Electric Vehicles

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An electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. Electric vehicles include electric cars, electric trains, electric lorries, electric airplanes, electric boats, electric motorcycles and scooters and electric spacecraft.

Electric vehicles first came into existence in the mid-19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. During the last few decades, environmental impact of the petroleum-based transportation infrastructure, along with the peak oil , has led to renewed interest in an electric transportation infrastructure.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are propelled by an electric motor (or motors) powered by rechargeable battery packs. Electric motors have several advantages over internal combustion engines (ICEs):


Contents

Major Types of Electric Vehicles (EVs)

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For More details, please click Types of Electric Vehicles

Status of EV Market

California created regulations specifying a share of electric vehicles to be sold in California to be 10% after GM announced its intention to produce Electric Vehicles, in 1990. Several manufacturers produced and field tested several EVs, predominantly using Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH). Moreover, as a result of the sharp rise in oil prices, and considerable technological progress in lithium ion (Li-ion) battery chemistries, a new wave of enthusiasm for electric vehicles (EVs) has emerged.
Santini and Vyas (2009) for the U.S. and Golob and Brownstone (2005) for California have shown that the proportion of cars in the vehicle population increases as population density increases. Thus, EVs that are under development are ?City? cars, or ?City EVs?. They are generally small, even among cars.

Total Electric Vehicle Sales, World Market: 2010 to 2015

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Source Green Car Congress-Sept.2010

Plug-in Vehicle Market Share - North America, 2015

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Source Pike Research: North American Plug-in Vehicle Market Share, 2015

Hybrid & Pure Electric Car Volumes, 2009 & 2010 - Market Share

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Source VW joins rush into electric vehicles:source JD Power

Major EVs in the Market


Car Company PHEV BEV Models Timeline Planned Production Output
BMW No Yes Mini-E, Active-E, Megacity Megacity-2013
Mini-E, Active-E on pilot lease
Unknown
Chrysler-Fiat No Yes Fiat 500 2012 Unknown
Daimler No Yes Smart ED Fortwo 2012 1,500 globally in 2011, series production
in 2012
Mitsubishi Yes Yes iMiEV, PX-MiEV i-MiEV: 2011
PX-MiEV: 2013
Unknown
Tesla No Yes Roadster, Model S Roadster: in serial production
Model S: 2012
Roadster: 1,200 annually
Model S: 20,000 annually
Nissan No Yes LEAF, NV200, Infiniti EV LEAF: In serial production LEAF: 500,000/year globally by 2012
GM Yes No Volt In serial production 2011: 10-15,000 units
2012: up to 60,000 units
Ford Yes Yes Focus BEV, Transit Connect Electric, unnamed PHEV Transit Connect Electric: began in late 2010
Focus BEV: 2011
Unnamed PHEV: 2012
Transit Connect Electric: 600-700 annually beginning in April 2011
Focus BEV: 5,000-10,000 units annually13
Toyota Yes Yes Prius PHEV, Unnamed BEV 2012 Prius PHEV: 10000 units annually

Source Plug-in Electric Vehicles: A Practical Plan for Progress February 2011, School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University

Number of EV Models Expected to be Introduced 2011 to 2015

Type Already in Market Model year 2011 Model Year 2012 Model Year 2013 Model Year 2014 Model Year 2015 Total Models By 2015
HEVs 22 13 8 7 2 0 52
PHEVs 0 3 4 3 7 1 18
BEVs 1 11 12 1 4 3 32
FCVs 0 0 0 0 1 5 6
Total 23 27 24 11 14 9 108

SourceFall 2010 Electric Vehicle Forecast Summary Prepared by Baum and Associates September 2010

Estimated Sales of EVs: 2011 TO 2017

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Patent Valuation-Auckland Uniservices

Wireless Chargers for Electric Vehicles

Sources

Inductive Automatic Charging: The Way to Safe, Efficient and UserFriendly Electric Vehicle Infrastructure-Gaston Maggetto, Peter Van den Bossche

Electric Vehicle Primer-Types of EVs

Green Car Congress-Sept.2010

Pike Research: North American Plug-in Vehicle Market Share, 2015

VW joins rush into electric vehicles:source JD Power

EV Market Development, May 2010

Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles: Market penetration scenarios of electric drive vehicles

Plug-in Electric Vehicles: A Practical Plan for Progress February 2011, School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University

Fall 2010 Electric Vehicle Forecast Summary Prepared by Baum and Associates September 2010


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