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AN
1998:497819 BIOSIS
DN
PREV199800497819
TI
Neuro-humoral regulation of lipolysis: Physiological and pathological
aspects.
AU
Lafontan, Max [Reprint author]; Langin, Dominique
CS
Inserm U. 317, Inst. Louis-Bugnard, Univ. Paul-Sabatier, CHU Rangueil,
Batiment L3, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
SO
M-S (Medecine Sciences), (Aug.-Sept., 1998) Vol. 14, No. 8-9, pp. 865-876.
print.
ISSN: 0767-0974.
DT
Article
General Review; (Literature Review)
LA
French
ED
Entered STN: 18 Nov 1998
Last Updated on STN: 18 Nov 1998
AB
Lipolysis in white fat cells plays a central role in the regulation of
energy balance. Triacylglycerols (TAG) stored in the adipocytes are
hydrolysed consecutively to hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
activation during the stimulation of lipolysis. HSL catalyses the
hydrolysis of TAG to diacylglycerol and then to monoacylglycerol. The
hydrolysis of the monoacylglycerol-fatty acid bond is assured by a
monoacylglycerol lipase. HSL is phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent
protein kinase. Genomic organization and functional domains of rodent and
human hormone-sensitive lipase have recently been studied. Acute
regulation of HSL by catecholamines and insulin is well documented.
Non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol released by adipose tissue are
taken up by other tissues where they are metabolized. The local blood
flow in adipose tissue modulates the mobilization and the re-utilization
of fatty acids. Local blood flow and lipolysis are regulated by hormonal
factors and influenced by a number of physiological factors such as diets,
exercise, aging and sex. Insulin and catecholamines are the major
hormonal regulators of lipolysis. Their control of lipolysis is subjected
to variations according to the anatomical localization of adipose tissue
deposits. In human, lipolysis differs in visceral and subcutaneous
deposits. Insulin exerts its antilipolytic action through the stimulation
of adipocyte phosphodiesterase 3B. Four adrenoceptor subtypes are
involved in the adrenergic regulation of white and brown fat cell
lipolysis. The control of adenylyl cyclase activity involves stimulatory
beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptors and inhibitory
alpha2-adrenoceptors. Many clinical disorders are accompanied by
alteration in adipocyte lipolysis. Alteration of hormone-sensitive
lipase activity and of catecholamine-induced lipolysis have been
reported in obesity, familial combined hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance
syndrome and diabetes. Changes in beta- and alpha2-adrenoceptor ratios
and function as well as impairment of HSL function have been proposed to
explain the lipolytic disturbances.
CC
Metabolism - General metabolism and metabolic pathways 13002
Nervous system - General and methods 20501
IT
Major Concepts
Metabolism
IT
Parts, Structures, & Systems of Organisms
adipocyte, lipolytic disorders
IT
Diseases
obesity: nutritional disease
Obesity (MeSH)
IT
Chemicals & Biochemicals
hormone-sensitive lipase; triacylglycerols: hydrolysis
IT Miscellaneous Descriptors
clinical applications; lipolysis: neurohumoral regulation;
pathophysiology; physiology
ORGN
Classifier
Hominidae 86215
Super Taxa
Primates; Mammalia; Vertebrata; Chordata; Animalia
Organism Name
human: patient
Taxa Notes
Animals, Chordates, Humans, Mammals, Primates, Vertebrates
ORGN
Classifier
Rodentia 86265
Super Taxa
Mammalia; Vertebrata; Chordata; Animalia
Organism Name
rodent: animal model
Taxa Notes
Animals, Chordates, Mammals, Nonhuman Vertebrates, Nonhuman Mammals,
Rodents, Vertebrates
RN
9001-62-1 (LIPASE)

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