, tacos, burritos, tamales, nachos|Direct-update software transactional memory* Knockwurst, kielbasa, sauerkraut,|align = "center"|Dynamic STM (DSTM)* Lasagne, canneloni|A transactional memory programming interface allows a thread to directly and safely access one or more shared memory locations within a transaction while maintaining control structures to manage memory accesses to those same locations by one or more other concurrent threads. Each memory location accessed by the thread is associated with an enlistment record, pastas, manicotti, ravioli, vermicelli and each thread maintains a transaction log of its memory accesses.|-|align ="center" bgcolor ="#969696"|<font color=African-American "Soul#00FFFF" Food Examples>4</font>|align ="center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070156780.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070156780&RS=DN/20070156780 US20070156780A1]</u></font>* Black|Protecting shared variables in a software transactional memory system|align = "center"|Dynamic STM (DSTM)|For a variable accessed at least once in a software-eyed peas and ham hocksbased transactional memory system (STM) defined (STM-defined) critical region of a program, chitterlingsmodifying an access to the variable that occurs outside any STM-defined critical region system by starting a hardware based transactional memory based transaction, pork neck bones and sauerkrautwithin the hardware based transactional memory based transaction, fried catfishchecking if the variable is currently owned by a STM transaction, oxtail soup* BiscuitsIf the variable is not currently owned by a STM transaction, corn bread* Collard greensperforming the access and then committing the hardware based transactional memory transaction and if the variable is currently owned by a STM transaction, fried okra, gritsperforming a responsive action.* Sweet potato pie|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">5</font>|align ="center"|<font color=Wheat processing"#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=AX-rich fiber was extracted from the byproduct of wheatHITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-flour processingadv. Arabinoxylan html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070156994.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070156994&RS=DN/20070156994 US20070156994A1]</u></font>|Unbounded transactional memory systems|align = "center"|Unbounded Hardware Transactional Memory (AXUHTM) is a hemicellulose that has a xylose backbone with arabinose side chains. Postprandial glucose |Methods and insulin responses were improved by ingestion of AX-rich fiberapparatus to provide unbounded transactional memory systems are described. Further research Transactional memory is required implemented through a table lookup mechanism. To access a shared resource, a thread may first check a table stored in memory to determine whether AX-rich fiber another thread is accessing the same portion of benefit to people with type 2 diabetesthe shared resource. Accessing a table that is stored in memory may generate overhead that decreases performance.|-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">6</font>|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://wwwappft1.ajcnuspto.orggov/cginetacgi/contentnph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070239942.PGNR.&OS=DN/full20070239942&RS=DN/7120070239942 US20070239942A1]</5u></1123 Source]font>|Transactional memory virtualization|align ="center"|Virtualized Transactional Memory (VTM)|Methods and apparatus to provide transactional memory execution in a virtualized mode are described. Data corresponding to a transactional memory access request is stored in a portion of a memory after an operation corresponding to the transactional memory access request causes an overflow and a stored value may be updated for an occurrence of the overflow.|-|align =Digestive system"center" bgcolor ="#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">7<table /font>|align="center> "|<trfont color="#0000FF"> <tdu>[[imagehttp:digestion of food//appft1.jpeg|thumb|left|center|450 px]uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070300238.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070300238&RS=DN/20070300238 US20070300238A1] </tdu> <td/font>[[image:key|Adapting software programs to operate in software transactional memory environments|align = "center"|Dynamic Software Transactional Memory 2.gif0 (DSTM2)|thumbSoftware transactional memory is used in non-managed language environments and with legacy codes without requiring a software programmer to change the programming paradigm they are currently used to. STM adapter system automatically transforms all the binary code executed within that block to execute atomically. STM adapter system automatically transforms lock-based critical sections in existing binary code to atomic blocks,|right-|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|300 px]] <font color="#00FFFF">8</tdfont> |align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http:/tr/appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20080005504.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080005504&RS=DN/20080005504 US20080005504A1]</u></tablefont>[[Detailed information on breakdown of food |Global overflow method for virtualized transactional memory|align = "center"|Virtualized Transactional Memory (VTM)|A method and fat]]apparatus for virtualizing and/or extending transactional memory is described. Transactions are executed using local shared transactional memory, such as a cache memory. Upon overflowing the shared transactional memory, the transactional memory is virtualized and/or extended into a higher-level memory, such as a system memory.|-|align ="center" bgcolor =Metabolic pathways="#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">9</font>[[image:metabolic pathway1.gif|align = "center"|700 px|thumb]]<font color="#0000FF"><u>[[imagehttp:metabolic pathway//appft1.gif|center|700 px|thumb]]uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=Glucose regulationHITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20080098374.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080098374&RS=DN/20080098374 US20080098374A1]</u></font>|Method and apparatus for performing dynamic optimization for software transactional memory[[image:image10.gif|align = "center"|700 pxDynamic STM (DSTM)|thumb]]The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for performing dynamic optimization for STM. An optimistically immutable field is determined in the transaction to write. The transaction optimization unit keeps track of the status of object and class fields in a transaction. The transaction optimization unit invalidates methods corresponding to an optimistically immutable field in response to determining that the field has been written to and is therefore not immutable.|-|align ="center" bgcolor =Insulin overview="#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">10</font>|align ="center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/fetch.jsp?LANG=Insulin secretionENG&DBSELECT=PCT&SERVER_TYPE=19-10&SORT=41253138-KEY&TYPE_FIELD=256&IDB=0&IDOC=1629252&C=10&ELEMENT_SET=B&RESULT=1&TOTAL=1&START=1&DISP=25&FORM=SEP-0/HITNUM,B-ENG,DP,MC,AN,PA,ABSUM-ENG&SEARCH_IA=US2008050081&QUE WO2008088931A2]</u></font>Insulin secretion in beta cells is triggered |FACILITATING EFFICIENT TRANSACTIONAL MEMORY AND ATOMIC OPERATIONS VIA CACHE LINE MARKING|align = "center"|Hardware-Accelerated STM (HASTM)-Conflict detection|The system starts by rising blood glucose levels. Starting with executing a transaction for a thread, wherein executing the uptake of glucose by transaction involves placing load-marks on cache lines which are loaded during the GLUT2 transportertransaction and placing store-marks on cache lines which are stored to during the transaction. Upon completing the transaction, the glycolytic phosphorylation of glucose causes a rise in system releases the ATP:ADP ratio. This rise inactivates load-marks and the potassium channel store-marks from the cache lines which were load-marked and store-marked during the transaction. Note that depolarizes during the membranetransaction, causing the calcium channel to open up allowing calcium ions to flow inward. The ensuing rise in levels of calcium leads load-marks and store-marks prevent interfering accesses from other threads to the exocytotic release of insulin from their storage granulecache lines.|-[[image:image11.jpeg|center|700 px|thumb]]}

As important as insulin is to preventing too high of a blood glucose level, it is just as important that there not be too much insulin and hypoglycemia. As one step in monitoring insulin levels, the enzyme insulinase (found in the liver and kidneys) breaks down blood-circulating insulin resulting in a half-life of about six minutes for the hormone. This degradative process ensures that levels of circulating insulin are modulated and that blood glucose levels do not get dangerously low.[[image:image12.jpeg|center|700 px|thumb]]Insulin binding to the insulin receptor induces a signal transduction cascade which allows the glucose transporter (GLUT4) to transport glucose into the cell.--

== Analysis of Oreo cookies Patent dashboard=====Key ingredient of Oreo cookies===Identifies the various ingredients of the Oreo cookies. The high fructose corn syrup and wheat flour have high glycemic index and are problematic to the diabetes. Thus we have done further deep dive on high fructose corn syrup and wheat flour '''[[imagehttps:Key ingredient of Oreo cookies//www.jpeg|center|thumb|500 px]] ===Substitutes for High fructose corn syrup===[[image:Substitutes for High fructose corn syrupdolcera.jpeg|center|thumb|500 px]] ===Substitutes for wheat flour===[[image:Substitutes for wheat flourcom/auth/dashboard/dashboard.jpeg|center|thumb|500 px]] php?workfile_id===Mitigation - High fructose corn syrup===[[image:Mitigation - High fructose corn syrup.jpeg|center|thumb|500 px]] ===Mitigation – Wheat flour===[[image:Mitigation–Wheat flour.jpeg|center|thumb|500px]] ===Products substitute for High fructose corn syrup=== [[image:Products substitute for High fructose corn syrup.jpeg|center|thumb|500px]] ===Products substitute for wheat flour=== [[image:Products substitute for wheat flour.jpeg|center|thumb|500px]] ==Presentation==* Slideset: [[Media: Diabetes - Oreo Cookies ver3.ppt|Oreo Cookies and the sweeteners used 388 Patent Categorization in them]]* Slideset: [[Media: Diabetes - first draft.ppt|First draft]Dashboard]'''

'''{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"|-! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani'''|-| '''201 A South Delaware St. #306Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]|-| '''San Mateo, CA 94401 USAPhone''''''Phone: +1-650-269-7952''''''Fax: +1-866-690-7517''''''info@dolcera.com'''|}